Dr. Keefer has over 18 years of experience in the preventive HIV vaccine field, having served as Director of the University of Rochester's NIH-supported HIV Vaccine Trials Unit (HVTU) since 1991. Working initially as a laboratory investigator he was the first to demonstrate T-cell mediated immune responses to a candidate HIV vaccine. Subsequently he focused his attention on the design and conduct of clinical trials. When the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) expanded to include international sites in 1999, he assumed the position of the HVTN's Associate Director of Scientific Administration. In that role his duties include leadership of scientific and administrative committees and visits to international sites. Dr Keefer is also PI of an NIH-funded Program Project entitled "HSV-1 amplicon vectors for HIV vaccine delivery", a collaboration with Drs. Dewhurst, Mosmann, Federoff and Bowers.

Active Research

U01 AI069511
2/1/2007 – 11/30/2014
PI: Richard C. Reichman, MD
"Units for HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Networks"
The goals of the of the CTU are to develop a vaccine that will prevent HIV infection or delay the onset of symptomatic disease (HVTN) and to develop more effective treatments for established HIV infection in a variety of patient populations (ACTG).
Role: Co-Investigator, Director of HIV Vaccine Trials Clinical Research Site

U01 AI068614
6/29/2006 – 5/31/2013
PI: L Corey, M.D.
NIH/NIAID
Subcontract to University of Rochester (via Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA)
Title: "HVTN Associate Director of Scientific Administration",
The major goal is to establish a Vaccine Leadership Group to direct and coordinate the HIV Vaccine Trials Network's (HVTN) work in domestic and international settings. Dr. Keefer functions in a 40% FTE capacity as a key member of the network's Core Operations Center, focused primarily on the establishment and execution of the network's scientific agenda for Phase I/II studies.
Role: PI of Subcontract at Rochester


P01 AI056356, HIV Vaccine Research and Design
NIH/NIAID
Title: "HSV-1 Amplicon Vectors for HIV Vaccine Delivery"
PI: MC Keefer, M.D.
1/1/2003 – 12/31/2008
The overall goal of this Program Project is to develop an HIV vaccine strategy based on the HSV-1 amplicon vector, and to test this approach in small and large animal models. The HSV amplicon vector will be tested alone and in combination with a DNA vaccine provided by the NIAID Vaccine Research Center. The proposal includes 3 projects (immunogenicity in mice/guinea pigs; immunogenicity/protection in macaques; enhancement of amplicon technology) and 3 cores (administrative; immunologic; vector production).


P30 AI-078498, Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) program
NIH
Title: "University of Rochester Developmental Center for AIDS Research (D-CFAR)"
PI: S Dewhurst, Ph.D.
5/1/2008 – 4/30/2013
The primary mission of the University of Rochester D-CFAR is to raise the overall quality and quantity of HIV/AIDS research at the UR. This objective will be achieved by the establishment of four interconnected core facilities (Administrative Core, Developmental Core, Clinical Science Core and Basic Science Core) that synergize with the UR Clinical and Translational Science Institute to provide new opportunities for collaboration among establish investigators and those who are new to the field. Major goals are to augment the availability of biostatistical and data management services, to increase the use of mathematical modeling in HIV/AIDS research and to establish new collaborations between UR investigators and colleagues at the University of Witwatersrand and University of Cape Town in South Africa.
Role: Co-PI of D-CFAR, Director of 'Clinical Sciences Core', and Leader of 'International Collaboration Committee'.

• Elizaga ML, Vasan S, Marovich MA, Sato AH, Lawrence DN, Chaitman BR, Frey SE, Keefer MC. Prospective surveillance for cardiac adverse events in healthy adults receiving modified vaccinia ankara vaccines: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1):e54407.
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• Walsh SR, Seaman MS, Grandpre LE, Charbonneau C, Yanosick KE, Metch B, Keefer MC, Dolin R, Baden LR. Impact of anti-orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies induced by a heterologous prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine on insert-specific immune responses. Vaccine. 2012 Dec 17; 31(1):114-9.
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• Keefer MC, Gilmour J, Hayes P, Gill D, Kopycinski J, Cheeseman H, Cashin-Cox M, Naarding M, Clark L, Fernandez N, Bunce CA, Hay CM, Welsh S, Komaroff W, Hachaambwa L, Tarragona-Fiol T, Sayeed E, Zachariah D, Ackland J, Loughran K, Barin B, Cormier E, Cox JH, Fast P, Excler JL. A Phase I Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of a Multigenic HIV-1 Adenovirus Subtype 35 Vector Vaccine in Healthy Uninfected Adults. PLoS One. 2012; 7(8):e41936.
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• Schmidt C, Smith C, Barin B, Bakhtyari A, Bart PA, Bekker LG, Chomba E, Clumeck N, Ho D, Hoosen A, Jaoko W, Kaleebu P, Karita E, Keefer MC, van Lunzen J, McMichael A, Mehendale S, Peters B, Ramanathan VD, Robinson A, Rockstroh J, Vardas E, Vets E, Weber J, Graham BS, Than S, Excler JL, Kochhar S, Ho M, Heald A, Fast PE. Background morbidity in HIV vaccine trial participants from various geographic regions as assessed by unsolicited adverse events. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 May 1; 8(5):630-8.
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• Kobie JJ, Alcena DC, Zheng B, Bryk P, Mattiacio JL, Brewer M, Labranche C, Young FM, Dewhurst S, Montefiori DC, Rosenberg AF, Feng C, Jin X, Keefer MC, Sanz I. 9G4 Autoreactivity Is Increased in HIV-Infected Patients and Correlates with HIV Broadly Neutralizing Serum Activity. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4):e35356.
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• Churchyard GJ, Morgan C, Adams E, Hural J, Graham BS, Moodie Z, Grove D, Gray G, Bekker LG, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Goepfert P, Kalams S, Baden LR, Lally M, Dolin R, Blattner W, Kalichman A, Figueroa JP, Pape J, Schechter M, Defawe O, De Rosa SC, Montefiori DC, Nabel GJ, Corey L, Keefer MC. A phase IIA randomized clinical trial of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a multiclade rAd5 HIV-1 vaccine boost in healthy adults (HVTN204). PLoS One. 2011; 6(8):e21225.
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• Keefer MC, Frey SE, Elizaga M, Metch B, De Rosa SC, Barroso PF, Tomaras G, Cardinali M, Goepfert P, Kalichman A, Philippon V, McElrath MJ, Jin X, Ferrari G, Defawe OD, Mazzara GP, Montefiori D, Pensiero M, Panicali DL, Corey L. A phase I trial of preventive HIV vaccination with heterologous poxviral-vectors containing matching HIV-1 inserts in healthy HIV-uninfected subjects. Vaccine. 2011 Feb 24; 29(10):1948-58.
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• Graham BS, McElrath MJ, Keefer MC, Rybczyk K, Berger D, Weinhold KJ, Ottinger J, Ferarri G, Montefiori DC, Stablein D, Smith C, Ginsberg R, Eldridge J, Duerr A, Fast P, Haynes BF. Immunization with cocktail of HIV-derived peptides in montanide ISA-51 is immunogenic, but causes sterile abscesses and unacceptable reactogenicity. PLoS One. 2010; 5(8):e11995.
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• Love TM, Thurston SW, Keefer MC, Dewhurst S, Lee HY. Mathematical modeling of ultradeep sequencing data reveals that acute CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses exert strong selective pressure in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques but still fail to clear founder epitope sequences. J Virol. 2010 Jun; 84(11):5802-14.
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• Vasan S, Schlesinger SJ, Huang Y, Hurley A, Lombardo A, Chen Z, Than S, Adesanya P, Bunce C, Boaz M, Boyle R, Sayeed E, Clark L, Dugin D, Schmidt C, Song Y, Seamons L, Dally L, Ho M, Smith C, Markowitz M, Cox J, Gill DK, Gilmour J, Keefer MC, Fast P, Ho DD. Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of ADVAX, a multigenic, DNA-based clade C/B' HIV-1 candidate vaccine. PLoS One. 2010; 5(1):e8617.
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• Vasan S, Schlesinger SJ, Chen Z, Hurley A, Lombardo A, Than S, Adesanya P, Bunce C, Boaz M, Boyle R, Sayeed E, Clark L, Dugin D, Boente-Carrera M, Schmidt C, Fang Q. Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of ADMVA, a multigenic, modified vaccinia Ankara-HIV-1 B'/C candidate vaccine. PLoS One. 2010; 5(1):e8816.
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• Cheng C, Gall JG, Nason M, King CR, Koup RA, Roederer M, McElrath MJ, Morgan CA, Churchyard G, Baden LR, Duerr AC, Keefer MC, Graham BS, Nabel GJ. Differential specificity and immunogenicity of adenovirus type 5 neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or immunization. J Virol. 2010 Jan; 84(1):630-8.
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• Asmuth DM, Brown EL, DiNubile MJ, Sun X, del Rio C, Harro C, Keefer MC, Kublin JG, Dubey SA, Kierstead LS, Casimiro DR, Shiver JW, Robertson MN, Quirk EK, Mehrotra DV. Comparative cell-mediated immunogenicity of DNA/DNA, DNA/adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), or Ad5/Ad5 HIV-1 clade B gag vaccine prime-boost regimens. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 1; 201(1):132-41.
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• Jin X, Newman MJ, De-Rosa S, Cooper C, Thomas E, Keefer M, Fuchs J, Blattner W, Livingston BD, McKinney DM, Noonan E, Decamp A, Defawe OD, Wecker M. A novel HIV T helper epitope-based vaccine elicits cytokine-secreting HIV-specific CD4+ T cells in a Phase I clinical trial in HIV-uninfected adults. Vaccine. 2009 Nov 23; 27(50):7080-6.
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• Davis KL, Gray ES, Moore PL, Decker JM, Salomon A, Montefiori DC, Graham BS, Keefer MC, Pinter A, Morris L, Hahn BH, Shaw GM. High titer HIV-1 V3-specific antibodies with broad reactivity but low neutralizing potency in acute infection and following vaccination. Virology. 2009 May 10; 387(2):414-26.
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• Spearman P, Kalams S, Elizaga M, Metch B, Chiu YL, Allen M, Weinhold KJ, Ferrari G, Parker SD, McElrath MJ, Frey SE, Fuchs JD, Keefer MC, Lubeck MD, Egan M, Braun R, Eldridge JH, Haynes BF, Corey L. Safety and immunogenicity of a CTL multiepitope peptide vaccine for HIV with or without GM-CSF in a phase I trial. Vaccine. 2009 Jan 7; 27(2):243-9.
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• Duke CM, Maguire CA, Keefer MC, Federoff HJ, Bowers WJ, Dewhurst S. HSV-1 amplicon vectors elicit polyfunctional T cell responses to HIV-1 Env, and strongly boost responses to an adenovirus prime. Vaccine. 2007 Oct 16; 25(42):7410-21.
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• Russell ND, Graham BS, Keefer MC, McElrath MJ, Self SG, Weinhold KJ, Montefiori DC, Ferrari G, Horton H, Tomaras GD, Gurunathan S, Baglyos L, Frey SE, Mulligan MJ, Harro CD, Buchbinder SP, Baden LR, Blattner WA, Koblin BA, Corey L. Phase 2 study of an HIV-1 canarypox vaccine (vCP1452) alone and in combination with rgp120: negative results fail to trigger a phase 3 correlates trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Feb 1; 44(2):203-12.
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• Santos K, Duke CM, Rodriguez-Colon SM, Dakwar A, Fan S, Keefer MC, Federoff HJ, Frelinger JG, Bowers WJ, Dewhurst S. Effect of promoter strength on protein expression and immunogenicity of an HSV-1 amplicon vector encoding HIV-1 Gag. Vaccine. 2007 Feb 19; 25(9):1634-46.
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• Goepfert PA, Horton H, McElrath MJ, Gurunathan S, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Allen M, Chiu YL, Spearman P, Fuchs JD, Koblin BA, Blattner WA, Frey S, Keefer MC, Baden LR, Corey L. High-dose recombinant Canarypox vaccine expressing HIV-1 protein, in seronegative human subjects. J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct 1; 192(7):1249-59.
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• Chen H, Reichman R, Keefer M, McDermott MP, Jin X. Establishment of an alternative intracellular cytokine staining assay for HIV/AIDS clinical studies. J Virol Methods. 2005 Feb; 123(2):131-40.
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• Lee D, Graham BS, Chiu YL, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Belshe RB, Buchbinder SP, Sheppard HW, Koblin BA, Mayer KH, Keefer MC, Mulligan MJ, Celum CL. Breakthrough infections during phase 1 and 2 prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine trials with canarypox vectors (ALVAC) and booster dose of recombinant gp120 or gp160. J Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 1; 190(5):903-7.
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• Wright PF, Mestecky J, McElrath MJ, Keefer MC, Gorse GJ, Goepfert PA, Moldoveanu Z, Schwartz D, Spearman PW, El Habib R, Spring MD, Zhu Y, Smith C, Flores J, Weinhold KJ. Comparison of systemic and mucosal delivery of 2 canarypox virus vaccines expressing either HIV-1 genes or the gene for rabies virus G protein. J Infect Dis. 2004 Apr 1; 189(7):1221-31.
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• de Bruyn G, Rossini AJ, Chiu YL, Holman D, Elizaga ML, Frey SE, Burke D, Evans TG, Corey L, Keefer MC. Safety profile of recombinant canarypox HIV vaccines. Vaccine. 2004 Jan 26; 22(5-6):704-13.
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• Gilbert PB, Chiu YL, Allen M, Lawrence DN, Chapdu C, Israel H, Holman D, Keefer MC, Wolff M, Frey SE. Long-term safety analysis of preventive HIV-1 vaccines evaluated in AIDS vaccine evaluation group NIAID-sponsored Phase I and II clinical trials. Vaccine. 2003 Jun 20; 21(21-22):2933-47.
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• Gupta K, Hudgens M, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Weinhold K, Montefiori DC, Gorse GJ, Frey SE, Keefer MC, Evans TG, Dolin R, Schwartz DH, Harro C, Graham B, Spearman PW, Mulligan M, Goepfert P. Safety and immunogenicity of a high-titered canarypox vaccine in combination with rgp120 in a diverse population of HIV-1-uninfected adults: AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group Protocol 022A. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Mar 1; 29(3):254-61.
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• Neughebauer B, Alvarez V, Harb T, Keefer M. Constrictive pericarditis caused by candida glabrata in an immunocompetent patient: case report and review of literature. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002; 34(8):615-9.
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• Evans TG, Kallas EG, Campbell M, Andrews J, Schwartz D, Keefer M, Caudrelier P. Evaluation of canarypox-induced CD8(+) responses following immunization by measuring the effector population IFNgamma production. Immunol Lett. 2001 May 1; 77(1):7-15.
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• Lambert JS, Keefer M, Mulligan MJ, Schwartz D, Mestecky J, Weinhold K, Smith C, Hsieh R, Moldoveanu Z, Fast P, Forrest B, Koff W. A Phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of UBI microparticulate monovalent HIV-1 MN oral peptide immunogen with parenteral boost in HIV-1 seronegative human subjects. Vaccine. 2001 Apr 30; 19(23-24):3033-42.
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• Belshe RB, Stevens C, Gorse GJ, Buchbinder S, Weinhold K, Sheppard H, Stablein D, Self S, McNamara J, Frey S, Flores J, Excler JL, Klein M, Habib RE, Duliege AM, Harro C, Corey L, Keefer M, Mulligan M, Wright P, Celum C, Judson F, Mayer K, McKirnan D, Marmor M, Woody G. Safety and immunogenicity of a canarypox-vectored human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 vaccine with or without gp120: a phase 2 study in higher- and lower-risk volunteers. J Infect Dis. 2001 May 1; 183(9):1343-52.
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• Evans TG, McElrath MJ, Matthews T, Montefiori D, Weinhold K, Wolff M, Keefer MC, Kallas EG, Corey L, Gorse GJ, Belshe R, Graham BS, Spearman PW, Schwartz D, Mulligan MJ, Goepfert P, Fast P, Berman P, Powell M, Francis D. QS-21 promotes an adjuvant effect allowing for reduced antigen dose during HIV-1 envelope subunit immunization in humans. Vaccine. 2001 Feb 28; 19(15-16):2080-91.
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• McElrath MJ, Corey L, Montefiori D, Wolff M, Schwartz D, Keefer M, Belshe R, Graham BS, Matthews T, Wright P, Gorse G, Dolin R, Berman P, Francis D, Duliege AM, Bolognesi D, Stablein D, Ketter N, Fast P. A phase II study of two HIV type 1 envelope vaccines, comparing their immunogenicity in populations at risk for acquiring HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000 Jun 10; 16(9):907-19.
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• Wright PF, Lambert JS, Gorse GJ, Hsieh RH, McElrath MJ, Weinhold K, Wara DW, Anderson EL, Keefer MC, Jackson S, Wagner LJ, Francis DP, Fast PE, McNamara J. Immunization with envelope MN rgp120 vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. J Infect Dis. 1999 Oct; 180(4):1080-8.
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• Evans TG, Keefer MC, Weinhold KJ, Wolff M, Montefiori D, Gorse GJ, Graham BS, McElrath MJ, Clements-Mann ML, Mulligan MJ, Fast P, Walker MC, Excler JL, Duliege AM, Tartaglia J. A canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. J Infect Dis. 1999 Aug; 180(2):290-8.
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• Belshe RB, Gorse GJ, Mulligan MJ, Evans TG, Keefer MC, Excler JL, Duliege AM, Tartaglia J, Cox WI, McNamara J, Hwang KL, Bradney A, Montefiori D, Weinhold KJ. Induction of immune responses to HIV-1 by canarypox virus (ALVAC) HIV-1 and gp120 SF-2 recombinant vaccines in uninfected volunteers. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. AIDS. 1998 Dec 24; 12(18):2407-15.
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• Sheon AR, Wagner L, McElrath MJ, Keefer MC, Zimmerman E, Israel H, Berger D, Fast P. Preventing discrimination against volunteers in prophylactic HIV vaccine trials: lessons from a phase II trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998 Dec 15; 19(5):519-26.
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• Clements-Mann ML, Weinhold K, Matthews TJ, Graham BS, Gorse GJ, Keefer MC, McElrath MJ, Hsieh RH, Mestecky J, Zolla-Pazner S, Mascola J, Schwartz D, Siliciano R, Corey L, Wright PF, Belshe R, Dolin R, Jackson S, Xu S, Fast P, Walker MC, Stablein D, Excler JL, Tartaglia J, Paoletti E, et al. Immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 induced by canarypox expressing HIV-1MN gp120, HIV-1SF2 recombinant gp120, or both vaccines in seronegative adults. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. J Infect Dis. 1998 May; 177(5):1230-46.
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• Graham BS, McElrath MJ, Connor RI, Schwartz DH, Gorse GJ, Keefer MC, Mulligan MJ, Matthews TJ, Wolinsky SM, Montefiori DC, Vermund SH, Lambert JS, Corey L, Belshe RB, Dolin R, Wright PF, Korber BT, Wolff MC, Fast PE. Analysis of intercurrent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections in phase I and II trials of candidate AIDS vaccines. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group, and the Correlates of HIV Immune Protection Group. J Infect Dis. 1998 Feb; 177(2):310-9.
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• Evans TG, Fitzgerald T, Gibbons DC, Keefer MC, Soucier H. Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following HIV-1 immunization in seronegative volunteers. The AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. Clin Exp Immunol. 1998 Feb; 111(2):243-50.
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• Corey L, McElrath MJ, Weinhold K, Matthews T, Stablein D, Graham B, Keefer M, Schwartz D, Gorse G. Cytotoxic T cell and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope with a combination vaccine regimen. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. J Infect Dis. 1998 Feb; 177(2):301-9.
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• Hecht FM, Wheat J, Korzun AH, Hafner R, Skahan KJ, Larsen R, Limjoco MT, Simpson M, Schneider D, Keefer MC, Clark R, Lai KK, Jacobson JM, Squires K, Bartlett JA, Powderly W. Itraconazole maintenance treatment for histoplasmosis in AIDS: a prospective, multicenter trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997 Oct 1; 16(2):100-7.
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• Keefer MC, Wolff M, Gorse GJ, Graham BS, Corey L, Clements-Mann ML, Verani-Ketter N, Erb S, Smith CM, Belshe RB, Wagner LJ, McElrath MJ, Schwartz DH, Fast P. Safety profile of phase I and II preventive HIV type 1 envelope vaccination: experience of the NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Sep 20; 13(14):1163-77.
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• Paxton WB, Coombs RW, McElrath MJ, Keefer MC, Hughes J, Sinangil F, Chernoff D, Demeter L, Williams B, Corey L. Longitudinal analysis of quantitative virologic measures in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with > or = 400 CD4 lymphocytes: implications for applying measurements to individual patients. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. J Infect Dis. 1997 Feb; 175(2):247-54.
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• Graham BS, Keefer MC, McElrath MJ, Gorse GJ, Schwartz DH, Weinhold K, Matthews TJ, Esterlitz JR, Sinangil F, Fast PE. Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate HIV-1 vaccine in healthy adults: recombinant glycoprotein (rgp) 120. A randomized, double-blind trial. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Aug 15; 125(4):270-9.
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• Keefer MC, Graham BS, McElrath MJ, Matthews TJ, Stablein DM, Corey L, Wright PF, Lawrence D, Fast PE, Weinhold K, Hsieh RH, Chernoff D, Dekker C, Dolin R. Safety and immunogenicity of Env 2-3, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 candidate vaccine, in combination with a novel adjuvant, MTP-PE/MF59. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996 May 20; 12(8):683-93.
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• Gorse GJ, Keefer MC, Belshe RB, Matthews TJ, Forrest BD, Hsieh RH, Koff WC, Hanson CV, Dolin R, Weinhold KJ, Frey SE, Ketter N, Fast PE. A dose-ranging study of a prototype synthetic HIV-1MN V3 branched peptide vaccine. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. J Infect Dis. 1996 Feb; 173(2):330-9.
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• Mascola JR, Snyder SW, Weislow OS, Belay SM, Belshe RB, Schwartz DH, Clements ML, Dolin R, Graham BS, Gorse GJ, Keefer MC, McElrath MJ, Walker MC, Wagner KF, McNeil JG, McCutchan FE, Burke DS. Immunization with envelope subunit vaccine products elicits neutralizing antibodies against laboratory-adapted but not primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. J Infect Dis. 1996 Feb; 173(2):340-8.
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• Keefer MC, Graham BS, Belshe RB, Schwartz D, Corey L, Bolognesi DP, Stablein DM, Montefiori DC, McElrath MJ, Clements ML, et al. Studies of high doses of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant glycoprotein 160 candidate vaccine in HIV type 1-seronegative humans. The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Dec; 10(12):1713-23.
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• Belshe RB, Clements ML, Keefer MC, Graham BS, Corey L, Sposto R, Wescott S, Lawrence D. Interpreting HIV serodiagnostic test results in the 1990s: social risks of HIV vaccine studies in uninfected volunteers. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Group. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Oct 15; 121(8):584-9.
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• Graham BS, Gorse GJ, Schwartz DH, Keefer MC, McElrath MJ, Matthews TJ, Wright PF, Belshe RB, Clements ML, Dolin R, et al. Determinants of antibody response after recombinant gp160 boosting in vaccinia-naive volunteers primed with gp160-recombinant vaccinia virus. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. J Infect Dis. 1994 Oct; 170(4):782-6.
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• Belshe RB, Graham BS, Keefer MC, Gorse GJ, Wright P, Dolin R, Matthews T, Weinhold K, Bolognesi DP, Sposto R, et al. Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 in seronegative volunteers immunized with recombinant gp120 from the MN strain of HIV-1. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. JAMA. 1994 Aug 10; 272(6):475-80.
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• Keefer MC, Belshe R, Graham B, McElrath J, Clements ML, Sposto R, Fast P. Safety profile of HIV vaccination: first 1000 volunteers of AIDS vaccine evaluation group. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994; 10 Suppl 2:S139-40.
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• Belshe RB, Clements ML, Dolin R, Graham BS, McElrath J, Gorse GJ, Schwartz D, Keefer MC, Wright P, Corey L, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a fully glycosylated recombinant gp160 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine in subjects at low risk of infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group Network. J Infect Dis. 1993 Dec; 168(6):1387-95.
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• el-Daher N, Keefer MC, Reichman RC, Dolin R, Roberts NJ. Persisting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160-specific human T lymphocyte responses including CD8+ cytotoxic activity after receipt of envelope vaccines. J Infect Dis. 1993 Aug; 168(2):306-13.
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• Graham BS, Matthews TJ, Belshe RB, Clements ML, Dolin R, Wright PF, Gorse GJ, Schwartz DH, Keefer MC, Bolognesi DP, et al. Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody by priming with gp160 recombinant vaccinia and boosting with rgp160 in vaccinia-naive adults. The NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. J Infect Dis. 1993 Mar; 167(3):533-7.
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• Graham BS, Belshe RB, Clements ML, Dolin R, Corey L, Wright PF, Gorse GJ, Midthun K, Keefer MC, Roberts NJ, et al. Vaccination of vaccinia-naive adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 recombinant vaccinia virus in a blinded, controlled, randomized clinical trial. The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. J Infect Dis. 1992 Aug; 166(2):244-52.
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• Keefer MC, Menegus MA, Nasello MA, Reid JA, Long M, Reichman RC. Single-dose trospectomycin for chlamydial urethritis in men. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 May; 35(5):986-7.
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• Keefer MC, Bonnez W, Roberts NJ, Dolin R, Reichman RC. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp160-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses of mononuclear leukocytes from HIV-1 recombinant gp160 vaccine recipients. J Infect Dis. 1991 Mar; 163(3):448-53.
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• Reuman PD, Bernstein DI, Keefer MC, Young EC, Sherwood JR, Schiff GM. Efficacy and safety of low dosage amantadine hydrochloride as prophylaxis for influenza A. Antiviral Res. 1989 Feb; 11(1):27-40.
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• Gewirtz AM, Keefer M, Doshi K, Annamalai AE, Chiu HC, Colman RW. Biology of human megakaryocyte factor V. Blood. 1986 Jun; 67(6):1639-48.
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