Dr. Gelbard is the Director of the Center for Neural Development and Disease and Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Dr. Gelbard has 25 years of experience as a molecular neuropharmacologist, working in experimental models of neuroAIDS and HIV-1 neuroinflammation since 1992. As the leader of the NeuroAIDS research group in the UR's NIH-funded Development Center for AIDS Research and PO1 MH64570, in collaboration with Drs. Steve Dewhurst and Sanjay Maggirwar from the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dr. Gelbard has worked to develop new therapies for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) over the past several years with a programmatic effort funded by the NIMH for over 10 years. Our approach is to develop strategies to target mixed lineage kinase (MLK)-3, an upstream kinase that regulates neuroinflammation and neuronal function/fate through effects on downstream kinases, including Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Working with our industry partner, Califia Bio (San Diego, CA), we have developed novel, brain-penetrant small molecules that efficiently inhibit MLK-3, Dr. Gelbard's lab is in the process of testing these new inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models for HAND. Dr. Gelbard serves on numerous advisory boards of Center, U-level and P-level grants investigating the pathogenesis and treatment of HAND. He is the chair of the external advisory committee to the CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research ("CHARTER," NIMH and NINDS N01 MH22005, 2002-2015), and a member of the Neurology Scientific Advisory Board to the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) network (NICHD U01 HD052104, 2009-2014). Dr. Gelbard is the associate editor for the 3rd edition of The Neurology of AIDS (Oxford Press).

• Marker DF, Puccini JM, Mockus TE, Barbieri J, Lu SM, Gelbard HA. LRRK2 kinase inhibition prevents pathological microglial phagocytosis in response to HIV-1 Tat protein. J Neuroinflammation. 2012; 9:261.
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• Dash PK, Gendelman HE, Roy U, Balkundi S, Alnouti Y, Mosley RL, Gelbard HA, McMillan J, Gorantla S, Poluektova LY. Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy elicits potent antiretroviral and neuroprotective responses in HIV-1-infected humanized mice. AIDS. 2012 Nov 13; 26(17):2135-44.
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• Lapin ZJ, Höppener C, Gelbard HA, Novotny L. Near-field Quantification of Complement Receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) Protein Clustering in Human Erythrocytes. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Sep; 7(3):539-43.
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• Liu W, Ren Y, Bossert A, Wang X, Dayawansa S, Tong J, He X, Smith DH, Gelbard HA, Huang JH. Allotransplanted neurons used to repair peripheral nerve injury do not elicit overt immunogenicity. PLoS One. 2012; 7(2):e31675.
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• Lu SM, Tremblay MÈ, King IL, Qi J, Reynolds HM, Marker DF, Varrone JJ, Majewska AK, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. HIV-1 Tat-induced microgliosis and synaptic damage via interactions between peripheral and central myeloid cells. PLoS One. 2011; 6(9):e23915.
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• Dash PK, Gorantla S, Gendelman HE, Knibbe J, Casale GP, Makarov E, Epstein AA, Gelbard HA, Boska MD, Poluektova LY. Loss of neuronal integrity during progressive HIV-1 infection of humanized mice. J Neurosci. 2011 Mar 2; 31(9):3148-57.
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• Perry SW, Norman JP, Barbieri J, Brown EB, Gelbard HA. Mitochondrial membrane potential probes and the proton gradient: a practical usage guide. Biotechniques. 2011 Feb; 50(2):98-115.
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• Polesskaya O, Cunningham LL, Francis SP, Luebke AE, Zhu X, Collins D, Vasilyeva ON, Sahler J, Desmet EA, Gelbard HA, Maggirwar SB, Walton JP, Frisina RD, Dewhurst S. Ablation of mixed lineage kinase 3 (Mlk3) does not inhibit ototoxicity induced by acoustic trauma or aminoglycoside exposure. Hear Res. 2010 Dec 1; 270(1-2):21-7.
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• Perry SW, Barbieri J, Tong N, Polesskaya O, Pudasaini S, Stout A, Lu R, Kiebala M, Maggirwar SB, Gelbard HA. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat activates calpain proteases via the ryanodine receptor to enhance surface dopamine transporter levels and increase transporter-specific uptake and Vmax. J Neurosci. 2010 Oct 20; 30(42):14153-64.
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• Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S, Maggirwar SB, Kiebala M, Polesskaya O, Gendelman HE. Rebuilding synaptic architecture in HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disease: a therapeutic strategy based on modulation of mixed lineage kinase. Neurotherapeutics. 2010 Oct; 7(4):392-8.
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• Kasischke KA, Lambert EM, Panepento B, Sun A, Gelbard HA, Burgess RW, Foster TH, Nedergaard M. Two-photon NADH imaging exposes boundaries of oxygen diffusion in cortical vascular supply regions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011 Jan; 31(1):68-81.
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• Marker DF, Tremblay ME, Lu SM, Majewska AK, Gelbard HA. A thin-skull window technique for chronic two-photon in vivo imaging of murine microglia in models of neuroinflammation. J Vis Exp. 2010; (43).
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• Kapetanovic S, Leister E, Nichols S, Miller T, Tassiopoulos K, Hazra R, Gelbard HA, Malee KM, Kammerer B, Mendez AJ, Williams PL. Relationships between markers of vascular dysfunction and neurodevelopmental outcomes in perinatally HIV-infected youth. AIDS. 2010 Jun 19; 24(10):1481-91.
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• Eggert D, Dash PK, Gorantla S, Dou H, Schifitto G, Maggirwar SB, Dewhurst S, Poluektova L, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE. Neuroprotective activities of CEP-1347 in models of neuroAIDS. J Immunol. 2010 Jan 15; 184(2):746-56.
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• Eggert D, Dash PK, Serradji N, Dong CZ, Clayette P, Heymans F, Dou H, Gorantla S, Gelbard HA, Poluektova L, Gendelman HE. Development of a platelet-activating factor antagonist for HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Aug 18; 213(1-2):47-59.
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• Joseph J, Clifford D, Douglas SD, Fox H, Gendelman HE, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Grant I, Major E, McArthur J. Planning Future Strategies for Domestic and International NeuroAIDS Research, July 24-25, 2008. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2009 Sep; 4(3):283-97.
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• Schifitto G, Zhong J, Gill D, Peterson DR, Gaugh MD, Zhu T, Tivarus M, Cruttenden K, Maggirwar SB, Gendelman HE, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. Lithium therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated neurocognitive impairment. J Neurovirol. 2009 Apr; 15(2):176-86.
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• Norman JP, Perry SW, Reynolds HM, Kiebala M, De Mesy Bentley KL, Trejo M, Volsky DJ, Maggirwar SB, Dewhurst S, Masliah E, Gelbard HA. HIV-1 Tat activates neuronal ryanodine receptors with rapid induction of the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial hyperpolarization. PLoS One. 2008; 3(11):e3731.
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• DiCenzo R, Peterson DR, Cruttenden K, Mariuz P, Rezk NL, Hochreiter J, Gelbard H, Schifitto G. Effects of minocycline and valproic acid coadministration on atazanavir plasma concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults receiving atazanavir-ritonavir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep; 52(9):3035-9.
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• Sui Z, Sniderhan LF, Schifitto G, Phipps RP, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S, Maggirwar SB. Functional synergy between CD40 ligand and HIV-1 Tat contributes to inflammation: implications in HIV type 1 dementia. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 1; 178(5):3226-36.
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• Lu SM, Tong N, Gelbard HA. The phospholipid mediator platelet-activating factor mediates striatal synaptic facilitation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Jun; 2(2):194-201.
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• Norman JP, Perry SW, Kasischke KA, Volsky DJ, Gelbard HA. HIV-1 trans activator of transcription protein elicits mitochondrial hyperpolarization and respiratory deficit, with dysregulation of complex IV and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis in cortical neurons. J Immunol. 2007 Jan 15; 178(2):869-76.
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• Dewhurst S, Maggirwar SB, Schifitto G, Gendelman HE, Gelbard HA. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta) as a therapeutic target in neuroAIDS. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Mar; 2(1):93-6.
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• Sui Z, Fan S, Sniderhan L, Reisinger E, Litzburg A, Schifitto G, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S, Maggirwar SB. Inhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 prevents HIV-1 Tat-mediated neurotoxicity and monocyte activation. J Immunol. 2006 Jul 1; 177(1):702-11.
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• Sui Z, Sniderhan LF, Fan S, Kazmierczak K, Reisinger E, Kovács AD, Potash MJ, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA, Maggirwar SB. Human immunodeficiency virus-encoded Tat activates glycogen synthase kinase-3beta to antagonize nuclear factor-kappaB survival pathway in neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 May; 23(10):2623-34.
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• Schifitto G, Peterson DR, Zhong J, Ni H, Cruttenden K, Gaugh M, Gendelman HE, Boska M, Gelbard H. Valproic acid adjunctive therapy for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: a first report. Neurology. 2006 Mar 28; 66(6):919-21.
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• Bellizzi MJ, Lu SM, Gelbard HA. Protecting the synapse: evidence for a rational strategy to treat HIV-1 associated neurologic disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2006 Mar; 1(1):20-31.
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• Bellizzi MJ, Lu SM, Masliah E, Gelbard HA. Synaptic activity becomes excitotoxic in neurons exposed to elevated levels of platelet-activating factor. J Clin Invest. 2005 Nov; 115(11):3185-92.
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• Perry SW, Norman JP, Gelbard HA. Adjunctive therapies for HIV-1 associated neurologic disease. Neurotox Res. 2005 Oct; 8(1-2):161-6.
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• Dou H, Ellison B, Bradley J, Kasiyanov A, Poluektova LY, Xiong H, Maggirwar S, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE. Neuroprotective mechanisms of lithium in murine human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 14; 25(37):8375-85.
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• Nelson JA, Dou H, Ellison B, Uberti M, Xiong H, Anderson E, Mellon M, Gelbard HA, Boska M, Gendelman HE. Coregistration of quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with neuropathological and neurophysiological analyses defines the extent of neuronal impairments in murine human immunodeficiency virus type-1 encephalitis. J Neurosci Res. 2005 May 15; 80(4):562-75.
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• Perry SW, Norman JP, Litzburg A, Zhang D, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription protein induces mitochondrial hyperpolarization and synaptic stress leading to apoptosis. J Immunol. 2005 Apr 1; 174(7):4333-44.
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• Nitkiewicz J, Chao W, Bentsman G, Li J, Kim SY, Choi SY, Grunig G, Gelbard H, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ. Productive infection of primary murine astrocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in culture. J Neurovirol. 2004 Dec; 10(6):400-8.
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• Perry SW, Norman JP, Litzburg A, Gelbard HA. Antioxidants are required during the early critical period, but not later, for neuronal survival. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Nov 15; 78(4):485-92.
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• DiCenzo R, Peterson D, Cruttenden K, Morse G, Riggs G, Gelbard H, Schifitto G. Effects of valproic acid coadministration on plasma efavirenz and lopinavir concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Nov; 48(11):4328-31.
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• Ramirez SH, Fan S, Maguire CA, Perry S, Hardiek K, Ramkumar V, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S, Maggirwar SB. Activation of adenosine A2A receptor protects sympathetic neurons against nerve growth factor withdrawal. J Neurosci Res. 2004 Jul 15; 77(2):258-69.
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• Latchney LR, Fallon MA, Culp DJ, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. Immunohistochemical assessment of fractalkine, inflammatory cells, and human herpesvirus 7 in human salivary glands. J Histochem Cytochem. 2004 May; 52(5):671-81.
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• Guo H, Liu D, Gelbard H, Cheng T, Insalaco R, Fernández JA, Griffin JH, Zlokovic BV. Activated protein C prevents neuronal apoptosis via protease activated receptors 1 and 3. Neuron. 2004 Feb 19; 41(4):563-72.
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• Gelbard HA. Synapses and Sisyphus: life without paraplegin. J Clin Invest. 2004 Jan; 113(2):185-7.
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• Wang Z, Trillo-Pazos G, Kim SY, Canki M, Morgello S, Sharer LR, Gelbard HA, Su ZZ, Kang DC, Brooks AI, Fisher PB, Volsky DJ. Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on astrocyte gene expression and function: potential role in neuropathogenesis. J Neurovirol. 2004; 10 Suppl 1:25-32.
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• Dou H, Kingsley JD, Mosley RL, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE. Neuroprotective strategies for HIV-1 associated dementia. Neurotox Res. 2004; 6(7-8):503-21.
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• Dou H, Birusingh K, Faraci J, Gorantla S, Poluektova LY, Maggirwar SB, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE. Neuroprotective activities of sodium valproate in a murine model of human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis. J Neurosci. 2003 Oct 8; 23(27):9162-70.
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• Wang Z, Pekarskaya O, Bencheikh M, Chao W, Gelbard HA, Ghorpade A, Rothstein JD, Volsky DJ. Reduced expression of glutamate transporter EAAT2 and impaired glutamate transport in human primary astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 or gp120. Virology. 2003 Jul 20; 312(1):60-73.
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• Perry SW, Dewhurst S, Bellizzi MJ, Gelbard HA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain: Conflicting effects via intraneuronal receptor crosstalk? J Neurovirol. 2002 Dec; 8(6):611-24.
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• Diesing TS, Swindells S, Gelbard H, Gendelman HE. HIV-1-associated dementia: a basic science and clinical perspective. AIDS Read. 2002 Aug; 12(8):358-68.
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• Ramirez SH, Sanchez JF, Dimitri CA, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S, Maggirwar SB. Neurotrophins prevent HIV Tat-induced neuronal apoptosis via a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent mechanism. J Neurochem. 2001 Aug; 78(4):874-89.
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• Tong N, Sanchez JF, Maggirwar SB, Ramirez SH, Guo H, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. Activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) by platelet activating factor mediates migration and cell death in cerebellar granule neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2001 May; 13(10):1913-22.
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• Zhu Y, Gelbard HA, Roshal M, Pursell S, Jamieson BD, Planelles V. Comparison of cell cycle arrest, transactivation, and apoptosis induced by the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr genes. J Virol. 2001 Apr; 75(8):3791-801.
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• Guo H, Tong N, Turner T, Epstein LG, McDermott MP, Kilgannon P, Gelbard HA. Release of the neuronal glycoprotein ICAM-5 in serum after hypoxic-ischemic injury. Ann Neurol. 2000 Oct; 48(4):590-602.
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• Maggirwar SB, Ramirez S, Tong N, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. Functional interplay between nuclear factor-kappaB and c-Jun integrated by coactivator p300 determines the survival of nerve growth factor-dependent PC12 cells. J Neurochem. 2000 Feb; 74(2):527-39.
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• Tong N, Perry SW, Zhang Q, James HJ, Guo H, Brooks A, Bal H, Kinnear SA, Fine S, Epstein LG, Dairaghi D, Schall TJ, Gendelman HE, Dewhurst S, Sharer LR, Gelbard HA. Neuronal fractalkine expression in HIV-1 encephalitis: roles for macrophage recruitment and neuroprotection in the central nervous system. J Immunol. 2000 Feb 1; 164(3):1333-9.
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• James HJ, Sharer LR, Zhang Q, Wang HG, Epstein LG, Reed JC, Gelbard HA. Expression of caspase-3 in brains from paediatric patients with HIV-1 encephalitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1999 Oct; 25(5):380-6.
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• Zheng J, Thylin MR, Ghorpade A, Xiong H, Persidsky Y, Cotter R, Niemann D, Che M, Zeng YC, Gelbard HA, Shepard RB, Swartz JM, Gendelman HE. Intracellular CXCR4 signaling, neuronal apoptosis and neuropathogenic mechanisms of HIV-1-associated dementia. J Neuroimmunol. 1999 Aug 3; 98(2):185-200.
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• Maggirwar SB, Tong N, Ramirez S, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. HIV-1 Tat-mediated activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta contributes to Tat-mediated neurotoxicity. J Neurochem. 1999 Aug; 73(2):578-86.
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• Schifitto G, Sacktor N, Marder K, McDermott MP, McArthur JC, Kieburtz K, Small S, Epstein LG. Randomized trial of the platelet-activating factor antagonist lexipafant in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Neurological AIDS Research Consortium. Neurology. 1999 Jul 22; 53(2):391-6.
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• Epstein LG, Gelbard HA. HIV-1-induced neuronal injury in the developing brain. J Leukoc Biol. 1999 Apr; 65(4):453-7.
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• Brooks AI, Chadwick CA, Gelbard HA, Cory-Slechta DA, Federoff HJ. Paraquat elicited neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dopaminergic neuron loss. Brain Res. 1999 Mar 27; 823(1-2):1-10.
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• Fine SM, Maggirwar SB, Elliott PR, Epstein LG, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. Proteasome blockers inhibit TNF-alpha release by lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages and microglia: implications for HIV-1 dementia. J Neuroimmunol. 1999 Mar 1; 95(1-2):55-64.
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• Gelbard HA. Neuroprotective strategies for HIV-1-associated neurologic disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999; 890:312-3.
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• Hodge S, Novembre FJ, Whetter L, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. Induction of fas ligand expression by an acutely lethal simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVsmmPBj14. Virology. 1998 Dec 20; 252(2):354-63.
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• Deng SX, Panahian N, James H, Gelbard HA, Federoff HJ, Dewhurst S, Epstein LG. Luciferase: a sensitive and quantitative probe for blood-brain barrier disruption. J Neurosci Methods. 1998 Sep 1; 83(2):159-64.
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• Perry SW, Hamilton JA, Tjoelker LW, Dbaibo G, Dzenko KA, Epstein LG, Hannun Y, Whittaker JS, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. Platelet-activating factor receptor activation. An initiator step in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 10; 273(28):17660-4.
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• New DR, Maggirwar SB, Epstein LG, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. HIV-1 Tat induces neuronal death via tumor necrosis factor-alpha and activation of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by a NFkappaB-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 10; 273(28):17852-8.
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• Teicher MH, Andersen SL, Campbell A, Gelbard HA, Baldessarini RJ. Progressive accumbens degeneration after neonatal striatal 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. Neurosci Lett. 1998 May 15; 247(2-3):99-102.
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• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of deprenyl and thioctic acid in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cognitive impairment. Dana Consortium on the Therapy of HIV Dementia and Related Cognitive Disorders. Neurology. 1998 Mar; 50(3):645-51.
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• Safety and tolerability of the antioxidant OPC-14117 in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. The Dana Consortium on the Therapy of HIV Dementia and Related Cognitive Disorders. Neurology. 1997 Jul; 49(1):142-6.
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• Krajewski S, James HJ, Ross J, Blumberg BM, Epstein LG, Gendelman HE, Gummuluru S, Dewhurst S, Sharer LR, Reed JC, Gelbard HA. Expression of pro- and anti-apoptosis gene products in brains from paediatric patients with HIV-1 encephalitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1997 Jun; 23(3):242-53.
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• Perry SW, Epstein LG, Gelbard HA. Simultaneous in situ detection of apoptosis and necrosis in monolayer cultures by TUNEL and trypan blue staining. Biotechniques. 1997 Jun; 22(6):1102-6.
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• Perry SW, Epstein LG, Gelbard HA. In situ trypan blue staining of monolayer cell cultures for permanent fixation and mounting. Biotechniques. 1997 Jun; 22(6):1020-1, 1024.
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• New DR, Ma M, Epstein LG, Nath A, Gelbard HA. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein induces death by apoptosis in primary human neuron cultures. J Neurovirol. 1997 Apr; 3(2):168-73.
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• Canki M, Potash MJ, Bentsman G, Chao W, Flynn T, Heinemann M, Gelbard H, Volsky DJ. Isolation and long-term culture of primary ocular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in primary astrocytes. J Neurovirol. 1997 Feb; 3(1):10-5.
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• Gelbard HA, Boustany RM, Schor NF. Apoptosis in development and disease of the nervous system: II. Apoptosis in childhood neurologic disease. Pediatr Neurol. 1997 Feb; 16(2):93-7.
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• Clinical confirmation of the American Academy of Neurology algorithm for HIV-1-associated cognitive/motor disorder. The Dana Consortium on Therapy for HIV Dementia and Related Cognitive Disorders. Neurology. 1996 Nov; 47(5):1247-53.
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• Gummuluru S, Novembre FJ, Lewis M, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. Apoptosis correlates with immune activation in intestinal lymphoid tissue from macaques acutely infected by a highly enteropathic simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVsmmPBj14. Virology. 1996 Nov 1; 225(1):21-32.
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• Persidsky Y, Limoges J, McComb R, Bock P, Baldwin T, Tyor W, Patil A, Nottet HS, Epstein L, Gelbard H, Flanagan E, Reinhard J, Pirruccello SJ, Gendelman HE. Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis in SCID mice. Am J Pathol. 1996 Sep; 149(3):1027-53.
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• Fine SM, Angel RA, Perry SW, Epstein LG, Rothstein JD, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits glutamate uptake by primary human astrocytes. Implications for pathogenesis of HIV-1 dementia. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 28; 271(26):15303-6.
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• Sharer LR, Saito Y, Da Cunha A, Ung PC, Gelbard HA, Epstein LG, Blumberg BM. In situ amplification and detection of HIV-1 DNA in fixed pediatric AIDS brain tissue. Hum Pathol. 1996 Jun; 27(6):614-7.
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• Nottet HS, Flanagan EM, Flanagan CR, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE, Reinhard JF. The regulation of quinolinic acid in human immunodeficiency virus-infected monocytes. J Neurovirol. 1996 Apr; 2(2):111-7.
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• Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA, Fine SM. Neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Mol Med Today. 1996 Jan; 2(1):16-23.
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• Dollard SC, James HJ, Sharer LR, Epstein LG, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in brains from children with HIV-1 encephalitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1995 Dec; 21(6):518-28.
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• Gelbard HA, Epstein LG. HIV-1 encephalopathy in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 1995 Dec; 7(6):655-62.
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• Gelbard HA, James HJ, Sharer LR, Perry SW, Saito Y, Kazee AM, Blumberg BM, Epstein LG. Apoptotic neurons in brains from paediatric patients with HIV-1 encephalitis and progressive encephalopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1995 Jun; 21(3):208-17.
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• Talley AK, Dewhurst S, Perry SW, Dollard SC, Gummuluru S, Fine SM, New D, Epstein LG, Gendelman HE, Gelbard HA. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in human neuronal cells: protection by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the genes bcl-2 and crmA. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 May; 15(5):2359-66.
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• Gelbard HA, Nottet HS, Swindells S, Jett M, Dzenko KA, Genis P, White R, Wang L, Choi YB, Zhang D, et al. Platelet-activating factor: a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced neurotoxin. J Virol. 1994 Jul; 68(7):4628-35.
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• Blumberg BM, Gelbard HA, Epstein LG. HIV-1 infection of the developing nervous system: central role of astrocytes in pathogenesis. Virus Res. 1994 May; 32(2):253-67.
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• Gelbard HA, Applegate CD. Persistent increases in dopamine D2 receptor mRNA expression in basal ganglia following kindling. Epilepsy Res. 1994 Jan; 17(1):23-9.
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• Teicher MH, Barber NI, Gelbard HA, Gallitano AL, Campbell A, Marsh E, Baldessarini RJ. Developmental differences in acute nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic system response to haloperidol. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 Sep; 9(2):147-56.
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• Faedda GL, Tondo L, Teicher MH, Baldessarini RJ, Gelbard HA, Floris GF. Seasonal mood disorders. Patterns of seasonal recurrence in mania and depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 Jan; 50(1):17-23.
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• Gelbard HA, Dzenko KA, DiLoreto D, del Cerro C, del Cerro M, Epstein LG. Neurotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in primary human neuronal cultures are mediated by activation of the glutamate AMPA receptor subtype: implications for AIDS neuropathogenesis. Dev Neurosci. 1993; 15(6):417-22.
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• Ito Y, Teicher MH, Glod CA, Harper D, Magnus E, Gelbard HA. Increased prevalence of electrophysiological abnormalities in children with psychological, physical, and sexual abuse. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1993; 5(4):401-8.
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• Genis P, Jett M, Bernton EW, Boyle T, Gelbard HA, Dzenko K, Keane RW, Resnick L, Mizrachi Y, Volsky DJ, et al. Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV disease. J Exp Med. 1992 Dec 1; 176(6):1703-18.
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• Kieburtz KD, Epstein LG, Gelbard HA, Greenamyre JT. Excitotoxicity and dopaminergic dysfunction in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex. Therapeutic implications. Arch Neurol. 1991 Dec; 48(12):1281-4.
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• Teicher MH, Gallitano AL, Gelbard HA, Evans HK, Marsh ER, Booth RG, Baldessarini RJ. Dopamine D1 autoreceptor function: possible expression in developing rat prefrontal cortex and striatum. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1991 Nov 19; 63(1-2):229-35.
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• Gelbard HA, Teicher MH, Baldessarini RJ, Gallitano A, Marsh ER, Zorc J, Faedda G. Dopamine D1 receptor development depends on endogenous dopamine. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1990 Oct 1; 56(1):137-40.
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• Gelbard HA, Teicher MH, Faedda G, Baldessarini RJ. Postnatal development of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor sites in rat striatum. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1989 Sep 1; 49(1):123-30.
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• Gelbard HA, Stern PH, U'Prichard DC. Characteristics of [3H]1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 binding to nuclear fractions from rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cells. Life Sci. 1981 Sep 7; 29(10):1051-6.
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• Gelbard HA, Stern PH, U'Prichard DC. 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 nuclear receptors in pituitary. Science. 1980 Sep 12; 209(4462):1247-9.
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