Our studies demonstrated that patients receiving leukocyte-reduced allogeneic blood transfusions for leukemia, and those receiving leukocyte-reduced allogeneic or autologous transfusions during surgical procedures, experienced reduced morbidity and mortality compared with patients receiving unmodified allogeneic transfusions. We were the first to document that one likely mechanism for these benefits is that allogeneic transfusions promote type 2 (Th2) cellular immunity and down regulate type 1 (Th1) immunity. Leukoreduction or use of autologous transfusions reduces these immunologic effects. We also have pioneered clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness analyses in the study of transfusion immunomodulation.

Transfusions, however, can also promote inflammatory processes. Platelet transfusions are associated with a dose dependent increase in multi-organ failure syndrome in surgical patients. Work done in collaboration with Dr. Rick Phipps's laboratory has shown that stored platelet transfusion supernatant promotes cellular secretion of PGE2 , IL6 and IL8 in vitro through a soluble CD40L dependent mechanism. Current investigations include clinical and laboratory studies of the effects of stored platelet supernatant CD40L on clinical outcomes and in vitro immunologic function. We are also exploring the possible use of autologous stored platelet supernatant for immunotherapeutic use.

Dr. Blumberg's clinical interests are in transfusion medicine and hematology. He has long-standing clinical and research foci in immune cytopenias, supportive care for patients with hematologic malignancies, and the immunologic sequela of transfusion therapy. He has been Director of the Transfusion Medicine Section/Blood Bank of Strong Memorial Hospital since 1980, and Director of the Strong Memorial Hospital and Highland Hospital Clinical Laboratories since 2004.

O'Brien JJ, Ray DM, Spinelli SL, Blumberg N, Taubman MB, Francis CW, Wittlin SD, Phipps RP. The platelet as a therapeutic target for treating vascular diseases and the role of eicosanoid and synthetic PPARgamma ligands. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2007 Jan;82(1-4):68-76. Epub 2006 Jul 10.

Rogers MA, Blumberg N, Saint SK, Kim C, Nallamothu BK, Langa KM. Allogeneic blood transfusions explain increased mortality in women after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Am Heart J. 2006 Dec;152(6):1028-34.

Blumberg N, Francis CW, Heal JM eds. Clinical use of plasma and plasma fractions. In Best Practice and Research in Clinical Haematology, Elsevier, UK, 2006.

Blumberg N, Heal JM. Transfusion immunomodulation. In Hillyer et all eds. Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles and Practice. 2nd edition, 2006.

Blumberg N, Gettings KF, Turner C, Heal JM, Phipps RP. An association of soluble CD40 ligand (CD154) with adverse reactions to platelet transfusions. Transfusion. 2006 Oct;46(10):1813-21.

Blumberg N. International Forum: Haemovigilance. Vox Sanguinis 2006 90: 237-239.

Blumberg N, Heal JM. Immunomodulation by transfusion. In Spiess B et al. Perioperative Transfusion Medicine. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2nd edition, 2005.

Ray DM, Spinelli SL, O'Brien JJ, Blumberg N, Phipps RP Platelets as a novel target for PPARgamma ligands : implications for inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. BioDrugs. 2006;20(4):231-41. Review.

Khan SY, Kelher MR, Heal JM, Blumberg N, Boshkov LK, Phipps R, Gettings KF, McLaughlin NJ, Silliman CC. Soluble CD40 ligand accumulates in stored blood components, primes neutrophils through CD40, and is a potential cofactor in the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood. 2006 Oct 1;108(7):2455-62. Epub 2006 Jun 13.

Blumberg N, Fine L, Gettings KF, Heal JM. Decreased sepsis related to indwelling venous access devices coincident with implementation of universal leukoreduction of blood transfusions. Transfusion. 2005 Oct;45(10):1632-9.

Blumberg N. Deleterious clinical effects of transfusion immunomodulation: proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Transfusion. 2005 Aug;45(2 Suppl):33S-39S; discussion 39S-40S. Review.

Heal JM, Liesveld J, Phillips G, Blumberg N. What would Karl Landsteiner do? The ABO blood group and stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Nov;36(9):747-55. Review.

Blumberg N, Heal JM, Rowe JM. A randomized trial of washed red blood cell and platelet transfusions in adult acute leukemia [ISRCTN76536440]. BMC Blood Disord. 2004 Dec 10;4(1):6.

Horan JT, Liesveld JL, Fenton P, Blumberg N, Walters MC. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiply transfused patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia after low-dose total body irradiation, fludarabine, and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Jan;35(2):171-7.

Heal JM, Blumberg N. Optimizing platelet transfusion therapy. Blood Rev. 2004 Sep;18(3):149-65.

Akbiyik F, Ray DM, Gettings KF, Blumberg N, Francis CW, Phipps RP. Human bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets express PPAR{gamma} and PPAR{gamma} agonists blunt platelet release of CD40 ligand and thromboxanes. Blood. 2004 Sep 1;104(5):1361-1368. Epub 2004 May 06.

Blumberg N, Heal JM. Erythropoietin to treat anaemia in patients with head and neck cancer. Lancet. 2004 Jan 3;363(9402):80-1; author reply 81-2.

Koumas L, Smith TJ, Feldon S, Blumberg N, Phipps RP. Thy-1 expression in human fibroblast subsets defines myofibroblastic or lipofibroblastic phenotypes. Am J Pathol. 163:1291-300, 2003.

Blumberg N, Heal JM, Gettings KF. WBC reduction of RBC transfusions is associated with a decreased incidence of RBC alloimmunization.Transfusion 43:945-52, 2003.

Goldman J, Liesveld J, Nichols D, Heal J, Blumberg N. ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient and clinical outcomes in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leuk Res 27:489-91, 2003.

Blumberg N, Phipps RP, Kaufman J, Heal JM. The causes and treatment of reactions to platelet transfusions. Transfusion. 43:291-292, 2003.

Blumberg N, Heal JM, Cowles JW, Hicks GL Jr, Risher WH, Samuel PK, Kirkley SA. Leukocyte-reduced transfusions in cardiac surgery results of an implementation trial. Am J Clin Pathol. 118:376-81, 2002.

Vanderlinde ES, Heal JM, Blumberg N. Autologous transfusion. BMJ. 324:772-5, 2002.

Blumberg N, Heal JM, Hicks GL Jr, Risher WH. Association of ABO-mismatched platelet transfusions with morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. Transfusion. 41:790-3, 2001.

Anolik JH, Blumberg N, Snider J, Francis CW. Posttransfusion purpura secondary to an alloantibody reactive with HPA-5a (Br(b)). Transfusion. 41:633-6, 2001.

Vo TD, Cowles J, Heal JM, Blumberg N. Platelet washing to prevent recurrent febrile reactions to leucocyte-reduced transfusions. Transfus Med. 11:45-7, 2001.

Phipps RP, Kaufman J, Blumberg N. Platelet derived CD154 (CD40 ligand) and febrile responses to transfusion. Lancet. 357:2023-4, 2001.