Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Courses
Courses marked with an asterisk (*) are given as part of the
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Program.
BIOMECHANICS: APPLIED ORTHODONTIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall, yearly
Drs. Marshall Deeney, Ronald Bellohusen, and Scott Stein
Objectives: To present the Angle edgewise appliance and
its variations, particularly the straight wire concepts, orthodontic
concepts, and biomechanical principles, to illustrate the mode of
appliance action, its clinical application, and its limitations.
Clinical application of biomechanical principles are illustrated
in laboratory demonstrations and projects.
BIOMEDICAL IMAGING, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
Mandatory, first year residents
Fall, yearly
Dr. Michael E. Spoon
Objectives: Various conventional cephalometric techniques,
their historical development,and interpretation are complemented
by a thorough understanding of landmark identification and shortcomings.
Digital acquisition, manipulation,and interpretation will parallel
technological innovations. This is followed by an introduction to
mathematically robust and non-reductionistic techniques. Medical
imaging techniques and their application to oral biology are briefly
described. Additional interest and investigation is encouraged.
BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND CEPHALOMETRIC RADIOLOGY
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall, yearly
Dr. Michael E. Spoon
Objectives: To discuss the following topics and laboratory
procedures: apparatus and most forms of biomedical imaging, methods
of analysis of craniofacial growth, pattern analysis and an introduction
to complex systems, clinical diagnosis and therapy, longitudinal
growth studies, craniofacial changes which may influence diagnosis
and therapy, and, morphometric methods of analysis.
BIOPROGRESSIVE EDGEWISE THERAPY - INTRODUCTION
Mandatory - first year residents
Spring, yearly
Dr. Richard B. Myers
Objectives: To present the historical background in the
development of the Bioprogressive technique, rationale for its development,
how it interfaced with the other existing biomechanical techniques
of the time, and its relation to the straightwire edgewise techniques
popular today. Also, to present an understanding of the basic principles,
biological basis, and biomechanics, including prescription, wires,
activation of the utility arch and sectionals, and treatment sequences
as applied to different malocclusion types.
BIOPROGRESSIVE EDGEWISE THERAPY - ADVANCED
Mandatory - second year residents
Fall, yearly
Dr. Richard B. Myers
Objectives: To review the Bioprogressive technique in clinical
practice following preliminary clinical experience by the residents.
A thorough review of the treament sequences applicable to the different
types of malocclusions, as well as trouble-shooting discussions
regarding difficulties experienced in the clinical applications
of the technique has been shown to be helpful. Additionally, various
ancillary appliances utilized in not only the Bioprogressive technique
but others as well are discussed in detail as to their applicabillity
in different situations, construction details, and activiation.
Finally, retention is considered as to philosophy, determination
of readinesss, and short and long-term goals.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ORTHODONTICS
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall, yearly, but spring and fall 2003
Dr. Robert Rosenblum
Objectives: To provide proficiency in the use of
Excel spreadsheet and PowerPoint presentation programs. This is
done with a series of hands-on exercises related to data analysis
and computerized cephalometric analysis. Other programs will be
reviewed and instruction in the use of a cephalometric analysis
program will be provided. All exercises will be done with IBM-PC
compatible computers.
CRANIOFACIAL DEFORMITIES (2 parts)
A. Cleft palate staffings; team diagnosis
B. Congenital malformations of the craniofacial complex and growth
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall, yearly
Dr. J. Daniel Subtelny
Objectives: To study congenital malformations of the jaws
with particular emphasis placed on congenital clefts of the lips
and palate; to train orthodontists to serve as members of interdisciplinary
teams of scientists to diagnose and treat cleft palate and facial
growth problems; and, to provide training in the clinical therapy
of cleft palate patients in the orthodontic clinic. Lecturers discuss
embryology, etiology, and morphology of congenital facial malformations;
postnatal growth problems and associated problems in respiration,
deglutition, mastication, and speech; and, longitudinal growth studies
revealing growth, development, functional and therapeutic changes,
and the efficacy of the changes.
CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Mandatory - first year residents
Spring, yearly
Dr. Michael Spoon
Objectives: Testing for a basic understanding of the embryological
aspects of craniofacial development and tooth development begins
a course through a myriad of topics that have, in recent years,
included: craniofacial growth theories; tensegrity, integrins, and
the hierarchial extension of mechanical transduction; tissue engineering;
developments in the field of nanotechnology; the endothelin pathway
and human developemnt; trauma and wound healing; cranial pneumatization,
brain and eye growth effects on facial form; apoptosis; bioelectrical
effets on bone growth, repair, and remodeling; nutritional and exercise
effects; anthropological aspects of craniofacial morphology; growth
factors and hormones; trauma; cognitive development; heritable traits
and secular effects; molecular genetics; and distraction osteogenesis.
Current literature and anticipated clinical applications will dictate
future topics.
CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR [ORB
558]
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Spring, odd years
Drs. J. Daniel Subtelny and Robert Rosenblum
Objectives: To study and review the prenatal embryogenesis,
genetic control and postnatal morphogenesis of the craniofacial
complex. To study mechanisms of remodeling of the facial skeletal
complex and development of the occlusion. Other topics will include
the biomechanics of bone growth and development, environmental factors,
growth changes in the temporomandibular joint and surgical correction
of craniofacial anomalies.
CRANIOFACIAL OSTEOLOGY AND MYOLOGY
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall, yearly
Drs. Stephanos D. Kyrkanides and Surat Attaphitaya
Objectives: To study bones and muscles of the craniofacial
complex. Muscles are studied using a tracing technique depicting
their bony relationships and functions. Teaching methodology involves
three-dimensional conceptualization of osteology and myology of
the head and neck utilizing carving in wax of individual bones as
well as tracing individual muscle units on both lateral and frontal
radiographs. Studies also include embryology growth and development
and its relationship to hand/wrist radiographs. Muscles and bones
are organized into functional, anatomic units with respect to variation
in depth.
DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITIES
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Spring, yearly
Drs. Stephanos D. Kyrkanides and Jeffery A. Arigo
Objectives: To focus on topics relative to diagnosis and
treatment planning; etiology and morphology of dentofacial malformations;
growth and development; and, current surgical concepts. Several
teaching philosophies are employed including case-based learning,
problem-oriented learning, lectures, seminars with open discussion,
and laboratory demonstrations.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN OCCLUSION
Mandatory - first year residents
Spring, yearly
Dr. Surat Attaphitaya
Objectives: To cover the development, form and function
of the human occlusion; postnatal development changes in the deciduous,
transitional, and permanent dentitions; the correlation between
craniofacial growth and the development of the occlusion; mechanisms
of tooth eruption and eruption sequences as well as the natural
changes that take place in the development of normal occlusion;
growth and development of the teeth and dental arches, eruption
patterns, and factors influencing the eruption of teeth; ideal occlusion
and factors leading to its development; Space and tooth analysis
as related to treatment goals; and, the third molar and its influence
on orthodontic treatment. Residents are required to do a literature
review, an individual presentation, and a slide presentation.
FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES
Mandatory - first year residents
Spring, yearly
Dr. Ali Bahreman
Objectives: To discuss the historical and clinical perspective
on the use of functional appliances; to consider appliances of various
types in terms of mechanical elements, construction, and clinical
applications; and to construct an appliance.
HISTOLOGY
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Spring, yearly
Dr. Stephanos Kyrkanides
Objectives: To incorporate histology into various courses,
core curriculum courses, lectures and seminars; and, to emphasize
the histology of tooth movement . Histology of the periodontium
is more fully discussed in Biology of the Periodontium (ORB 556).
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall, yearly
Dr. Robert Rosenblum
Objectives: To provide instruction on the use of personal
computers, both IBM-PC compatible types and the Macintosh. Residents
will use shareware database and spreadsheet programs to gain experience
in the use of these or similar programs for typical orthodontic
applications.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Yearly, one hour each month
Dr. Mark Hatala
Objectives: To critically discuss and analyize recent literature.
ORTHODONTIC RECORDS COURSE
Mandatory - first year residents
Fall , yearly
Dr. Richard Myers
Objectives: To introduce the residents to the many procedures
required to gather sufficient information necessary to make a thorough
diagnosis; and, to perfect the various record taking procedures
between the scheduled seminar times. Topics discussed include: photographic
equipment requirements for program and procedures; intra- and extra-oral
photographs; the orthodontic impression; orthodontic model trimming
and polishing; the Nance analysis; the Bolton analysis; the diagnostic
set-up; model x-ray analysis; introduction to cephalometrics and
uses of the frontal and oblique films; use of the hand-wrist film;
and, the clinical exam.
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AND PRACTICE MANAGEMENT
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Dr. Robert Baker, Sr.
Objectives: To cover all aspects of the business and professional
aspects of a practice, including early, mixed, and full treatment.
Special interest is paid to the treatment of adult patients with
contouring of teeth and developing upper arches with maxillary insufficiency,
and the treatment of cases with lingual appliances.
PERIODONTICS/PROSTHODONTICS/ORTHODONTICS SEMINAR
Fall and Spring, yearly
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Objectives: To involve the residents in the diagnosis and
treatment planning process of patients with interdisciplinary problems.
PRACTICE MANAGEMENT - POSITION SELECTION
Mandatory - second year residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Dr. Richard B. Myers
Objectives: To provide guidelines and assistance to residents
in seeking employment, evaluating general and specific practice
opportunities, and directing their focus toward what factors are
primary and what are secondary in making location decisions. The
importance, availability, and timing of outside expertise is discussed,
as well as evaluation of employment and purchase agreements. Although
these discussions are conducted in a seminar-type environment, much
individual counseling takes place as well, frequently on an on-going
basis.
RESEARCH
Mandatory - second-year residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Advisor: faculty member as appropriate
Objectives: For each second-year resident to complete and
present a research paper as a requirement for certification.
SEMINARS ON ORTHODONTIC PERSPECTIVES
Mandatory - first and second year residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Dr. William Raineri
Objective: To teach first year residents the straight wire
course based on personal experience and information gleaned from
continuing education courses such as those given by Andrews, Roth,
and McLaughlin. This seminar is best initiated following completion
of the biomechanics seminar. Subsequently, seminars in early treatment
are initiated to cover eruption guidance, space gaining and facial
orthopedics. These seminars supplement the transitional dentition
seminar. To teach second year residents differential diagnosis:
orthodontics, orthopedics, orthognathics to evaluate and indicate
several alternatives to the treatment of orthodontic problems; comparative
orthodontic mechanisms; and, various techniques used at Eastman
Department of Dentistry to help residents gain a perspective of
how they would best like to practice clinically. At the end of the
second year, seminars in practice management are presented.
SURGICAL ORTHODONTICS
Mandatory - first year residents, fall and spring semesters
Fall and Spring, yearly
Drs. Scott I. Stein and Ross Tallents
Objectives: To teach proper diagnosis and treatment procedures
for patients with severe dentofacial deformities, not amenable to
orthodontic or surgical treatment alone; to stress diagnosis to
determine the area and/or areas of deviation from acceptable normal
variation; and, to institute joint clinical procedures to achieve
the most optimal correction of the dentoskeletal deviations. Seminars
and clinical treatment are conjointly conducted under the supervision
of the staff of the oral surgery and orthodontic programs.
*SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS/
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEAD AND NECK PAIN
Mandatory - second year residents; TMJ residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Dr. Donald J. Macher
The management of patients with temporomandibular disorders requires
accurate diagnosis with the ability to establish a differential
diagnosis. Understanding concomitant conditions can assist in diagnosis
and provide guidance in patient management. Surgical management
plays an integral role in the management of temporomandibular disorders.
It also provides a direct method of correlating clinical and imaging
findings.
*TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS [EDD 710]
Mandatory - first and second year residents; Temporomandibular Joint
(TMJ) residents
Fall, odd years
Dr. Ross H. Tallents
Objectives: To provide some of the necessary skills needed
to understand the disease process and appropriate treatment alternatives
for patients presenting with facial pain. The diagnosis and management
of patients with facial pain requires a multidisciplinary approach.
The scope of this series will be partially didactic and partially
clinical.
*TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT SEMINARS [EDD 708]
Mandatory - second year residents; TMJ residents
Fall, even years
Drs. Ross H. Tallents, Edward Sommers, Donald J. Macher, Joseph
A. Catania, Mark Hatala
Objectives: To explain the theories and rationale for splint
treatment. The course will be divided in didactic and clinical sessions
in order to provide some of the necessary skills needed to understand
the rationale, outcome and complications of different splint treatment.
*TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOURNAL REVIEW
Mandatory - TMJ residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Dr. Ross H. Tallents
Objectives: To cover the current and past literature of
the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of temporomandibular joint
disorders. The residents will review assigned papers and present
reviews at each session.
EARLY AGE ORTHODONTIC (SEMINARS) - DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY
Mandatory - First and Second Year Residents
Fall and Spring
Instructors: Drs. A. Bahreman, Leonard Fishman, Deborah New, J.
Daniel Subtelny
Objectives: to study and understand the growth and development
of the dental occlusion from the embryonic stage on to the devlopment
of the permanent dentition. The objective is to develop diagnostic
and treatment approaches of early developing malocclusions incident
to disparate jaw growth relationships observable in the deciduous
and transitional stages of dental maturation. Changes in the occlusion
are correlated with growth changes of the craniofacial complex.
The significance of craniofacial growth on the relationship and
position of the jaws is stressed relative to the developemnt of
the occlusion and/or malocclusion.
TRANSITIONAL DENTITION
Mandatory - first year and second year residents
Fall and Spring, first year residents; Spring, second year residents
Dr. Leonard S. Fishman
Objectives: To teach residents the methodology to identify
the unique developmental characteristics associated with the individual
patient during adolescence. This information is directly related
to developing a more scientific approach to orthodontic diagnosis
and treatment planning.
*UNDERSTANDING PAIN
Mandatory - second year residents; TMJ residents
Fall and Spring, yearly
Dr. Ross H. Tallents
Objectives: To review the literature on the history, theory
and concepts of systemic pain and pain associated with temporomandibular
disorders (TMJD); the anatomic and physiologic basis of pain; the
biochemistry of nociception as well as the physical and biological
considerations of chronic and acute pain; and, the anatomy of the
central and peripheral nervous system.
Application Process
Core Courses
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