Formulation of Surgical Pathology Report

 

                       

System

Specimen

Dx. I

Dx. II

Note

CPT

Breast

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Cardiovascular

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Gastrointestinal

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Genitourinary

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Head & Neck

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Hepatic/Pancreatic

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Lymphoid

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Male Reproductive

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Mediastinum

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Neuroendocrine

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

 

ObGyn

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Pulmonary

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Skeleton

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Skin

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

Soft Tissue

Headings

Benign

Malignant

Comments

CPT code

   * How to Use Diagnostic Aids

 

Tumor Synopsis

            Breast carcinomas, invasive                   Gastric carcinomas                               Pancreatic carcinoma

            Cervical carcinomas                              Lung carcinomas                                   Prostatic carcinoma     

            Colorectal carcinomas                          Melanoma                                            Renal carcinomas (excluding TCC)

            Endometrial carcinomas                        Ovarian epithelial carcinomas                Urinary bladder carcinomas

            Esophageal carcinoma                          Ovarian germ cell neoplasms

           

              (For a complete list of tumor synoptic form with drop-down features, please visit the Tumor Synopsis website)            

             

 

Diagnosis Formulation

Breast

Breast: Headings                                                                                   Back to Top

Right / Left breast, needle core biopsy at  __ o’clock:                                             CPT 88305

Right breast, stereotactic needle core biopsies:

Right / Left breast, excisional biopsy:

Right / Left breast mass, excision:                                                                           CPT 88305

Right / Left breast, lumpectomy:                                                                              CPT 88307

Right / Left breast, re-excision:                                                                               CPT 88307

Right / Left breast, simple / partial mastectomy:                                                       CPT 88307

Right / Left breast, radical mastectomy:                                                                   CPT 88309

Right / Left breast, reduction mammoplasty:                                                            CPT 88305

 

Breast: Diagnosis                                                                                  Back to Top

Non-Neoplastic:

Benign breast tissue with fibrocystic change and microcalcification. No carcinoma or atypical hyperplasia seen. 

Fibrocystic changes, including sclerosing adenosis, cysts, and focal areas of usual ductal hyperplasia.

Benign breast tissue with fibrocystic change and focal usual ductal hyperplasia.       

Benign breast tissue with fibrocystic changes and microcalcification, no hyperplasia or atypia seen.  

Benign breast tissue with focal sclerosing adenosis and microcalcification.   

Benign breast tissue with focal fibrosis, no atypical hyperplasia seen.           

 

 

Benign Neoplastic:

Fibroadenoma.

Benign breast tissue with changes consistent with hyalinized fibroadenoma  

Juvenile papillomatosis.      

Focal florid ductal hyperplasia with / without atypia, and associated microcalcification..

Atypical ductal hyperplasia, multifocal, extending to ___  margin(s).

Lobular hyperplasia without atypia associated microcalcification.

Atypical lobular hyperplasia and associated microcalcification.

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                            Back to Top

 

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma, low nuclear grade, present in all  biopsy cores and involving approximately 90% of total tissue volume.

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, high nuclear grade, with focal comedo necrosis.  No amplification of Her-2 gene is identified by Fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Infiltrating and in-situ ductal / lobular carcinoma (__ cm), cribriform / comedo type, low / intermediate / high nuclear grade (Bloom-Richardson nuclear grade __ /3) with angiolymphatic invasion.  See attached Tumor Synoptic Report. (See comment for Breast Carcinoma Synopsis.)

Infiltrating ductal / lobular carcinoma, ____ type, Well / moderately / poorly differentiated (Bloom-Richardson score: __ /10 = __ + __ + __ ).  See comment for Breast Carcinoma Synopsis. 

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma, intermediate nuclear grade (Bloom-Richardson nuclear grade 2), involving 75% of the total tissue volume, with focal in-situ component and terminal ductal involvement.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (__ cm), arising in a background of extensive lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). See comment for Breast Carcinoma Synopsis.

Mixed intraductal and infiltrating ductal carcinoma, highs / intermediate / low nuclear grade, with angiolymphatic invasion.

Phyllodes tumor (cystosarcoma phyllodes), __ cm. with heterologous stromal sarcoma (predominantly liposarcoma); no tumor seen on surgical excision margins, see note.

-                     

Breast: Comment                                                                                   Back to Top

Immunohistochemical staining results of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and Her-2/Neu oncoprotein will be issued in a separate report.

Immunohistochemical stains, with adequate controls, show that the majority ( ___ %) of invasive component are negative / strongly positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and the majority ( __%) invasive component are negative / positive for HER-2-Neu oncoprotein in membranous pattern

Radiographic film of the specimen is received and correlated with histological findings.

Pending clinical history / special stain / additional levels / decalcification / subspecialty consultation / intradepartmental conference.

-                    Fluorescence in situ hybridization of cells within paraffin-embedded tissue sections was performed using the FDA-approved Vysis PathVision HER-2 DNA probe kit.  The kit consists of two labeled DNA probes.  The first one hybridizes to the HER-2/gene and the second hybridizes to the alpha satellite DNA located at the centromere of chromosome 17.  Forty interphase nuclei of infiltrating tumor cells were analyzed.  There were __ HER-2 signals and __ chromosome 17 signals.

 

 

_____________________________________________

Cardiovascular: Headings                                                              Back to Top

Aortic aneurysm, partial resection:                                                                          CPT 88305

Abdominal aorta, aneurysm repair:

Aortic valve, valve replacement:

Ascending aorta, partial resection:                                                                           CPT 88305

Aortic valve, valvectomy:                                                                                        CPT 88305

Aortic valve leaflets, resection:

Right / Left carotid plaque, endarterectomy:                                                            CPT 88304

Prosthetic aortic valve, removal                                                                              CPT 88300

Temporal artery, biopsy:                                                                                         CPT 88305

Mitral valve, valve replacement:

Right ventricle, biopsy:

Thrombus, (site), removal:                                                                                      CPT 88304

Cardiovascular: Diagnosis                                                                    Back to Top

Non-Neoplastic:

Dissecting aneurysm

 Marked mural myxoid degeneration, medial necrosis and associated mural hemorrhage consistent with dissecting aneurysm.

Marked atherosclerosis and mural myxoid degeneration (aorta).

Blood and fibrin blots.

Calcified atheromatous plaque.

Atherosclerotic plaque with extensive calcification and fibrosis

Marked atherosclerotic change with atherosclerotic plaque formation fibrosis, calcification and myxoid degeneration.

Calcific atherosclerotic plaques.

Mechanical aortic valve, ball and cage type, for gross examination only.

Bioprosthetic aortic valve.

-                    Segment of arterial wall with intimal thickening and calcified atheromatous plaque.

Atherosclerotic plaques with fibrosis and calcification.

Focal mild / moderate / severe acute cellular rejection (ISHLT grade __ /3). See note.

Dissecting aortic aneurysm with hemorrhage, fibrin and blood clot  and marked mural myxoid degeneration.

 

 

Benign Neoplastic:

 

       Malignant Neoplastic:

 

 

Cardiovascular: Comment                                                                    Back to Top

_____________________________________________

Gastrointestinal System

Gastrointestinal: Headings                                                                    Back to Top

Appendix, appendectomy:                                                                                      CPT 88302 (incidental); or 88304

Anal canal, hemorrhoidectomy:

-                    Cecum, mucosal biopsy:                                                                             CPT 88305

-                    Duodenum, mucosal biopsy:                                                                        CPT 88305

Esophageal-gastric junction, mucosal biopsy:                                                          CPT 88305

Esophagus, partial / total esophagectomy:                                                               CPT 88309 (tumor) or 88307

Gastric antrum, mucosal biopsy:                                                                              CPT 88305

Gastric fundus, mucosal biopsy:                                                                              CPT 88305

Right / Transverse / Left / Sigmoid colon, __ cm, mucosal biopsy:                           CPT 88305

-                    Right / Transverse / Left / Sigmoid colon, segmental colectomy:                   CPT 88309 (tumor) or 88307

-                    Small intestine / Ileum, segmental resection:                                                  CPT 88309 (tumor) or 88307

-                    Stomach, mucosal biopsy:                                                                           CPT 88305

-                    Terminal ileum, cecum and appendix, partial ileocolectomy:                          CPT 88309 (tumor) or 88307

-                    Colon, total colectomy:                                                                               CPT 88309

 

-                    Rectum, __ cm, mucosal biopsy:                                                                 CPT 88305

-                    Stomach, partial /subtotal resection // total gastrectomy:                               CPT 88309 (tumor) or 88307

-                     

Gastrointestinal: Diagnosis                                                                   Back to Top

Non-neoplastic lesions:

Acute appendicitis and periappendiceal inflammation.  The proximal resection margin is free of / involved by acute inflammation.

Focal acute inflammation.  No granuloma or dysplasia seen.

Antral / fundic / pyloric mucosa with hyperplastic changes and mild chronic inflammation.  No acute inflammation is present.

Focal / diffuse mild / severe acute gastritis.  No H. pylori are identified on Alcian yellow stain. // Microorganism form consistent with H. pylori is identified on Alcian yellow stain.

Antral / fundic / pyloric mucosa with no histologic abnormality. Special stain for Helicobacter pylori is negative.

Antral mucosa with mild chronic inactive gastritis. No dysplasia is identified. Special stain for Helicobacter microorganism is negative.

-                    Giardiasis, duodenum.

-                    Gastro-esophageal junction mucosa with mild / moderate / marked chronic / acute gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, consistent with Barrett’s esophagus.  No glandular dysplasia is noted. No esophagitis is identified.

-                    Mild chronic gastritis with very focal activity.  No dysplasia seen.  Special stain for Helicobacter microorganism is negative

-                    Benign antral mucosa with mild reactive changes.

-                    Benign colonic mucosa, no pathological changes identified.

-                    Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, quiescent / minimally active, favoring ulcerative colitis, negative for dysplasia / with polypoid adenomatous (low grade) epithelium; see note.

-                    Colonic mucosa, with normal limit. // Unremarkable colonic mucosa.

-                    Colonic mucosa with no histological abnormality identified.

Focal / Diffuse mild / moderate / marked acute inflammation (colitis).  No architectural distortion, granuloma or dysplasia seen.

Chronic colitis, quiescent / minimally active / moderately active, no granuloma or dysplasia seen.

Benign colonic mucosa with very focal mild acute inflammation.  No significant architecture distortion identified

-                    Benign colonic mucosa with focal superficial hyperplastic change.

-                    Lymphocytic colitis. No neutrophilic inflammation, granuloma or dysplasia seen.

Benign Neoplastic:                                                                                                                              Back to Top   

-                    Tubulovillous adenoma, fragmented.

-                    Adenomatous polyp.

-                    Fragments of adenomatous colonic epithelium (with focal high grade dysplasia). 

-                    Tubulovillous adenoma(s) (__ cm, __ cm and __ cm), the proximal and distal resection margins are free of the tumor. 

-                    Fragments of adenomatous colonic epithelium with high grade dysplasia and  lamina propia invasion with possible vascular invasion suggestive of underlying invasive adenocarcinoma.

-                     

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                                                                                         Back to Top

-                    Invasive adenocarcinoma (__ cm) of the colon, moderately / poorly differentiated, extending into / through muscularis mucosa / submucosa / muscularis propria into the pericolonic adipose tissue, with no / focal / extensive angiolymphatic invasion.  The proximal and distal resection margins are free of tumor.  Metastatic adenocarcinoma in  __ of __   (__ /__) pericolonic lymph nodes.

-                    Invasive adenocarcinoma (__ cm) of the colon, moderately / poorly differentiated (see Comment for Synoptic Report).

-                    Invasive adenocarcinoma (__ cm) of the esophagus, well / moderately / poorly differentiated, extending into / through muscularis mucosa /submucosa /muscularis propria, with no / focal / extensive angiolymphatic invasion.  The resection margins are free of tumor (see comment for Synoptic report).

-                    Invasive gastric adenocarcinoma ( __ cm), well / moderately / poorly differentiated, extending into / through muscularis mucosa / submucosa / muscularis propria, with no / focal / extensive / angiolymphatic invasion, and metastasis to __ of ___ lymph nodes ( __ / __ ).  The resection margins are free of tumor. // Tumor present at / -- cm from the closest proximal / distal resection margin.

-                    Invasive gastric adenocarcinoma (__ cm), well/moderately/poorly differentiated, the resection margins are free of tumor // extending to / present at __ cm from proximal / distal resection margin (see Comment for Synoptic report).

-                    Carcinoid tumor of ___ (e.g. terminal ileum) (1.5 x 1.0 X 0.7 cm), invading into but not through muscularis propia with lymphovascular invasion.  \\  the resection margins are free of tumor. Metastasis to __ of __ (_/__) lymph nodes.

 

Gastrointestinal: Comment                                                                   Back to Top

-                    The histological findings are compatible with the diagnosis of chronic active colitis. The underlying etiology cannot be determined morphologically. Differential diagnosis includes, but is not limited to, idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases. Clinical correlation is required

Endoscopic report / picture is received and reviewed.

Patient’s previous biopsy (S-01- ___) is reviewed and compared with the current specimen.

Pending clinical history / special stain / additional levels / decalcification / subspecialty consultation / intradepartmental conference.

Case discussed with Dr. ___ (clinician) on __ / __ / __.

Case reviewed with Dr. _____ (pathologist, e.g. Farhood).

Case reviewed at intradepartmental quality assurance conference on __ / __ / __.

-                    Dr. ___ (clinician) office is notified about the preliminary diagnosis / case status on __ / __ / __ by ____ (pathologist).

-                    Case sent to (MD. Anderson Cancer Center) for outside consultation and the report will be issued as an addendum.

 

 

_____________________________________________

Genitourinary System

Genitourinary: Headings                                                                        Back to Top

-                    Urinary bladder, mucosal biopsy:                                                                CPT 88305

-                    Bladder, transurethral resection:

-                    Bladder, dome, biopsy:

-                    Right / Left kidney, total / partial nephrectomy:                                            CPT 88307

-                    Right / Left kidney, transplant, biopsy:                                                         CPT 88305

Right / Left kidney, explant:                                                                                    CPT 88307 ??

-                    Right / Left ureter, segmental resections:                                                      CPT 88307

-                    Right / Left ureter, biopsy:                                                                           CPT 88305

-                     

Genitourinary: Diagnosis                                                                       Back to Top

Non-neoplastic:

-                    Renal allograph acute cellular rejection, Banff working classification grade __/3, see note.

-                    Benign transitional urothelial mucosa and submucosa; no dysplasia seen.

-                    End-stage kidney with thyroidization of tubules, marked arterial and arteriolar sclerosis.

-                     

Benign Neoplastic:

-                    Oncocytoma (5 cm), extending into renal parenchyma, Girota's fat margin is free of tumor. See note.

 

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                                                                                         Back to Top   

-                    Renal cell carcinoma (___ cm), conventional type/papillary type/chromophobe type (see comment for Synoptic report).

-                    Renal cell carcinoma ( __ x __ x __ cm), __  type, Fuhrman grade __/4, confined to the kidney,  no angiolymphatic invasion identified.

-                    Renal cell carcinoma, papillary type, with focal clear cell areas, __ cm, confined to the kidney, no angiolymphatic invasion identified.  Vascular and ureteral margins are free of tumor.

-                    Papillary urothelial carcinoma, grade __/3 (papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential \\ papillary urothelial carcinoma, intermediate/high grade, 1998 ISCP-WHO), no invasion seen.  No muscularis propria present.

-                    Flat urothelial atypia of unknown significance

-                    Low-grade intraurothelial neoplasia (flat urothelial dysplasia, 1998 ISCP-WHO)

-                    High-grade intraurothelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ, 1998 ISCP-WHO).

-                    Severe dysplasia (carcinoma in situ, 1998 ISCP-WHO).

-                    Papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential (1998 ISCP-WHO).

-                    Papillary carcinoma, low-grade (1998 ISCP-WHO).

-                    Papillary carcinoma, high-graded (with or without marked anaplasia) (1998 ISCP-WHO).

Papillary carcinoma, low-grade with lamina propria invasion (1998 ISCP-WHO). ??

-                    Papillary carcinoma, high-graded with lamina propria invasion (1998 ISCP-WHO).??

-                     

Genitourinary: Comment                                                                       Back to Top

-                    In specimen __, there are focal atypical glands suspicious for adenocarcinoma.  However, immunohistochemical stain for high molecular weight keratin reveals the presence of basal cells around the atypical glands.  This finding favors benign atrophic changes of the glands.

-                    Immunohistochemical stain for high molecular weight keratin reveals the absence of basal cells around the atypical glands.  This finding confirms the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

-                    Pending clinical history / special stain / additional levels / decalcification / subspecialty consultation / intradepartmental conference.

-                    Patient’s previous biopsy (S-01- ___) is reviewed and compared with the current specimen.

-                    Case discussed with Dr. ___ (clinician) on __ / __ / __.

-                    Case reviewed with Dr. _____ (pathologist, e.g. Farhood).

Case reviewed at intradepartmental quality assurance conference on __ / __ / __.

-                    Dr. ___ (clinician) office is notified about the preliminary diagnosis / case status on __ / __ / __ by ____ (pathologist).

-                    Case sent to (MD. Anderson Cancer Center) for outside consultation and the report will be issued as an addendum.

 

-                    Patient’s previous biopsy (S-01- ___) is reviewed and compared with the current specimen.

-                    Pending clinical history / special stain / additional levels / decalcification / subspecialty consultation / intradepartmental conference.

-                    Case discussed with Dr. ___ (clinician) on __ / __ / __.

-                    Case reviewed with Dr. _____ (pathologist, e.g. Farhood).

-                    Case reviewed at intradepartmental quality assurance conference on __ / __ / __.

-                    Dr. ___ (clinician) office is notified about the preliminary diagnosis / case status on __ / __ / __ by ____ (pathologist).

-                    Case sent to (MD. Anderson Cancer Center) for outside consultation and the report will be issued as an addendum.

 

_____________________________________________

Head and Neck

Head & Neck: Headings                                                                 Back to Top

-                    Sinus content, curettage:

-                    Right and left tonsils, bilateral tonsillectomy:

-                    Right/Left tonsil, tonsillectomy:

-                    Adenoids, excision:

-                    Left eye, enucleation:

-                    Skin, left eyelid, blepharoplasty:

-                     

Head & Neck: Diagnosis                                                                        Back to Top

        Non-Neoplastic:

-                    Sinonasal mucosa with mild chronic inflammation.  Fragments of unremarkable bone and cartilage.

-                    Benign tonsil tissue with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.  Actinomyces present in crypts.  

-                    Benign adenoid tissue with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

-                    Inflammatory polyp of  nose / sinus

-                    Chronic sinusitis

-                    Mucocele.  No squamous dysplasia or carcinoma seen.

-                    Hyperplastic follicular nodule consistent with dominant nodule in nodular goiter.

-                    Multinodular goiter with dominant __ cm hyperplastic nodule with focal ___  features.

-                    Sinonasal papilloma with inverted features, no dysplasia seen.

-                    One normocellular parathyroid.

 

Benign Neoplastic:

-                    Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor) ( __ cm),  extending to deepen/lateral resection margin. \\ resection margins are free of tumor.

-                    Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, low /intermediate/high grade, extending to deepen/lateral resection margin. \\ resection margins are free of tumor.

-                    Medullary thyroid carcinoma, ( __ cm) extending into the peri-thyroidal tissues and focally to the inked surgical resection margin. See note.

Hurtle cell carcinoma, minimally invasive, 2.0 cm. No angiolymphatic invasion identified. Lesion confined to thyroid.

 

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                                                                                         Back to Top

-                    Adenoid cystic carcinoma, __ cm, extending to superior and deep surface of the specimen, final resection margins negative for tumor; Extensive  perineural invasion identified. No lymphovascular invasion seen.

-                     

Head & Neck: Comment                                                                       Back to Top

-                    Pending clinical history / special stain / additional levels / decalcification / subspecialty consultation / intradepartmental conference.

-                    Case discussed with Dr. ___ (clinician) on __ / __ / __.

-                    Case reviewed with Dr. _____ (pathologist, e.g. Farhood).

-                    Case reviewed at intradepartmental quality assurance conference on __ / __ / __.

-                    Dr. ___ (clinician) office is notified about the preliminary diagnosis / case status on __ / __ / __ by ____ (pathologist).

-                    Case sent to (MD. Anderson Cancer Center) for outside consultation and the report will be issued as an addendum.

-                     

 

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic System

Hepatic/Pancreatic: Headings                                                               Back to Top

-                    Pancreas and duodenum, Whipple procedure:                                             CPT 88309

-                    Pancreas, partial pancreactomy:                                                                  CPT 88309

-                    Gallbladder, cholecystectomy:                                                                     CPT88304

-                    Liver, needle core biopsy:                                                                           CPT88307

-                    Donor liver, wedge biopsy:                                                                         CPT88307

-                    Native liver, explant:

-                     

The Hepatic/Pancreatic: Diagnosis                                                       Back to Top

       Non-neoplastic:

-                    Chronic cholecystitis and cholilithiasis.

-                    Chronic cholecystitis and cholesterolosis.

-                    Biliary cirrhosis with occasional paucity of bile ducts consistent with, but not diagnostic of, primary sclerosing cholangitis.

-                    Biliary cirrhosis with paucity of bile ducts, (ANA 1:1280); see note.

-                    Chronic hepatitis, mildly active, consistent with patient’s history of type C hepatitis.

-                    Chronic hepatitis (grade 2/4) with minimal portal fibrosis (stage 0/4).

-                    Cirrhosis of liver with chronic active hepatitis compatible with clinical history of type C hepatitis, see note.

-                    Grade III intrahepatocellular hemosiderin deposition, see note.

-                    Steatohepatitis, moderately active.  No granuloma, viral inclusion or Mallory body identified.  No significant portal fibrosis.

-                    Liver cirrhosis and mild/ moderate/ severe chronic hepatitis (grade __/4, stage 4/4), consistent with patient's clinical history of type C hepatitis (see comment for ref.).  - Regenerative liver nodule with focal steatosis. - No carcinoma is identified. - Unremarkable main hepatic biliary tract.  - No increased iron deposition. PAS-D stain is negative.  

-                    Moderate centrilobular hepatocytic ballooning and cholestasis and mild acute cholangitis and pericholangitis consistent with ischemic/reperfusion injury. No changes of acute cellular rejection seen.

-                    Consistent with acute cellular rejection.  A minor component of recurrent hepatitis C cannot be excluded.

-                    Changes consistent with a minimally active hepatitic process.

-                    Most consistent with recurrent hepatitis (grade ¾, stage 2/4) with possibly superimposed mild acute rejection.  Clinical correlation is recommended.

-                     

 

Benign Neoplastic:

-                    Focal nodular hyperplasia (__ cm), liver.

-                     

       Malignant Neoplastic:                                                      Back to Top

-                    Invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (__ cm), ________ type well/moderately/poorly differentiated, the resection margins are free of tumor (see Comment for Synoptic report).

-                    Mucinous cystic neoplasm of pancreas (mucinous cystadenoma) (3.0 cm) with ovarian-type stroma.

-                    Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia involving ampulla and large and small pancreatic ducts, present at the shaved pancreatic margin \ the pancreatic resection margins is free of the tumor.  No invasive carcinoma identified.  Focal chronic pancreatitis.

-                    Islet cell tumor, low-grade, with cystic degeneration (7 cm), pancreas.

-                    Hepatocellular carcinoma (3.8 cm), moderate to poorly differentiated, with vascular invasion, margin of resection free of tumor.

-                    Hepatocellular carcinoma ( __ cm), right / left lobe, predominantly compact pattern with focal pseudoglandular pattern, well / moderately / poorly differentiated (Grade __/III of Edmondson and Steiner) arising in cirrhotic liver, with  intrahepatic vascular invasion; hilar vascular and bile duct margins are free of tumor, (see Comment for Tumor Synoptic Report).

-                     

The Hepatic/Pancreatic: Comment                                                        Back to Top

-                    Batts KP, Ludwig J.: Chronic hepatitis.  An update on terminology and reporting. 

Am J Pathol 19:1409-1417, 1995.  (Ref. for chronic hepatitis)

-                    These changes are complex and may represent more than one underlying etiologies.  Cholestasis along with foam cell aggregates and particularly bile duct injury are most consistent with chronic rejection, however, biliary obstruction and drug induced injury (less favored) can not be excluded.

-                    The presence of plasma cells in the infiltrate and central venulitis raise the possibility of de novo autoimmune hepatitis.  Correlating serologic studies are indicated.

-                    Although, in view of the clinical history of hepatic artery thrombosis, ischemic cholangitis is the most plausible diagnosis, a component of recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis is also strongly suspected.

 

 

_____________________________________________

Bone Marrow and Lymphoid

Lymphoid: Headings                                                                               Back to Top

-                    Right and left tonsils, bilateral tonsillectomy:

-                    Right/Left tonsil, tonsillectomy:

 

Lymphoid: Diagnosis                                                                             Back to Top

       Non-Neoplastic:

-                    Follicular lymphoma, nodular, predominantly small cleaved cell, grade 1(REAL Classification). See note.

-                    Benign tonsil tissue with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.  Actinomyces present in the crypts.

-                    Benign tonsil tissue with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.  No squamous dysplasia seen.

 

 

       Benign Neoplastic:

-                    Atypical lymphoid proliferation, pending flow cytometry and immunohistochemical stains.

-                     

 

       Malignant Neoplastic:                                                      Back to Top

-                    Follicular lymphoma, nodular, predominantly small cleaved cell, grade 1(REAL Classification). See note.

-                    Follicular lymphoma, mixed small and large cell (grade 2), follicular  growth pattern, see microscopic description.

-                    Classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis type.

-                    Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma / adenocarcinoma in ___ of ___ lymph nodes with extracapsular extension.

-                     

Lymphoid: Comment                                                                                     Home

 

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive: Headings                                                               Back to Top

-                    Right / Left testis, orchiectomy:                                                                    CPT 88309 (tumor) or 88307 (non-neoplastic)

-                    Right / Left testis, orchiectomy        (castration)                                           CPT 88302

-                    Left testis and spermatic cord, orchiectomy:

-                    Right / Left testis, needle biopsy:                                                                 CPT 88307 (tumor) or 88305 (non-neoplastic)

-                    Prostate, right / left side, needle biopsy:

-                    Prostate (prostatic chips), transurethral resection                                         CPT 88305

-                    Prostate, partial resection:                                                                           CPT 88307

-                    Prostate, radical prostatectomy:                                                                  CPT 88309

-                    Penis, foreskin, circumcision:

-                    Tunica vaginalis, left, hydrocelectomy:

-                    Vas deferens, left, vasectomy:

-                    Urinal bladder, mucosal biopsy:                                                                   CPT 88305

-                    Urinary bladder, partial / total cystectomy:                                                   CPT 88309

-                    Mass of urinary bladder, resection:                                                              CPT 88305

-                     

Male Reproductive: Diagnosis                                                              Back to Top

       Non-Neoplastic:

-                    Benign prostatic tissue with focal glandular atrophy and focal chronic/acute inflammation.

-                    Benign prostatic tissue with glandular and stromal hypertrophy (benign prostatic hypertrophy).

-                    Bladder mucosa with marked acute and chronic inflammation and giant cell reaction consistent with patient’s clinical history of BCG treatment, no residual tumor is identified (see comment).

-                    Benign bladder mucosa with chronic inflammation, no dysplasia seen.

-                    Benign bladder mucosa with cystitis gladularis / cystica, no dysplasia seen.

-                     

       Benign Neoplastic:

-                    Mature teratoma (__ cm), confined to the testis associated with  intratubular germ cell neoplasia. No involvement of the rete testes or spermatic cord by tumor. See note.

-                    Focal atypical glands, favoring atrophy (see comment).

Benign prostatic tissue with focal acute and chronic inflammation and glandular atrophy.

Focal atypical glands suspicious for but not diagnostic of adenocarcinoma.

-                     

       Malignant Neoplastic:                                                      Back to Top

Testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, predominantly yolk sac tumor / embryonal carcinoma / choriocarcinoma, __ cm; resection margins negative for tumor, see note.  Intratubular germ cell neoplasia is present.

-                    Embryonal carcinoma (2.5 cm) with angiolymphatic invasion, focally involving rete testis and invading into but not through tunica albuginea. Intratubal (in-situ) germ cell neoplasm is present.  The spermatic cord section margin is free of tumor.   

-                    Mixed germ cell (embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor), 1.5 cm, involving the rete testis, with angiolymphatic invasion. The tunica albuginea is free of tumor. The spermatic cord, including its margin, is free of tumor.  Intratubular germ cell neoplasia is identified.

Seminomas, classic type, __ cm, involving rete testis, confined to testis; tunica albuginea, spermatic cord, including its margin, are free of tumor. No vascular invasion is identified. Intratubular germ cell neoplasia is identified.

-                    Prostatic adenocarcinoma, Gleason Score __ ( __ + __), present in __ of __ biopsy cores, __ mm of combined tumor line length, involving __ % of total tissue volume, with (no) perineural invasion.

-                    Prostatic adenocarcinoma, Gleason Score __ ( __ + __), __ mm, present in one of __ biopsy cores, involving __ % of total tissue volume, with (no) perineural invasion.

-                     

Male Reproductive: Comment                                                              Back to Top

 

Mediastinum

Mediastinum: Headings                                                                         Back to Top

 

Mediastinum: Diagnosis                                                                        Back to Top

 

Mediastinum: Comment                                                                        Back to Top

 

Neuroendocrine System

Neuroendocrine: Headings                                                                   Back to Top

-                    Pancreas and duodenum, Whipple procedure:                                             CPT 88309

-                    Pancreas, partial pancreactomy:                                                                  CPT 88309

Thyroid, right / left lobe and isthmus, partial thyroidectomy:                                     CPT 88307

-                    Thyroid, total thyroidectomy / lobectomy:                                                    CPT 88307

-                    Right / Left adrenal gland, partial/ total adrenectomy:                                   CPT 88307

-                     

Neuroendocrine: Diagnosis                                                                  Back to Top

       Non-Neoplastic:

-                    Multinodular goiter with dominant cellular hyperplastic nodule ( __ cm).

-                     

Benign Neoplastic:

-                    Adrenal pheochromocytoma ( __ cm), completely confined within the adrenal  capsule, see note.

-                    Parathyroid adenoma ( __ cm, __ g).

-                     

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                                                                                         Back to Top

-                    Papillary thyroid carcinoma (1.5 cm) with extrathyroidal extension and lymphovascular invasion; carcinoma abuts ink margin of resection.

-                    Papillary thyroid carcinoma ( __ cm), with extension through tumor capsule into perithyroidal soft tissue and present less than __ cm from the inked surgical margin.

-                    Papillary carcinoma of thyroid (follicular variant) in two small foci ( __ mm and __ mm, respectively), confined to thyroid.

-                    Olfactory neuroblastoma, focally extending to the tissue edge. See note.

-                    Medullary thyroid carcinoma, __ cm, extending to extra thyroid soft tissue / confined to thyroid. No angiolymphatic invasion identified.

-                    Carcinoid tumor of _____  (__ x __ X __ cm), invading into but not through muscularis propia with angiolymphatic invasion.  \\  the resection margins are free of tumor. Metastasis to __ of __ (_/__) lymph nodes.

 

 

Neuroendocrine: Comments                                                                 Back to Top

 

ObGyn System

ObGyn: Headings                                                                                   Back to Top

Endometrium, biopsy:

-                    Endometrium, curettage:

Uterine cervix, biopsy at __ o’clock:

-                    Uterine cervix, cone biopsy:

-                    Uterine cervix, LEEP:

Endocervix, biopsy:

-                    Endocervix, curettage:

-                    Uterus, cervix, bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries, TAH-BSO:

Uterus, cervix, left/write/fallopian tube and ovary, TAH-salpingo-oophorectomy:

Right / Left fallopian tubes, segmental salpingectomy:

Right / Left ovary, oophorectomy

 

ObGyn: Diagnosis                                                                                  Back to Top

Non-neoplastic:

Benign inflamed endocervical polyp.

-                    Benign cervical transitional zone mucosa with chronic inflammation and squamous metaplasia.  No HBV change or dysplasia seen. 

-                    Benign ectocervical mucosa with marked chronic inflammation / follicular cervicitis.  No HBV change or squamous dysplasia seen. 

-                    Ectocervical mucosa with condyloma, no squamous dysplasia seen. 

-                    Benign inflamed endometrial polyp. 

-                    Benign early / late proliferative phase endometrial, no hyperplasia or atypia seen. 

-                    Benign early / mid / late secretory phase endometrium, day __ - __ (POD __ - __), no hyperplasia or atypia seen. 

Benign inactive endometrium, no hyperplasia or atypia seen. 

-                    Benign weekly proliferative endometrium, no hyperplasia or atypia seen. 

-                    Benign disordered proliferative endometrium, no hyperplasia or atypia seen. 

-                    Benign endocervical polyp with immature squamous metaplasia. 

-                    Proliferative endometrium with focal simple hyperplasia with / without atypia.  .

-                    Complex hyperplasia with / without atypia. 

-                    Fragments of benign endometrium, no hyperplasia or atypia seen. 

-                    Benign ovary with corpus luteum and simple cysts.

-                    Fallopian tube, completely transected, with no histological abnormality identified.

-                     

Benign Neoplastic:                                                                                                                              Back to Top

-                    Focal mild / moderate / severe squamous dysplasia (CIN __ /III) and condyloma. 

-                    Ectocervical mucosa with condyloma, no squamous dysplasia identified. 

-                    Ectocervical mucosa with mild chronic inflammation, no HPV change or squamous dysplasia identified.         

-                    Mature cystic teratoma (__ cm) with focal _____ differentiation. 

-                    Leiomyomas with degenerative changes, and adenomyomas, uterine corpus.

Benign endometrial polyp.

Adult granulosa cell tumor ( __ cm), completely encapsulated.        

-                    Ovarian mature cystic teratoma, __ cm, with elements of skin, respiratory epithelium, gastrointestinal epithelium, and smooth muscle, with exuberant granulation tissue and hemosiderin laden macrophages, see note.      

 

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                                                                                         Back to Top

-                    Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT) (carcinosarcoma) ( __ cm) with homologous / heterologous components involving fallopian tube, peritubal soft tissue, and ovary.      

Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).

Endometrial carcinoma arising in a background of complex hyperplasia with atypia.

Endometrioid carcinoma, superficial non-invasive (exophytic papillary AIS), villoglandular type, involving __ % of anterior / posterior endometrium, confined in uterus.      

Endometrial adenocarcinoma, endometrioid type, FIGO grade  __, involving __ % of myometrium (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis).         

Ovarian serous / mucinous tumor of low malignant potential, __ cm, of the ovary, with   focal atypia (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis ).        

Ovarian serous / mucinous carcinoma ( __ cm), well / moderately / poorly differentiated, FIGO grade __, with extensive stromal invasion (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis).

Invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma / adenocarcinoma ( __ cm), well / moderately / poorly differentiated, grade __, extending ___ cm into the cervical wall, with angiolymphatic invasion, present at the resection margins (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis).

-                     

ObGyn: Comment                                                                                  Back to Top

 

Respiratory System

Pulmonary: Headings                                                                            Back to Top

Bronchus, left main, biopsy:

Lung, left / right upper lobe, lingula, biopsy:

Lung, left upper / lower lobe, lobectomy:

Left / right lower lobe of the lung, transbronchial biopsy

Left / right upper lung, transbronchial biopsy:

Visceral pleura, left side, biopsy:

Left pleura, biopsy:

 

Pulmonary: Diagnosis                                                                           Back to Top

      Pulmonary: Non-Neoplastic

Unremarkable bronchial mucosa.

Benign unremarkable bronchial mucosa and focally collapsed lung parenchyma with mild interstitial fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate.

Benign aerated lung parenchyma with focal hemosiderin-laden macrophages.  No granuloma or carcinoma seen.

Mild interstitial fibrosis. No carcinoma is identified.

Marked necrotizing granulomatous pleuritis focally extending into the lung parenchyma.  Special stain for mycobacteria is negative.

Non-caseating granulomatous inflammation.  Special stain for mycobacteria and fungal microorganisms are negative

      Pulmonary: Benign Neoplastic

 

            Pulmonary: Malignant Neoplastic:                                                        Back to Top

Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid) ( __ cm), extending to bronchial resection margin \\ present at __ cm from the resection margin in. \\ the resection margin is free of tumor.  CPT 88309

-                    Invasive squamous cell carcinoma ( __ cm), well / moderately / poorly differentiated, extending to bronchial resection margin \\ present at __ cm from the resection margin in. \\ the resection margin is free of tumor (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis). CPT 88309

-                    Invasive adenocarcinoma ( __ cm), ____ type, well / moderately / poorly differentiated, extending to bronchial resection margin \\ present at __ cm from the resection margin in. \\ the resection margin is free of tumor (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis). CPT 88309

-                    Invasive undifferentiated carcinoma ( __ cm), small cell / large cell type, extending to bronchial resection margin \\ present at __ cm from the resection margin in. \\ the resection margin is free of tumor (see Comment for Tumor Synopsis).         CPT 88309

-                     

Pulmonary: Comment                                                                            Back to Top

 

 

Bone and Joint

Bone & Joint: Headings                                                                         Back to Top

-                    Intervertebral disc, L__- S__, laminectomy:

-                    Bone and cartilage, left hip, arthroplasty:

-                    Bone tumor, left metacarpal, curettage:   

-                    Femoral head, resection:                                   

-                    Finger, left index, amputation:

-                    Left / Right leg, BKA (below the knee amputation):

-                    Left / Right lower extremity, AKA (above the knee amputation):

-                    Bone and cartilage, left knee, arthroplasty:

-                     

Bone & Joint: Diagnosis                                                                        Back to Top

      Non-neoplastic:

-                    Fragments of degenerated fibrocartilage, and perispinal soft tissue.

-                    Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis).

-                    Geographic hemorrhage and necrosis consistent with avascular necrosis.

-                    Synovium-lined benign cyst consistent with Baker’s cyst.

-                    Gangrene without ulcer. Soft tissue resection margins are viable and free of inflammation and necrosis.

-                    Gangrene with ulcer and marked atherosclerosis with mural calcification and luminal stenosis (80%).  The resection margins are viable and free of inflammation and necrosis

-                     

      Benign neoplastic:

-                    Low grade chondrocartilaginous neoplasm (enchondroma), highly fragmented.

-                    Enchondroma.

 

      Malignant neoplastic:

 

Bone & Joint: Comment                                                                        Back to Top

 

 

Skin: Neoplasm

Skin Neoplasm: Headings                                                                     Back to Top

-                    Skin, ____, shave biopsy:

-                    Skin, ____, punch biopsy:

-                    Skin, ____, excision:

-                     

Skin: Diagnosis                                                                                      Back to Top

Non-neoplastic:

-                    Fibroepithelial polyp (acrochodon or skin tag), irritated and inflamed.

-                     

Benign neoplastic:                                                                           Back to Top

-                     

-                    Actinic keratosis

-                    Compound nevus, melanocytic type.

-                    Dermal / Compound nevus with neurotization.

-                    Dermal / Junctional / Compound nevus with focal mild / moderate cytologic atypia, focally pigmented.

-                    Dermatofibroma

-                    Eccrine hidrocystoma.

-                    Follicular infundibular cyst (epidermal inclusion cyst)

-                    Intradermal nevus, melanocytic type, completely excised.

-                    Junctional nevus, melanocytic type.

-                    Juvenile xanthogranuloma

-                    Papillary hidradenoma.

-                    Psoriasiform dermatitis

-                    Pyogenic granuloma

-                    Sebaceous hyperplasia

-                    Seborrheic keratosis, pigmented.

-                    Skin tag (fibroepithelial polyp)

-                    Skin with scar

-                    Solar elastosis

-                    Solar Lentigo

-                    Spongiotic dermatitis with intracorneal Microabscess (see comment).

-                    Squamous papilloma

-                    Superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic dermatitis

-                    Superficial perivascular dermatitis with eosinophils

 

Malignant neoplastic:                                                                          Back to Top

-                    Basal cell carcinoma, nodular / superficial / morphea type, extending to deep / lateral resection margin. \\ resection margins are free of tumor.

-                    Invasive squamous carcinoma ( __ cm), well / moderately / poorly differentiated. extending to deepen/lateral resection margin. \\ resection margins are free of tumor.

-                    Invasive and tumorgenic malignant melanoma, Clark level IV, Breslow thickness 0.94 mm, the excision margins are free of tumor see Comment for Tumor Synopsis).

-                    Pilomatrixoma.

-                     

Skin: Comment                                                                                      Back to Top

 

Skin: Inflammatory

Soft Tissue

Soft Tissue: Headings                                                                           Back to Top

 

Soft Tissue: Diagnosis                                                                          Back to Top

Non-neoplastic:

Mesothelium-lined fibrofatty tissue consistent with hernia sac.

Soft tissue, right inguinal region, herniorrhaphy:

 

Benign Neoplastic:

Fibrovascular tissue with reactive mesothelium consistent with hernia sac.

Mature adipose tissue consistent with lipoma.

Lipoma with fat necrosis.

-                    Nodular Fasciitis.

-                    Pyogenic granuloma.

-                    Granular cell tumor, __ cm, margins of excision free of tumor / focally extending to inked resection margin..

-                    Hemangiopericytoma, Reticulin stain supports the diagnosis.

-                    Glomus tumor.

-                    Cavernous Hemangioma.

-                     

Malignant Neoplastic:                                                                               Back to Top

- Dermatofibrosarcoma prutubran, extending to deep/lateral resection margins \\ resection margins are free of tumor.

-                    Granular cell tumor ( __ cm), extending to deep/lateral resection margins \\ resection margins are free of tumor.

-                    Capillary hemangioma, extending to inked margin. See note.

-                    Synovial sarcoma, monophasic / biphasic, grade __/III.

-                    Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), grade __/III.

-                    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) with myxoid features, grade __/III.

-                     

Soft Tissue: Comment                                                                           Back to Top

 

_____________________________________________

Synopsis of  Invasive Breast Cancer                                                   Back to Top

 

Specimen Submitted: ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ___ Lumpectomy.                    ___ Modified mastectomy.      

                                                            ___ Radical mastectomy           ___ Other (specify): _______.

 

Specimen Dimensions:           ____ cm X  _____ cm X  _____ cm.

 

Tumor Size/Extent:     ____ cm X  _____ cm X  _____ cm.

 

Histologic Type:         ___ Lobular.                            ___ Ductal

                                                ___ Mucinous                          ___ Comedo type.

                                                ___ Medullary                          ___ Micropapillary

                                                ___                                          ___ Tubular     

                                                ___ Other (specify): __________________________________

 

Histologic Grade:       ___ I                ___ I I              ___ III

 

Nuclear Grade:           ___ I.               ___ II.              ___ III.

 

Angiolymphatic Invasion:      ___ absent.                  ___ present

 

Extensive intraductal Component:    ___ absent       ___ present

 

Location of Calcifications (for mammographically detected lesions; include all that apply):

            ___ invasive cancer.     ___ ductal carcinoma in situ.     ___ benign breast tissue

 

Margins of Excision:

            Type of evaluation:        ___ breadloafed                       ___ shaved

 

            Invasive Cancer:          

                                    ___ absent.      ___ closest distance to margin.              ___ present

            Ductal Carcinoma-in-Situ:

                                    ___ absent.      ___ closest distance to margin.              ___ present

 

Axillary Lymph Nodes:

            ___ number evaluated.  ___ number positive.    Size of largest metastasis: ____ cm.

 

Estrogen Receptor:

Progestrone Receptor:

Her-2/Neu oncoprotein:

 

_____________________________________________

Synopsis of Cervix Carcinoma                                                             Back to Top

 

Specimen submitted:

            ___ Simple       ___ Radical          ___ Vaginal              ___ Hystererectomy         ___ BSO

                                                                                               

Histologic type:

            ___ Squamous cell carcinoma               ___ Adenocarcinoma

            ___ Other (specify): _______________

            ___ No residual tumor identified (Refer to previous specimen # ______)

Grade:             ___ I                ___ II;              ___      III

 

Tumor diameter (horizontal spread):            ___  cm measured on the slides

 

Depth of invasion:                  ___ cm

 

Angiolymphatic invasion:      ___ present                 ___  not identified

 

Parametrium: ___ Free of tumor                    ___ Positive for tumor  ___ NA

Margins:

     Soft tissue margins:  ___ Free of tumor        ___ Positive for tumor ___ NA

     Vaginal cuff:             ___ Free of tumor        ___ Positive for tumor              ___  NA

            Other (specify):

 

Uterus:            ___ Free of tumor                                ___ NA         

                                    Tumor involves (specify):

 

Omentum:       ___ Free of tumor                                ___ Positive for tumor

                                    ___ None submitted

 

 

Lymph nodes:             ___ none submitted

            Site                                                      # evaluated                               # positive

            _________                              ______                                    ______

            _________                              ______                                    ______

            _________                              ______                                    ______

            _________                              ______                                    ______

 

 

Other Extrapelvic Organs (specify):  _______________________________

 

Peritoneal washings:                                      ___ none submitted

            Cytology dx (refer to C#               ):      ___ Negative                ___ Atypical    

                                                                                    ___ Suspicious             ___ Positive

Other comments:

_____________________________________________

Colorectal Carcinoma Synopsis                                                            Back to Top

 

Location:

            ___ Cecum      ___ Transverse colon               ___ Sigmoid colon                   

            ___ Rectum      ___ Descending colon              ___ Ascending colon                ___ Anal canal

 

Gross type:                 Polypoid           Ulcerative         Diffusely infiltrative       

Plaque              Annular or constricting (including linitis plastica)

 

Tumor dimension:      ___ cm x ___ cm x ____ cm.

 

Assessment of the Margins:

Proximal margin:                                   ___  free of tumor.        ___ involved by the tumor

Distal margin:                                        ___  free of tumor.        ___ involved by the tumor

Radio margin (recta tumors only):          ___  free of tumor.        ___ involved by the tumor

 

Proximity to nearest margin:                  ___ cm

 

Extent of involvement:

Obstruction (proximal dilation):             ___ No                        ___ Yes

Perforation of bowel:                            ___ No                        ___ Yes

Serosal puckering:                                ___ No                        ___ Yes

Mass/nodule in pericolic fat:                  ___ No                        ___ Yes,  largest =  ____ cm.  

Presence of mesenteric deposits:           ___ No                        ___ Yes

 

Histological type:

            - Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. Well differentiated / Moderately differentiated / Poorly differentiated

            - Mucinous carcinoma              - Signet ring carcinoma             - Adenosquamous carcinoma               

            - Small cell (oat cell)                 - Undifferentiated carcinoma     - Other

 

Depth of invasion:

            - into submucosa (T1)                          

            - into muscularis propria (T2)

            - Through muscularis propria and into submucosa of fat or pericolic perirectal adipose tissue (T3)

            - Reaching the serosa or peritoneal surface (T4)

            - Into adjacent organs (T4), specify ____________

 

Angiolymphatic invasion:

            Intramural angiolymphatic invasion:                    ___ No                        ___ Yes

            Invasion of extramural veins:                              ___ No                        ___ Yes

 

Lymph nodes:                                     Number positive                                               Total number submitted

< 10 cm from tumor                  __________                                                                ______

> 10 cm from tumor                  __________                                                                ______

Status of highest mesenteric lymph node (if identified by searching): __________

 

Tissue submitted for special investigation:

 

Other comments:

_____________________________________________

Endometrial Carcinoma Synopsis                                                Back to Top

Specimen submitted:   ______Simple  ______Radical  ______Hysterectomy  ______BSO

Tumor size:  Greatest dimension ___________cm

Histologic type:

            _____Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma                 _____With squamous differentiation

            _____Papillary serous CA                     _____Clear cell CA

            _____Mixed carcinoma (specify types and %): ___________________

            _____Undifferentiated carcinoma                      _____Carcinosarcoma

Grade:

            _____FIGO Grade:       I           II          III

            _____Nuclear Grade (for serous and clear cell CA only):            I           II          III

            _____Grade of epithelial component (for carcinosarcoma):          I           II          III

Hyperplasia in non-neoplastic endometrium:  _____Absent  _____Simple  _____Complex

Lymphatic/Vascular space invasion:       _____Absent    _____Present

Depth of myometrial invasion:

            _____No myometrial invasion, tumor limited to endometrium

            _____Invasion up to or less than one half of myometrium

            _____Invasion to more than one half of myometrium

            _____10% _____20% _____30% _____40% _____50% _____75% _____>75% _____of myometrium

Serosa free of tumor:     _____Yes        _____No

Cervix:

            _____Free of tumor

            _____Tumor involves endocervical glands in situ

            _____Tumor invades cervical stroma

Bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes:

            _____Free of tumor

            _____Tumor involves _____right ovary  _____right fallopian tube

            _____Tumor involves _____right ovary  _____left fallopian tube

Omentum:

            Free of tumor:  _____Yes  _____No  _____None submitted

Lymph nodes:

            _____Pelvic:   number evaluated _____;  number positive _____;  none submitted_____

            _____Aortic:   number evaluated _____;  number positive _____;  none submitted_____

Peritoneal washings:  _____none submitted

            Cytology dx (refer to C#__________):  _____negative  _____atypical  _____suspicious  _____positive

Comments:

_____________________________________________

Esophageal Carcinoma Synopsis                                         Back to Top

 

Type of procedure:

            ___ Local excision:

            ___ Radical resection (specify type): ____________________________________

 

Location of tumor:

            A.  Confined to esophagus: ___ Lower 1/3;      ___ Mid 1/3;    ___  Upper 1/3                                                                                      ___ Unknown (for local excisions).

            B. Involvement of GEJ:             ___ Yes                       ___ No

Dimensions of tumor: ___ cm.

 

Esophageal obstruction:                     ___ Yes                       ___ No

 

Esophageal perforation:                     ___ Yes                       ___ No

 

Tumor configuration: ___  Exophytic (fungating);

                                                ___ Endophytic (ulcerative);                 ___ Diffusely infiltrative

 

Histologic type:

            ___ Squamous cell                   ___ Verrucous             ___ Adenoid cystic      

            ___ Adenocarcinoma               ___ Spindle cell            ___ Undifferentiated

            ___ Adenosquamous                ___ Small cell               ___ Mucoepidermoid

 

Histologic grade (for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma only):

            ___ Well-differentiated                         ___ Moderately differentiated            

            ___ Poorly differentiated                                   ___ Mucinous  (for adenocarcinomas only)

            (WD: > 75% differentiated; MD: 26-74% differentiated; PD: < 25% differentiated;

            Mucinous neoplasms: > 50% mucinous component).

 

Depth of  invasion:

            ___ Carcinoma in situ (Tis)                               ___ Tumor invades muscularis propria (T2)

            ___ Tumor invades lamina propria (T1a)                       ___ Tumor invades adventitia (T3)

            ___ Tumor invades submucosa (T1b)               ___ Tumor invades adjacent structures (T4)

 

Precursor lesion and other related changes:

            ___ Barrett’s                ___ Dysplasia

 

Lymphatic-vascular invasion:            ___ Yes                       ___ No

 

Margins of excision:

            Proximal:                      ___ Positive     ___ Negative    ___ Closest extent: _____ cm.

            Distal                ___ Positive     ___ Negative    ___ Closest extent: _____ cm.

            Radial (deep)    ___ Positive     ___ Negative    ___ Closest extent: _____ cm.

 

Regional lymph nodes:                       ___ Total number             ___ Number with metastases

Distant metastases:   ___ No.          ___ Yes (give site):       ___ Cannot assess.

_____________________________________________

Gastric Carcinoma Synopsis                                                 Back to Top

 

Site of the tumor:

            __ Upper 1/3 (cardia & fundus)            __ Middle 1/3 (bulk of corpus)

            __ Lower 1/3 (pylorus and antrum)

 

Gross type:

            ___ Plaque       ___ Polypoid                ___ Diffuse infiltrative (linitis plastica)

            ___ Fungating   ___ Ulcerated              ___ Other (specify): ______________

 

Dimensions:            ___ cm x     ___ cm x      ___   cm

 

Distance to resection margins:

            ___ cm  from/   ___ tumor at     the proximal margin

            ___ cm  from/   ___ tumor at     the distal margin

 

Histological Type:

            ___ Adenocarcinoma, NOS, ___ well-             ___ moderately                 ___ poorly-differentiated

            ___ Papillary adenocarcinoma                          ___ Tubular adenocarcinoma.

            ___  Signet ring cell ca (>50%)                                     ___ Mucinous carcinoma (>50%)

            ___ Adenosquamous carcinoma                                   ___ Small cell carcinoma other, specify

            ___ Squamous cell carcinoma                           ___ Undifferentiated carcinoma

            ___ Other, specify: __________________

 

Precursor lesion:        ___ Absent                              ___ Present (specify__________________ ).

 

Pattern of growth:       ___ Expansive.                        ___ Infiltrative.

 

Depth of invasion:      ___ Carcinoma in situ

                                                ___ Into lamina propria or submucosa (Ti)

                                                ___ Into muscularis propria or subserosa (T2)

                                                ___ Through serosa (visceral peritoneum) (T3)

___ Into adjacent structures, i.e. spleen, colon, liver, diaphragm, pancreas, abdominal wall, etc.(T4)

*Intramural extension to the duodenum or esophagus is classified by the depth of greatest invasion in any of these sites including stomach.

 

Vascular/lymphatic invasion:             ___ Yes            ___ No

Perineural invasion:                           ___ Yes            ___ No

Lymph node:              ___ Total number submitted

                        ___ Number positive within 3 cm of the edge of the primary tumor (Nl)s

                        ___ Number positive > 3 cm from the edge of the primary tumor (N2).

 

Specifically designated lymph nodes:

            Along the          ___ left gastric,             ___ common hepatic,

                                    ___  splenic, or             ___ celiac arteries (N2)

            Other intra-abdominal lymph nodes (M) , specify: ___________________________

 

_____________________________________________

Lung Carcinoma Synopsis                                                              Back to Top

 

Specimen Submitted:

 

Site of the Tumor:

 

Size of the Tumor: __ x __ x __  cm

 

Histological Type:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma____

Adenocarcinoma:          NOS____         Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma____

Undifferentiated Carcinoma____:          Small Cell Type____     Large Cell type____

Other__________________________

 

Histological Grade:

Well Differentiated____

Moderately Differentiated____

Poorly Differentiated____

 

Surgical Margins:

Bronchial:         Negative____   Positive____

Vascular:          Negative____   Positive____

 

Pleural Involvement

None____

Tumor invading into but not through visceral pleura____

Tumor invading through visceral pleura without involving

parietal pleura____

Tumor invading through visceral pleura into parietal pleura____

 

Vascular Invasion:         Absent____      Present____

 

Lymph Nodes:

Location:           ____    ____    ____    ____

Number Evaluated:        ____    ____    ____    ____

Number Positive:           ____    ____    ____    ____

 

Non-Neoplastic Lung:

No diagnostic abnormalities recognized____

Bronchopneumonia____

Granulomatous inflammation____

Emphysema____

Other____

 

Comments:

 

_____________________________________________

Malignant Melanoma Synopsis                                             Back to Top

 

Anatomic Site:________________________________

Type:_________Superficial Spreading

                        _________Nodular

                        _________Lentigo Maligna

                        _________Other (Specify) _______________________

Clark’s Level:_________

Greatest Thickness: _________________mm

Radical Growth Phase: ____Absent                  ____Present

Vertical Growth Phase: ____Absent                 ____Present

Margins:

            Biopsies

                        ____Extending to the tissue edges

                        ____Not extending to the tissue edges in the tissue planes examined

            Elliptical Excisions

                        ____Completely excised: measurement to closet

                        side resection margin: __________mm

                        ____Extending to inked side and deep resection margins

 

Complete following only if VGPP

 

Mitoses: ____Absent

            ____Present, up to _____________per square mm

 

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: ________Absent

                        ________Present, Non-brisk

                        ________Present, Brisk

 

Precursor Lesion: ____Absent  _______Present, specify:         

                                   

Secondary changes:

              Ulceration       ____Absent     ____Present

              Regression      ____Absent     ____Present

              Microsatellites            ____Absent     ____Present

 

Other:

 

_____________________________________________

Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Neoplasm Synopsis             Back to Top

 

Specimen Submitted.   

            ___ Hysterectomy        ___ BSO         ___ RSO                     ___ LSO

            ___ Other specify: __________________

 

Primary tumor location: ___ Right ovary        ___ Left ovary              ___ Both ovaries

 

Histological Type:

            ___ Papillary serous carcinoma                         ___ Mucinous adenocarcinoma

            ___ Endometrioid adenocarcinoma       ___ Clear cell adenocarcinoma

            ___ Undifferentiated carcinoma

            ___ Serous tumor of borderline (low) malignant potential

            ___ Mucinous tumor of borderline (low) malignant potential

            ___ Mullerian                                       ___ Intestinal                ___ Other (specify):

 

Grade:                        ___ I                ___ II               ___ III             ___ NA

 

Tumor capsule or ovarian surface:

            ___ Involved by tumor ___ Not involved by tumor       ___ Not identified

 

Fallopian tubes:          ___ Not submitted.

            Right:    ___ Free of tumor        ___ Tumor implants present      ___ None  submitted

            Left:     ___ Free of tumor        ___ Tumor implants present      ___ none submitted

 

Uterus.                        ___ Not submitted

            Serosa:                         ___ Free of tumor        ___ Tumor Implants on uterine serosa

            Endometrium:   ___ Free of tumor        ___ With tumor (specify): _______________.

 

Omentum:       ___  Free of tumor       ___ None submitted

                        ___ Microscopic tumor implants present

                        ___ Macroscopic tumor implants present

 

Lymph nodes: -          ___ none submitted

                        Site                                          # evaluated                               # positive

            _________                              ______                                    ______

            _________                              ______                                    ______

            _________                              ______                                    ______

            _________                              ______                                    ______

Other extrapelvic organs (specify):

 

Peritoneal washings: ___none submitted

Cytology dx (refer to C# _____): ___ negative;   ___ atypical;   ___ suspicious;    ___positive

Other comments:

 

_____________________________________________

Pancreatic Carcinoma Synopsis                                           Back to Top

 

Specimen Submitted:      ____Whipple resection

                        ____Pancreatectomy, partial

Location Tumor:  head____  body____  tail____

Size of Tumor:____  X____  X____

Histologic Type:            Ductal Adenocarcinoma ____               Other, Specify:  ___________________

Histologic Grade

                        Well Differentiated____

                        Moderately differentiated____

                        Poorly Differentiated____

Lymph Nodes:  Draw line through those not included in specimen

                        #total    #positive

            1.         Anterior (ant panc-duod, pyloric)            ____    ____

            2.         Posterior (post panc-duod, common bile duct)      ____    ____

            3.         Superior (sup head and body of pancreas)           ____    ____

            4.         Inferior (inf head and body of pancreas) ____    ____

            5.         Splenic (tail pancreas, hilus spleen)         ____    ____

Vascular invasion:         Absent____      Present____

Perineural invasion:        Absent____      Present____

Invasion of other organs:            Absent____      Present,            Specify________________

Surgical margins:  Draw line through those that do no apply

            Pancreatic:        Negative____   Positive____

            Duodenal:         Negative____   Positive____

            Gastric: Negative____   Positive____

            Common bile duct:         Negative____   Positive____

Comments:

 

_____________________________________________

Prostatic Carcinoma Synopsis                                              Back to Top

 

Specimen type:           ___ Prostate.                ___ Prostate and adnexa                     

                                                ___ Other (specify)

Procedure:                  ___ Radical prostatectomy.      ___ Suprapubic prostatectomy.           

                                                ___ Other (specify).

Tumor type:                ___ Adenocarcinoma.              ___ Other (specify):

Tumor histological grade (Gleason grade):

                        Primary pattern = ___ (1-5);     Secondary pattern = ___ (1-5);    Total score = ___ (2-10).

Tumor Location:         Right:    ___ apex.                     ___ mid.                       ___ base.

                                                Left:     ___ apex.                     ___ mid.                       ___ base.

Tumor Amount (radical prostatectomy):                                                                 

                        Right:                ___ # positive slides;                ___ # total slides.                     Largest size

                        Left:                 ___ # positive slides;                ___ # total slides.                of tumor(measured

                        Dorsal apex:     ___ # positive slides;                ___ # total slides.                   on a single slide):

                        Ventral apex:    ___ # positive slides;                ___ # total slides.                     ________ cm.

Pathologic stage:        ___ Confined to prostate.         ___ extraprostatic extension to ___________.

Angiolymphatic invasion:       ___ Absent.                 ___ Present.

Perineural extension: ___ Absent.                 ___ Present      within  /   outside           prostate.

Surgical margins:        ___ Bladder margin.                 ___ Apex margin.         ___ Capsular margin

Seminal vesicles:        ___ Not involved by tumor.      ___ Not involved by tumor (left  /  right)

 

Lymph nodes:            Total number                # Positive                                 Size of mets

                        Right pelvic:                  __________                ___________                          ____________

                        Right periaortic:            __________                ___________                          ____________

                        Left pelvic:                    __________                ___________                          ____________

                        Left periaortic:  __________                ___________                          ____________

 

_____________________________________________

Renal Carcinoma (Exclusive of Urothelial Neoplasm) Synopsis         Back to Top

 

Specimen Submitted: ___ Partial Nephrectomy                      ___ Radical Nephrectomy

                                                ___ Nephrectomy                    Other (specify): _______

 

Adrenal gland:            ___ Absent.                            

                                                ___ Present ( ___ positive  for tumor.    ___ negative for tumor).

 

Histological Type (refers to AFIP-ATLAS for definition)

     A. Renal Cell Carcinomas:

                        ___ Clear cell type                   ___ Chromophobe type

                        ___ Granular type                     ___ Collecting duct type          

                        ___ Papillary type                     ___ Sarcomatoid type

     B. Other types: ________________________

 

Nuclear Grade:           ___ I;               ___ II;              ___ III;            ___ IV.

 

Tumor Dimension:      ______ cm x   ______ cm x   ______ cm.

 

Margins:

            A. Inked soft tissue margin:       ___ Free of tumor.                   ___ Positive for tumor.

            B. Capsular penetration:                        ___ Absent.                             ___ Present.

            C. Invasion into perinephric fat:             ___ Absent.                             ___ Present.

            D. Renal parenchymal margin (partial nephrectomy only):

                                    ___ NA                       ___ Free of tumor.       ___ Positive for tumor.

            E. Resection margins:

                        Venous:            ___ NA.          ___ Free of tumor.       ___ Positive for tumor.

                        Arterial:            ___ NA.          ___ Free of tumor.       ___ Positive for tumor.

                        Ureteral            ___ NA.          ___ Free of tumor.       ___ Positive for tumor.

Intrarenal invasion:                ___ Absent.     ___ Present ( renal artery  /  renal vein  /  pelvis).

 

Lymph nodes:             ___ None submitted.    ___ # submitted.           ___ # positive for tumor.

_____________________________________________

How to Use Diagnostic Aids for Surgical Pathology                               Back to Top

 

Goals of the program: This program is designed to help you formulate pathology diagnosis and minimize unnecessary clerical work.  It is not designed to make diagnosis for you or help you reach diagnosis.  You should make you own diagnosis based upon your observation, use this program only to help formulate your diagnosis (i.e. exact wording and accepted styles).  The ultimate goal is to facilitate the routine sign-out process, help resident achieve independence, minimize unnecessary clerical work, and standardize pathology report.

 

Suggested Utilization: Residents should read the slides and make their own diagnosis first.  Then, try to formulate their diagnosis with exact headings and words.  As the final step, compare your diagnosis with corresponding diagnosis listed in this program.  Pick one (your own or listed one) and put as your final diagnosis.

 

How to navigate:

Create a temporary notepad by clicking Your Diagnostic Pad

Type the Surgical# of the case you are working on.

Go to the Diagnostic Aids page (by press Alt+Tab, or simply clicking the Diagnostic Aids icon)

Find the organ system and the item you want to look at in the table.

Click the item (which will bring up the full text page for you to review).

Highlight and copy the text that you want to use in your diagnosis.

Go to the temporary notepad (by press Alt+Tab, simply click the notepad icon).

Paste copied text and make necessary modification.

Repeat steps 2-8.  When you are done save the temporary notepad for sign-out.

 

You can also directly paste your diagnosis to Cerner.  This is preferred and encouraged.  In this case, you should open Cerner and the diagnosis page (under “ATR”) for the case you are working on. Perform the same find / copy function in Diagnostic Aids and switch to Cerner to paste the copied text.

 

 

 

 

 

GI Interpretations
PILOT GASTROINTESTINAL BIOPSIES

“MICROSCOPIC/COMMENT”

TEMPLATES

 NOTE: This is a list of “microscopic/comment” templates of the most common GI biopsies diagnoses we encounter in our daily surgical pathology practice. However, in about 20-30% of cases the histologic findings are equivocal, complex, the tissue material insufficient or with extensive artifacts, to warrant a specific diagnosis. Moreover, in some cases the age, clinical, radiological, and/or endoscopic findings are critical for the pathologist to reach an accurate diagnosis. For these reasons, some cases warrant a descriptive diagnosis (i.e. suggestive of) in which the following templates may not be useful or appropriate to use. Also, the following templates reflect my particular style of signing-out cases, which other pathologists might not like or feel comfortable. Changes and modifications on these templates during sign-out should be possible to make them even more useful. (CT)

 

ESOPHAGUS

STOMACH

SMALL INTESTINE

COLON


ESOPHAGUS
E1 MILD ACTIVE ESOPHAGITIS
E2 ACTIVE ESOPHAGITIS
E3 SEVERE ACTIVE ESOPHAGITIS
E4 ALLERGIC ESOPHAGITIS
E5 CMV ESOPHAGITIS
E6 HERPES SIMPLEX ESOPHAGITIS
E7 CANDIDA ESOPHAGITIS
E8 distal,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA
E9 “EGJ”,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA, C/W
E10 distal,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH LOW GRADE DYSPLASIA
E11 distal,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH HIGH GRADE DYSPLASIA
E12 distal,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH AREAS INDEFINITE FOR DYPLASIA
E13 distal,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH INTRAMUCOSAL CARCINOMA
E14 distal,: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA

#TOP


STOMACH
 S1 fundus, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS
S2 antrum, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS
S3 antrum, endoscopic biopsy: SEVERE CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS
S4 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC INACTIVE GASTRITIS
S5 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE EROSIVE GASTRITIS
S6 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: REACTIVE FOVEOLAR HYPERPLASIA
S7 NOS, endoscopic biospsy: LYMPHOCYTIC GASTRITIS
S8 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS, C/W
S9 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: HYPERPLASTIC POLYP
S10 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: JUVENILE POLYP, C/W
S11 fundus, endoscopic biopsy: FUNDIC GLAND POLYP
S12 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ADENOMA
S13 antrum, endoscopic biopsy: INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYP
S14 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA, INTESTINAL TYPE
S15 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA, DIFFUSE TYPE
S16 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MALT LYMPHOMA, C/W
S17 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: GI STROMAL TUMOR OF UNCERTAIN MALIGNANT POTENTIAL
S18 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MALIGNANT GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR
S19 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: XANTHELASMA
S20 antrum, endoscopic biopsy: GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA
S21 fundus, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR

#TOP


SMALL INTESTINE
I1 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: PEPTIC DUODENITIS
I2 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: ACTIVE PEPTIC DUODENITIS
I3 jeyjnum, endoscopic biopsy: CELIAC SPRUE
I4 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: WHIPPLE DISEASE
I5 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM INTRACELLULARE ENTERITIS
I6 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ENTERITIS
I7 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: GIARDIASIS
I8 NOS, endoscpic biopsy: MICROSPORIDIUM ENTERITIS
I9 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ISOSPORA ENTERITIS
I10 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: STRONGYLOIDES ENTERITIS
I11 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE ULCERATING ILEITIS, C/W SALMONELLOSIS (TYPHOID FEVER)
I12 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE ULCERATING ILEITIS, C/W YERSINIOSIS
I13 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: TUBERCULOUS ENTERITIS
I14 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ISCHEMIC ENTERITIS
I15 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: EOSINOPHILIC ENTERITIS
I 16 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE ENTERITIS, C/W CROHN’S DISEASE
I17 “ileoanal pouch”, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE POUCHITIS
I18 “ileoanal pouch”, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE POUCHITIS (1)
I19 “ileoanal pouch”, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE POUCHITIS (2)
I20 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: LYMPHANGECTASIA
I21 Small intestine, duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: PANCREATIC HETEROTOPIA
I22 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: GASTRIC HETEROTOPIA
I23 endoscopic biopsy: BRUNNER’S GLAND HYPERPLASIA
I24 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: PEUTZ-JEGHERS POLYP
I25 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR
I26 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR
I27 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: HIGH GRADE NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA
I28 periampullary region, endoscopic biopsy: ADENOMA

#TOP


LARGE INTESTINE
 
C1 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS (1
C2 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS (2
C3 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC INACTIVE COLITIS
C4 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS WITH LOW GRADE DYSPLASIA
C5 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS WITH HIGH GRADE DYSPLASIA
C6 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS WITH AREAS IDEFINITE FOR DYSPLASIA
C7 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ACTIVE COLITIS
C8 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ISCHEMIC COLITIS
C9 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
C10 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: LYMPHOCYTIC COLITIS
C11 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: COLLAGENOUS COLITIS
C12 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MUCOSAL ULCER, NON-SPECIFIC
C13 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: AMEBIC COLITIS
C14 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CMV COLITIS
C15 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: COLONIC SPIROCHETOSIS
C16 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE (GVHD
C17 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: RADIATION COLITIS
C18 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MELANOSIS COLI
C19 diverted segment, endoscopic biopsy: DIVERSION COLITIS
C20 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: HYPERPLASTIC POLYP
C21 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: ADENOMA
C22 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: SERRATED ADENOMA
C23 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: JUVENILE POLYP
C24 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOPOLYP
C25 Cecum, endoscopic biopsy: LIPOMA
C26 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ANGIODYSPLASIA
C27 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: COLONIC ADENOCARCINOMA
C28 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: PEDUNCULATED ADENOMA WITH
INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA (1)
C29 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: PEDUNCULATED ADENOMA WITH
INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA (2)
C30 rectum, endoscopic biopsy: SOLITARY RECTAL ULCER SYNDROME
C31 Anorectal junction, endoscopic biopsy: INFLAMMATORY CLOACOGENIC POLYP
C32 rectosigmoid, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR
C33 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: KERATINIZING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
C34 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
C35 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: HIGH GRADE NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA
C36 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: SMALL CELL UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA

#TOP


ESOPHAGUS

E1 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: MILD ACTIVE ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows squamous mucosa with basal cell hyperplasia, focal squamous ballooning change, and scattered eosinophils infiltrating the squamous epithelium. These findings are consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

#TOP


E2 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: ACTIVE ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows squamous mucosa with basal cell hyperplasia, keratinocyte ballooning change, and eosinophils and neutrophils infiltrating the squamous epithelium. These findings are consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

#TOP


E3 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: SEVERE ACTIVE ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows squamous mucosa with ulceration and prominent eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrates. No fungal organisms or viral cytopathic effects are identified. These findings are consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease, in the proper clinical setting.

#TOP


E4 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: ALLERGIC ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate of the squamous mucosa. These histologic findings and the young age of the patient, are consistent with allergic esophagitis.

#TOP


E5 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: CMV ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows acute inflammation of the squamous mucosa and nuclear viral inclusions surrounded by a clear halo as well as cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, involving stromal and endothelial cells. These features are consistent with CMV infection.

#TOP


E6 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: HERPES SIMPLEX ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows ulceration of the squamous mucosa and keratinocytes with nuclear eosinophilic glassy viral inclusions with occasional multinucleation, consistent with Herpes Simplex infection.

#TOP


E7 Esophagus, endoscopic biopsy: CANDIDA ESOPHAGITIS

The esophageal biopsy shows acute inflammation and GMS-positive fungal yeast and pseudohyphae consistent with Candida species.

#TOP


E8 Esophagus, distal, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA

The esophageal biopsy shows specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia) admixed with squamous mucosa, consistent with Barrett’s esophagus. There is no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy.

#TOP


E9 Esophagus, “EGJ”, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA, C/W

The esophageal biopsy shows squamo-columnar junctional mucosa with focal specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia). These histologic findings are consistent with either long-segment Barrett’s, short-segment Barrett’s, or intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia. Clinical-endoscopic correlation required. There is no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy.

#TOP


E10 Esophagus, distal, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH LOW GRADE

DYSPLASIA

The esophageal biopsy shows specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia) with areas showing glandular pseudostratification by hyperchromatic, enlarged nuclei, with no surface maturation. There is no significant glandular architectural abnormalities or reactive stroma as well as no significant acute inflammation. These histologic findings are consistent with low grade dysplasia arising in Barrett’s mucosa. Close endoscopic surveillance is recommended.

#TOP


E11 Esophagus, distal, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH HIGH GRADE

DYSPLASIA

The esophageal biopsy shows specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia) with areas showing glandular full thickness stratification by hyperchromatic , enlarged nuclei, no surface maturation and glandular architectural abnormalities. No significant glandular cribiforming nor stromal reaction is identified. These histologic findings are consistent with high grade dysplasia arising in Barrett’s mucosa. Close endoscopic surveillance and re-biospsy recommended to rule-out an intramucosal or invasive carcinoma in other areas of Barrett’s mucosa.

#TOP


E12 Esophagus, distal, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH AREAS

INDEFINITE FOR DYPLASIA

The esophageal biopsy shows specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia) with focal areas showing glandular pseudostratification by hyperchromatic, enlarged nuclei.

However, there is partial surface maturation and significant surrounding acute and chronic inflammation. There is no glandular architectural abnormalities and no stromal reaction. These atypical glandular changes may represent low grade dysplasia arising in Barrett’s mucosa or reactive changes secondary to inflammation. Repeat endoscopy with re-biopsy after anti-reflux medication recommended to rule out dysplasia.

#TOP


E13 Esophagus, distal, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH INTRAMUCOSAL

CARCINOMA

The esophageal biopsy shows specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia) with areas showing complex cribiform glands with full thickness stratification by hyperchromatic enlarged nuclei. These areas are confined within the lamina propria. These histologic findings are consistent with intramucosal carcinoma arising in Barrett’ mucosa. Due to the superficial nature of the biopsy, a submucosal invasive component cannot be entirely ruled-out.

#TOP


E14 Esophagus, distal, endoscopic biopsy: BARRETT’S MUCOSA WITH INVASIVE

ADENOCARCINOMA

The esophageal biopsy shows malignant glands surrounded by a desmoplastic stroma infiltrating the submucosa. Areas of specialized-columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia) and dysplasia are present adjacent to the invasive adenocarcinoma. Due to the superficial nature of the biopsy, depth of invasion cannot be determined.

#TOP


STOMACH

 

S1 Stomach, fundus, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

The gastric fundic biopsy shows a marked mucosal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, glandular atrophy with loss of parietal and chief cells, intestinal metaplasia, and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. No Helicobacter pylori organisms are identified. The differential diagnosis includes type “A” autoimmune atrophic gastritis associated with pernicious anemia vs. a type “C” multifocal atrophic gastritis (enviormental type). Clinical correlation required.

#TOP


S2 Stomach, antrum, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS

The gastric antral biopsy shows a marked mucosal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, as well as multifocal areas with glandular neutrophilic infiltrates. Numerous Helicobacter pylori organisms are present. These histologic features are those of HP-induced diffuse antral gastritis (type B gastritis).

#TOP


S3 Stomach, antrum, endoscopic biopsy: SEVERE CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS

The gastric antral biopsy shows a marked mucosal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, as well as severe acute inflammation of the mucosa with focal superficial erosions. Numerous Helicobacter pylori organisms are present. These histologic features are those of a severe HP-induced diffuse antral gastritis (type B gastritis).

#TOP


S4 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC INACTIVE GASTRITIS

The gastric biopsy shows an increase lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the lamina propria. No acute inflammation is present. No Helicobacter pylori organisms are identified. These histologic findings are non-specific, but may be associated with a treated or mild form of Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic antral gastritis.

#TOP


S5 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE EROSIVE GASTRITIS

The gastric biopsy shows multifocal areas of superficial mucosal ischemic necrosis and hemorrage with minimal acute and chronic inflammatory cells. These histologic findings are consistent with either a NSAID’s, alcohol, or stress-induced gastropathy. Clinical correlation required.

#TOP


S6 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: REACTIVE FOVEOLAR HYPERPLASIA

The gastric biopsy shows abundant hyperplastic foveolar glands with reactive nuclear changes, in some areas arranged in a polypoid configuration. There is minimal acute and chronic inflammation. These presence of reactive foveolar hyperplasia may be associated with bile reflux-induced chemical gastropathy, stoma-associated mucosal prolapse, or an adjacent mucosal ulcer or tumor. Clinical correlation required.

#TOP


S7 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biospsy: LYMPHOCYTIC GASTRITIS

The gastric biospy shows a prominent intraepithelial lymphocytosis involving the superficial epithelium and glands, increase lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and hyperplastic foveolar glands. No lymphoepithelial lesions are identified. These histologic findings are consistent with lymphocytic gastritis. This entity may be associated with celiac sprue, Helicobacter pylori infection, or idiopathic. Clinical correlation required.

#TOP


S8 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS, C/W

The gastric biopsy shows a diffuse eosinophilic mucosal infiltrate with prominent glandular involvment by eosinophils. No parasites are identified. These histologic findings are consistent with idiopathic or allergic eosinophilic gastritis in the proper clinical setting. However, other causes of mucosal eosinophilia like parasitic infestation, collagen-vascular diseases, and drug reaction cannot be entirely ruled-out by histology alone. Clinical correlation required.

#TOP


S9 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: HYPERPLASTIC POLYP

The gastric biopsy shows a benign polypoid lesion composed of exuberant, branching and cystic mucus-producing foveolar-type glands surrounded by an edematous, mildly inflamed lamina propria and smooth muscle hyperplasia. There is no evidence of dysplasia.

#TOP


S10 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: JUVENILE POLYP, C/W

The gastric biopsy shows a benign polypoid lesion composed of exuberant, branching and cystic mucus-producing foveolar-type glands surrounded by a markedly inflammed and edematous lamina propria. These histologic findings are consistent with a juvenile polyp in the setting of juvenile polyposis syndrome. If the lesion is a single polyp, the differential diagnosis is with a hyperplastic polyp. Clinical correlation required.

#TOP


S11 Stomach, fundus, endoscopic biopsy: FUNDIC GLAND POLYP

The gastric biopsy shows fundic-type mucosa containing numerous irregular microcysts lined by parietal, chief, and mucous cells.

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S12 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ADENOMA

The gastric biopsy shows a polypoid neoplastic lesion composed of intestinal-type dysplastic glands, lined by pseudostratified, hyperchromatic, overlapping nuclei, with no surface maturation. There is no evidence of invasive carcinoma.

#TOP


S13 Stomach, antrum, endoscopic biopsy: INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYP

The antral biopsy shows a submucosal well circumscribed nodule composed of histiocytes, plump myofibroblastic spindle cells and small vessels, admixed with abundant eosinophils and lymphocytes.

#TOP


S14 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA,

INTESTINAL TYPE

The gastric biopsy shows an infiltrative carcinoma composed of intestinal type malignant glands lined by hyperchromatic, overlapping nuclei and with focal cribiform pattern. Focal areas of residual surface mucosal dysplastic gland and intestinal metaplasia are also present within a background of chronic atrophic gastritis. Due to the superficial nature of the biospy, depth of invasion cannot be determined.

#TOP


S15 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA,

DIFFUSE TYPE

The gastric biopsy shows a poorly differentiated carcinoma composed of diffuse infiltrative aggregates of signet ring and round cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic mucin positive cytoplasm. Due to the superficial and small nature of the biopsy, depth of invasion cannot be determined.

#TOP


S16 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MALT LYMPHOMA, C/W

The gastric biopsy shows a dense polymorphic lymphoid infiltrate composed of centrocyte-like, monocytoid, and plasma cells, with germinal center formation, that diffusely infiltrates the submucosa and mucosa. There are multiple foci of lymphoepithelial lesions. These histologic findings are highly suggestive of a low grade MALT lymphoma. Re-biopsy for molecular studies and clinical/endoscopic correlation recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

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S17 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: GI STROMAL TUMOR OF UNCERTAIN

MALIGNANT POTENTIAL

The gastric biopsy shows a submucosal mass composed of cellular spindle cell fascicles with mild nuclear pleomorphism and occasional mitotic features. The spindle tumor cells are diffusely and strongly for CD-34 and c-kit. Due to the small and superficial nature of the biospy, tumor size and the presence of tumor necrosis cannot be well documented. Therefore, the biologic potential of this tumor cannot be determined with certainty. Complete excision with clear margins recommended.

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S18 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MALIGNANT GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL

TUMOR

The gastric biopsy shows a submucosal mass composed of cellular fascicles of pleomorphic spindle cells with numerous mitotic features ande tumor cell necrosis. The spindle tumor cells are diffusely and strongly positive for CD-34 and c-kit.

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S19 Stomach, NOS, endoscopic biopsy: XANTHELASMA

The gastric biopsy show expansion of the lamina propria by PAS-negative foamy histocytes.

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S20 Stomach, antrum, endoscopic biopsy: GASTRIC ANTRAL VASCULAR ECTASIA

The gastric antral biospy show dilated capillaries in the superficial lamina propria with occasional fibrin thrombi, and mucosal fibromuscular hyperplasia.

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S21 Stomach, fundus, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR

The gastric biopsy show a tumor composed of uniform cells with round nuclei and granular chromatin arranged in a ribbon-like and trabecular pattern with occasional pseudorosette formation. No nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, or tumor necrosis is present. However, due to the small sample of tumor in this biopsy, its biologic potential cannot be determined.

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SMALL INTESTINE

I1 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: PEPTIC DUODENITIS

The duodenal biopsy shows focal villous blunting, mucous (pyloric) metaplasia, and increase lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. No acute inflamation is present.

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I2 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: ACTIVE PEPTIC DUODENITIS

The duodenal biopsy shows focal villous blunting, mucous (pyloric) metaplasia, increase lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, and acute cryptitis with focal superficial erosions.

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I3 jejunum, endoscopic biopsy: CELIAC SPRUE

The small intestinal biopsy shows prominent intraepithelial lymphocytosis, increase lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, surface epithelium vacuolar degeneration, and diffuse villous blunting.

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I4 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: WHIPPLE DISEASE

The duodenal biospy shows diffuse aggregates of PAS +, AFB - foamy histiocytes that expand the lamina propria, and dilated mucosal lymphatic channels.

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I5 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM INTRACE-

LLULARE ENTERITIS

The duodenal biopsy shows diffuse aggregates of PAS +, AFB + foamy histiocytes that expand the lamina propria.

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I6 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ENTERITIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows numerous 2-4 microns, round PAS + microorganisms adhese to the superficial epithelium’s brush border. There is mild mucosal acute inflammation.

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I7 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: GIARDIASIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows numerous 10-14 microns, semilunar hematoxyphilic microorganisms present on the luminal surface. There is no significant mucosal inflammation.

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I8 NOS, endoscpic biopsy: MICROSPORIDIUM ENTERITIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows intracellular, supranuclear parasites and Warthin-Starry + spores on the superficial epithelium. There is mild mucosal villous atrophy and chronic inflammation.

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I9 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ISOSPORA ENTERITIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows banana-shaped, infranuclear parasites on the superficial epithelium. There is mild mucosal villous atrophy and chronic inflammation.

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I10 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: STRONGYLOIDES ENTERITIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows rhabditiform larvae cysts within the intestinal crypts as well as cross sections of adult worms with external cuticle and internal structures. There is a mixed mucosal inflammatory infiltrate with numerous eosinophils.

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I11 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE ULCERATING ILEITIS, C/W

SALMONELLOSIS (TYPHOID FEVER)

The ileal biopsy shows mucosal aphtous ulcers overlying Peyer’s patches and submucosal edema and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. No granulomas are identified. AFB and Gram special stains are negative for microorganisms. These histologic findings are consistent with salmonella ileitis in the proper clinical and serologic setting.

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I12 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE ULCERATING ILEITIS, C/W

YERSINIOSIS

The ileal biopsy shows mucosal aphtous ulcers overlying Peyer’s patches and a granulomatous reaction around germinal center microabscesses. Numerous colonies of gram-negative coccobacilli are present within the ulcer’s exudate. These histologic findings are consistent with Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in the proper clinical and serologic setting.

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I13 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: TUBERCULOUS ENTERITIS

The ileal biopsy shows mucosal caseating granulomas and ulceration. AFB special stain is positive for mycobacteria.

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I14 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ISCHEMIC ENTERITIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows mucosal superficial glandular degeneration, surface erosion, and lamina propria hyalinization, consistent with ischemic damage. The differential diagnosis includes ischemic bowel disease, shock (hypotension), NSAID’s-induced damage, and Clostridium perfringens-enteritis necroticans. Clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic correlation required.

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I15 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: EOSINOPHILIC ENTERITIS

The small intestinal biopsy shows a diffuse mucosal eosinophilic infiltrate with numerous eosinophilic crypt absesses and cryptitis. The villous architecture is normal and no parasites are identified. These histologic findings are consistent with an idiopathic or allergic eosinophilic enteritis in the proper clinical setting. However, other causes of mucosal eosinophilia like parasitic infestation, collagen-vascular diseases, and drug reaction cannot be entirely ruled-out by histology alone. Clinical and endoscopic correlation required.

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I16 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE ENTERITIS, C/W

CROHN’S DISEASE

The small intestinal biopsy shows a glandular branching, dilatation, and atrophy, a prominent mucosal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, acute cryptitis and crypt absesses with surface mucosal ulceration, and scattered non-caseating granulomas.

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I17 “ileoanal pouch”, endoscopic biopsy: ACUTE POUCHITIS

The pouch biopsy shows a prominent neutrophilic mucosal infiltrate with acute cryptitis and crypt abscesses. No chronic mucosal changes or granulomas are present. These histologic findings are consistent with bacterial overgrowth-induced acute pouchitis in the proper clinical setting.

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I18 “ileoanal pouch”, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE POUCHITIS (1)

The pouch biopsy shows villous blunting, colonic intestinal metaplasia, glandular architectural abnormalities, mucosal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, acute cryptitis and crypt abscesses. No granulomas are identified. These histologic findings are suggestive of recurrent ulcerative colitis.

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 I19 “ileoanal pouch”, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE POUCHITIS (2)

The pouch biopsy shows villous blunting, colonic intestinal metaplasia, glandular architectural abnormalities, mucosal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, acute cryptitis and crypt abscesses. Scattered non-caseating granulomas are present. These histologic findings are suggestive of Crohn’s disease. Re-review of the clinical history and original colonic resection specimen recommended.

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I20 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: LYMPHANGECTASIA

The small intestinal biopsy shows multiple dilated villi lacteals and edema of the lamina propria. The differential diagnosis includes primary (congenital or acquired/idiopathic) or secondary (retroperitoneal lymph node obstruction) lymphangectasia.

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I21 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: PANCREATIC HETEROTOPIA

The duodenal biopsy shows pancreatic exocrine acini and ducts present in the submucosa.

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I22 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: GASTRIC HETEROTOPIA

The duodenal biopsy shows a well circumscribed focus of fundic-type mucosa.

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I23 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: BRUNNER’S GLAND HYPERPLASIA

The duodenal biopsy shows prominent lobules of Brunner’s glands surrounded by bands of muscularis mucosa.

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I24 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: PEUTZ-JEGHERS POLYP

The small intestinal biopsy shows a polypoid lesion composed of an arborizing core of muscularis mucosa covered by cytologically normal small intestinal mucosa.

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I25 duodenum, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR

The duodenal biopsy shows a tumor involving the mucosa and submucosa composed of tubules, cords, and rosettes, lined by round, regular nuclei with granular chromatin. Numerous psammomas bodies are present within the tubules and rosettoid structures. These histologic findings are consistent with a duodenal somatostatinoma. No nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, or tumor necrosis is seen. However, due to the small and superficial nature of the biopsy, the biologic potential of this tumor cannot be determined.

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I 26 ileum, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR

The ileal biopsy shows a tumor composed of organoid nests of cells with round, regular nuclei with granular chromatin and amphophilic cytoplasm. No nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, or tumor necrosis is seen. However, due to the small and superficial nature of the biopsy, the biologic potential of this carcinoid tumor cannot be determined.

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I 27 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: HIGH GRADE NEUROENDOCRINE

CARCINOMA

The small intestinal biopsy shows sheets and nests of tumor cells with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, granular chromatin, numerous mitotic figures, and tumor cell necrosis. Scaterred pseudorosettes are present. The tumor cells are positive for chromogranin and synaptophysin immunostains.

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I28 periampullary region, endoscopic biopsy: ADENOMA

The small intestinal biopsy shows a polyp composed of pseudostratified glands lined by enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei, consistent with an adenoma. However, due to the small and superficial nature of the biopsy, an underlying invasive ampullary adenocarcinoma cannot be entirely ruled-out. Clinical, radiological, end endoscopic correlation required.

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 LARGE INTESTINE

 

C1 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS (1)

The colon biopsy shows glandular architectural distortion and atrophy, a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, Paneth cell metaplasia, as well as acute cryptitis and crypt absesses. These histologic findings are consistent with inflammatory bowel disease, in the proper clinical setting. There is no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy.

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C2 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS (2)

The colon biopsy shows glandular architectural distortion and atrophy, a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, Paneth cell metaplasia, acute cryptitis and crypt absesses, as well as mucosal non-caseating granulomas. These histologic findings are consistent with Crohn’s disease, in the proper clinical setting.

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C3 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC INACTIVE COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows glandular architectural distortion and atrophy, a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and Paneth cell metaplasia. These histologic findings are consistent with inflammatory bowel disease, in the proper clinical setting.

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C4 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS WITH LOW

GRADE DYSPLASIA

The colon biopsy shows glandular architecural distortion and atrophy, a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, Paneth cell metaplasia, acute cryptitis and crypt absesses. These histologic findings are consistent with inflammatory bowel disease, in the proper clinical setting. There are focal areas showing glandular pseudostratification by hyperchromatic, enlarged nuclei, and no surface maturation, consistent with low grade dysplasia. Close endoscopic surveillance is recommended.

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C5 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS WITH HIGH

GRADE DYSPLASIA

The colon biopsy shows glandular architectural distortion and atrophy, a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, Paneth cell metaplasia, acute cryptitis and crypt absesses. The histologic findings are consistent with inflammatory bowel disease, in the proper clinical setting. There are focal areas showing glandular full thickness stratification by hyperchromatic, enlarged nuclei, as well as glandular architectural abnormalities and no surface maturation, consistent with high grade dysplasia. Close endoscopic surveillance with repeat biopsy recommended to rule-out a concurrent invasive carcinoma.

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C6 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CHRONIC ACTIVE COLITIS WITH AREAS

INDEFINITE FOR DYSPLASIA

The colon biopsy shows glandular architectural distortion and atrophy, a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, Paneth cell metaplasia, acute cryptitis and crypt absesses. These histologic findings are consistent with inflammatory bowel disease, in the proper clinical setting. There are focal areas of glandular pseudostratification by hyperchromatic, enlarged nuclei. However, there is partial surface maturation and significant surrounding acute inflammation. These atypical glandular changes may represent IBD-associated low grade dysplasia or inflammation-induced reactive cellular changes. Repeat endoscopy with re-biopsy after anti-inflammatory therapy recommended to rule-out dysplasia.

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C7 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ACTIVE COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows acute cryptitis, crypt absesses, and focal mucosal superficial erosions. No unequivocal chronic mucosal changes nor granulomas are identified. Although these histologic findings are consistent with an acute self-limited (infectious) colitis in the proper clinical setting, an early inflammatory bowel disease, cannot be entirely ruled-out by histology alone. Clinical and endoscopic correlation required.

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C8 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ISCHEMIC COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows multifocal superficial mucosal coagulative necrosis, with glandular degeneration and lamina propria hyalinization. No significant acute inflammation is present. Although these histologic findings are consistent with ischemic bowel disease in the proper clinical setting, a similar histologic appearance can be seen with an E-Coli O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic colitis. Clinical correlation required.

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C9 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows acute cryptitis with “exploding” crypts, and an eruptive exudate composed of fibrin and mucin with files of neutrophils arising from eroded superficial mucosa. Althogh these histologic findings are consistent with Clostridium difficile-induced pseudomembranous colitis, a similar histologic appearance can be seen with ischemic bowel disease, E-coli O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic colitis, shigellosis, and amebiasis. Clinical and endoscopic correlation required.

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C10 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: LYMPHOCYTIC COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, marked intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and superficial epithelial degeneration.

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C11 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: COLLAGENOUS COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows a prominent lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and marked collagenous thickening of the subepithelial basement membrane.

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C12 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MUCOSAL ULCER, NON-SPECIFIC

The colon biopsy shows fragments of granulation tissue and reactive, edematous colonic mucosa. The differential diagnosis includes infectious colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic bowel disease, stercoral ulcer, obstructive colopathy, Behcet’s syndrome, Reiter’s syndrome, and NSAID’s-induced colopathy. Clinical and endoscopic correlation required.

 

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C13 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: AMEBIC COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows acute mucosal inflammation with cryptitis and superficial erosions. Within the inflammatory exudate, numerous 10-20 micron trophozoites with phagocytosed erythrocytes, consistent with Entamoeba histolytica, are present.

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C14 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: CMV COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows acute mucosal inflammation and erosion. Numerous nuclear viral basophilic inclusions surrounded by a clear halo and eosinophilic granular cytoplasmic inclusions are present within endothelial cells and lamina propria fibroblasts, consistent with cytomegalovirus infection.

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C15 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: COLONIC SPIROCHETOSIS

The colon biopsy shows a thickened hematoxiphilic brush border, that stains strongly positive with silver stain. No other mucosal abnormalities are noted.

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C16 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE (GVHD)

The colon biopsy shows marked apoptosis of the colonic glandular epitelium and reactive glandular changes. No significant acute inflammation is present.

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C17 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: RADIATION COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows vacuolization of the surface epithelium, reactive and degenerative glandular changes, increase eosinophils, edema and hyalinization of the lamina propria, as well as enlarged, hyperchromatic stromal fibroblasts. No significant acute inflammation is present.

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C18 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: MELANOSIS COLI

The colon biopsy shows numerous pigmented lipofuscin-laden macrophages in the lamina propria. No other mucosal abnormalities are identified.

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C19 diverted segment, endoscopic biopsy: DIVERSION COLITIS

The colon biopsy shows increase lamina propria lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, focal acute cryptitis and crypt absesses. No granulomas are identified. Although these histologic findings are consistent with diversion colitis in the proper clinical setting, similar histologic features can be seen in recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical correlation required.

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C20 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: HYPERPLASTIC POLYP

The colon biopsy shows a polyp composed of serrated hyperplastic superficial glands with scant goblet cells, surrounded by unremarkable lamina propria.

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C21 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: ADENOMA

The colon biopsy shows a polyp composed of pseudostratified glands lined by enlarged, mucin-depleted, hyperchromatic cells, showing no surface maturation.

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C22 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: SERRATED ADENOMA

The colon biopsy shows a polyp composed of pseudostratified glands lined by enlarged, mucin-depleted, hyperchromatic cells, showing no surface maturation and a superficial glandular serrated appearance.

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C23 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: JUVENILE POLYP

The colon biopsy shows a polyp composed of numerous irregular, dilated, mucin-filled glands surrounded by exuberant, edematous and inflamed lamina propria.

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C24 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOPOLYP

The colon biopsy shows a polypoid lesion composed of markedly inflamed and eroded mucosa with acute cryptitis, glandular architectural changes, and granulation tissue. These histologic features are consistent with an IBD-associated inflammatory pseudopolyp.

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C25 cecum, endoscopic biopsy: LIPOMA

The cecal biopsy shows prominent mature adipose tissue covered by intact colonic mucosa.

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26 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: ANGIODYSPLASIA

The colon biopsy shows scattered ectatic, thin-walled blood vessels in the mucosa and submucosa.

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C27 NOS, endoscopic biopsy: COLONIC ADENOCARCINOMA

The colon biopsy shows fragments of mucosa with malignant stratified and cribiforming glands surrounded by a desmoplastic stroma. Due to the small and superficial nature of the biopsy, depth of invasion cannot be determined.

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C28 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: PEDUNCULATED ADENOMA WITH

INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA (1)

The colon biopsy shows a pedunculated adenoma containing a focus of infiltrating malignant glands surrounded by desmoplastic stroma, invading the submucosa of the head of the polyp. This focus of adenocarcinoma is well-differentiated, shows no lympho-vascular invasion, and is > 3mm from the stalk cauterized resection margin. These histologic findings warrant no further therapy on this malignant adenomatous polyp.

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C29 NOS, endoscopic polypectomy: PEDUNCULATED ADENOMA WITH

INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA (2)

The colon biopsy shows a pedunculated adenoma containing a focus of infiltrating carcinoma, invading the stalk and involving the cauterized resection margin. The invasive focus is poorly differentiated and lympho-vascular invasion is present. The presence of any one of the latter three histologic features warrants a segmental colectomy.

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C30 rectum, endoscopic biopsy: SOLITARY RECTAL ULCER SYNDROME

The rectal biopsy shows a polypoid mucosa composed of elongated, branching, and dilated crypts, showing reactive epithelial changes surrounded by a muscularized and congested lamina propria. There is focal surface erosion and hemosiderin deposition. These histologic features are those secondary to mucosal prolapse and consistent with the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in the proper clinical and endoscopic setting.

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C31 Anorectal junction, endoscopic biopsy: INFLAMMATORY CLOACOGENIC POLYP

The anorectal biopsy shows a polypoid mucosa composed of elongated, branching, and dilated crypts, admixed with squamous mucosa, and surrounded by a muscularized and congested lamina propria. There is focal surface erosion and hemosiderin deposition. These histologic features are those secondary to mucosal prolapse and consistent with an inflammatory cloacogenic polyp.

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C32 rectosigmoid, endoscopic biopsy: CARCINOID TUMOR

The rectal biopsy shows a tumor composed of anastomosing ribbons, tubulo-acinar structures, and solid nests. The tumor cells nuclei are round, uniform, with granular chromatin. No mitotic activity nor tumor cell necrosis is identified. However, due to the superficial and small nature of the biopsy, the biologic potential of this hindgut carcinoid tumor cannot be determined.

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L33 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: KERATINIZING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

The anal canal biopsy shows glandular, transitional, and squamous-type mucosa containing an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. However, due to the small and superficial nature of the biopsy, depth of invasion cannot be determined.

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C34 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

The anal canal biopsy shows glandular, transitional, and squamous-type mucosa containing an invasive carcinoma composed of islands of basaloid cells with scant cytoplasm. The tumor cell islands show central necrosis and peripheral palisading. Focal keratinization is present. These histologic features are those of a basaloid (cloacogenic) squamous cell carcinoma. Due to the superficial and small nature of the biopsy, depth of invasion cannot be determined.

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C 35 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: HIGH GRADE NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA

The anal canal biopsy shows glandular, transitional, and squamous-type mucosa containing an invasive tumor composed of nests and islands of round to oval cells with granular, hyperchromatic nuclei and amphophilic cytoplasm. Numerous pseudorossetes, mitotic figures, and tumor cell necrosis are present. The tumor cells react positively for chromogranin and synaptophysin. These histologic and immunohistochemical features are those of a high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.

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C36 Anal canal, endoscopic biopsy: SMALL CELL UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA

The anal canal biopsy shows glandular, transitional, and squamous-type mucosa contaning an invasive tumor composed of diffuse sheets of small oval hyperchromatic cells with scant cytoplasm, showing a high mitotic rate, tumor cell necrosis, nuclear molding and crush artifact. These histologic features are consistent with a primary anal canal small cell carcinoma. However, a metastasis from a lung or other primary site cannot be entirely ruled-out by histology alone. Clinical correlation required.

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