Edward Schwarz
| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Orthopaedics in the Center for Musculoskeletal Research |
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| Address | University of Rochester Medical Center
School of Medicine and Dentistry
601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665
Rochester NY 14642
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| Title | Director |
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| Institution | University of Rochester Medical Center |
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| Department | Center for Musculoskeletal Research |
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Microbiology and Immunology |
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Urology |
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Pathology and Laboratory Medicine |
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Medicine |
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| Division | Medicine - Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology |
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Biomedical Engineering |
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| 1999 |
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| New Investigator Research Award, The Association of Bone & Joint Surgeons . | | 1999 |
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| University of Rochester Nominee for the Sinshimmer Award. | | 1999 |
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| University of Rochester Nominee for the Elison Award. | | 2003 |
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| Orthopaedic Research Society's Harris Award | | 2005 |
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| Orthopaedic Research Society's Kappa Delta Young Investigator Award | | 2007 |
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| J.R. Neff Award, Musculoskeletal Research Foundation |
Dr. Schwarz is Professor of Orthopaedics and Associate Director of the
Center for Musculoskeletal Research at URMC. His laboratory focuses on
finding solutions to bone loss due to conditions such as rheumatoid
arthritis, infections, tumors that spread to bone, and bone destruction near
the implants used in reconstructive surgery.
Several genes are known to turn on the healing process in bone. Dr.
Schwarz's group loads these genes into harmless virus particles. The
particles are coated onto experimental bone implants to deliver therapeutic
genes to the area of reconstruction, thus improving bone healing. The
cartilage that lines joints in mice can be encouraged to heal more
completely when virus particles deliver therapeutic genes too.
An additional interest of Dr. Schwarz's lab is the use of magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) and high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans to
visualize the formation of new blood vessels as patients heal.
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Li J, Ju Y, Bouta EM, Xing L, Wood RW, Kuzin I, Bottaro A, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM. Efficacy of B cell depletion therapy for murine joint arthritis flare is associated with increased lymphatic flow. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jan; 65(1):130-8.
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Farhat YM, Al-Maliki AA, Chen T, Juneja SC, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Awad HA. Gene Expression Analysis of the Pleiotropic Effects of TGF-ß1 in an In Vitro Model of Flexor Tendon Healing. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e51411.
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Takahata M, Maher JR, Juneja SC, Inzana J, Xing L, Schwarz EM, Berger AJ, Awad HA. Mechanisms of bone fragility in a mouse model of glucocorticoid-treated rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for insufficiency fracture risk. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Nov; 64(11):3649-59.
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Ben Arav A, Pelled G, Zilberman Y, Kimelman-Bleich N, Gazit Z, Schwarz EM, Gazit D. Adeno-associated virus-coated allografts: a novel approach for cranioplasty. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2012 Nov; 6(10):e43-50.
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Santoni BG, Ehrhart N, Betancourt-Benitez R, Beck CA, Schwarz EM. Quantifying massive allograft healing of the canine femur in vivo and ex vivo: a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Sep; 470(9):2478-87.
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Wang M, Tang D, Shu B, Wang B, Jin H, Hao S, Dresser KA, Shen J, Im HJ, Sampson ER, Rubery PT, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Wang Y, Chen D. Conditional activation of ß-catenin signaling in mice leads to severe defects in intervertebral disc tissue. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Aug; 64(8):2611-23.
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Loiselle AE, Frisch BJ, Wolenski M, Jacobson JA, Calvi LM, Schwarz EM, Awad HA, O'Keefe RJ. Bone marrow-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with fibrous adhesion formation after murine flexor tendon injury. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7):e40602.
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Moshkani S, Kuzin II, Adewale F, Jansson J, Sanz I, Schwarz EM, Bottaro A. CD23+CD21highCD1dhigh B Cells in Inflamed Lymph Nodes Are a Locally Differentiated Population with Increased Antigen Capture and Activation Potential. J Immunol. 2012 Jun 15; 188(12):5944-53.
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Zuch D, Giang AH, Shapovalov Y, Schwarz E, Rosier R, O'Keefe R, Eliseev RA. Targeting radioresistant osteosarcoma cells with parthenolide. J Cell Biochem. 2012 Apr; 113(4):1282-91.
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Kimelman Bleich N, Kallai I, Lieberman JR, Schwarz EM, Pelled G, Gazit D. Gene therapy approaches to regenerating bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Sep; 64(12):1320-30.
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Ju Y, Rahimi H, Li J, Wood RW, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Validation of 3-dimensional ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging quantification of popliteal lymph node volume as a biomarker of erosive inflammatory arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jun; 64(6):2048-50.
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Takahata M, Schwarz EM, Chen T, O'Keefe RJ, Awad HA. Delayed short-course treatment with teriparatide (PTH(1-34) ) improves femoral allograft healing by enhancing intramembranous bone formation at the graft-host junction. J Bone Miner Res. 2012 Jan; 27(1):26-37.
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Chiu YH, Mensah KA, Schwarz EM, Ju Y, Takahata M, Feng C, McMahon LA, Hicks DG, Panepento B, Keng PC, Ritchlin CT. Regulation of human osteoclast development by dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). J Bone Miner Res. 2012 Jan; 27(1):79-92.
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Bouta EM, Wood RW, Perry SW, Brown EB, Ritchlin CT, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Measuring intranodal pressure and lymph viscosity to elucidate mechanisms of arthritic flare and therapeutic outcomes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec; 1240(1):47-52.
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Sampson ER, Hilton MJ, Tian Y, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Mooney RA, Bukata SV, O'Keefe RJ, Awad H, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ. Teriparatide as a chondroregenerative therapy for injury-induced osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2011 Sep 21; 3(101):101ra93.
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Li J, Zhou Q, Wood RW, Kuzin I, Bottaro A, Ritchlin CT, Xing L, Schwarz EM. CD23+/CD21hi B-cell translocation and ipsilateral lymph node collapse is associated with asymmetric arthritic flare in TNF-Tg mice. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011; 13(4):R138.
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Xie C, Schwarz EM, Sampson ER, Dhillon RS, Li D, O'Keefe RJ, Tyler W. Unique angiogenic and vasculogenic properties of renal cell carcinoma in a xenograft model of bone metastasis are associated with high levels of vegf-a and decreased ang-1 expression. J Orthop Res. 2012 Feb; 30(2):325-33.
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Zhou Q, Guo R, Wood R, Boyce BF, Liang Q, Wang YJ, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Vascular endothelial growth factor C attenuates joint damage in chronic inflammatory arthritis by accelerating local lymphatic drainage in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Aug; 63(8):2318-28.
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Dupont KM, Boerckel JD, Stevens HY, Diab T, Kolambkar YM, Takahata M, Schwarz EM, Guldberg RE. Synthetic scaffold coating with adeno-associated virus encoding BMP2 to promote endogenous bone repair. Cell Tissue Res. 2012 Mar; 347(3):575-88.
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Sampson ER, Martin BA, Morris AE, Xie C, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN. The orally bioavailable met inhibitor PF-2341066 inhibits osteosarcoma growth and osteolysis/matrix production in a xenograft model. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Jun; 26(6):1283-94.
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Takahata M, Awad HA, O'Keefe RJ, Bukata SV, Schwarz EM. Endogenous tissue engineering: PTH therapy for skeletal repair. Cell Tissue Res. 2012 Mar; 347(3):545-52.
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Myakishev-Rempel M, Kuper J, Mintz B, Hutchinson S, Voris J, Zavislan K, Offley S, Nardia FB, Yaseen Z, Yen T, Zavislan JM, Maloney MD, Schwarz EM. Investigation of the peak action wavelength of light-activated gene transduction. Gene Ther. 2011 Nov; 18(11):1043-51.
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Zhang M, Ho HC, Sheu TJ, Breyer MD, Flick LM, Jonason JH, Awad HA, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. EP1(-/-) mice have enhanced osteoblast differentiation and accelerated fracture repair. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Apr; 26(4):792-802.
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Papuga MO, Kwok E, You Z, Rubery PT, Dougherty PE, Pryhuber G, Beck CA, Hilton MJ, Awad HA, Schwarz EM. TNF is required for the induction but not the maintenance of compression-induced BME signals in murine tail vertebrae: limitations of anti-TNF therapy for degenerative disc disease. J Orthop Res. 2011 Sep; 29(9):1367-74.
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Sampson ER, Beck CA, Ketz J, Canary KL, Hilton MJ, Awad H, Schwarz EM, Chen D, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ. Establishment of an index with increased sensitivity for assessing murine arthritis. J Orthop Res. 2011 Aug; 29(8):1145-51.
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Yazici C, Takahata M, Reynolds DG, Xie C, Samulski RJ, Samulski J, Beecham EJ, Gertzman AA, Spilker M, Zhang X, O'Keefe RJ, Awad HA, Schwarz EM. Self-complementary AAV2.5-BMP2-coated femoral allografts mediated superior bone healing versus live autografts in mice with equivalent biomechanics to unfractured femur. Mol Ther. 2011 Aug; 19(8):1416-25.
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Yanoso-Scholl L, Jacobson JA, Bradica G, Lerner AL, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Zuscik MJ, Awad HA. Evaluation of dense polylactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Dec 1; 95(3):717-26.
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Jacobson JA, Yanoso-Scholl L, Reynolds DG, Dadali T, Bradica G, Bukata S, Puzas EJ, Zuscik MJ, Rosier R, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Awad HA. Teriparatide therapy and beta-tricalcium phosphate enhance scaffold reconstruction of mouse femoral defects. Tissue Eng Part A. 2011 Feb; 17(3-4):389-98.
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Sampson ER, Amin V, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN. The histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat selectively sensitizes fibrosarcoma cells to chemotherapy. J Orthop Res. 2011 Apr; 29(4):623-32.
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Reynolds DG, Takahata M, Lerner AL, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Awad HA. Teriparatide therapy enhances devitalized femoral allograft osseointegration and biomechanics in a murine model. Bone. 2011 Mar 1; 48(3):562-70.
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Papuga MO, Proulx ST, Kwok E, You Z, Rubery PT, Dougherty PE, Hilton MJ, Awad HA, Schwarz EM. Chronic axial compression of the mouse tail segment induces MRI bone marrow edema changes that correlate with increased marrow vasculature and cellularity. J Orthop Res. 2010 Sep; 28(9):1220-8.
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Li TF, Gao L, Sheu TJ, Sampson ER, Flick LM, Konttinen YT, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Zuscik MJ, Jonason JH, O'Keefe RJ. Aberrant hypertrophy in Smad3-deficient murine chondrocytes is rescued by restoring transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1/activating transcription factor 2 signaling: a potential clinical implication for osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Aug; 62(8):2359-69.
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Gunnell LM, Jonason JH, Loiselle AE, Kohn A, Schwarz EM, Hilton MJ, O'Keefe RJ. TAK1 regulates cartilage and joint development via the MAPK and BMP signaling pathways. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Aug; 25(8):1784-97.
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Zhou Q, Wood R, Schwarz EM, Wang YJ, Xing L. Near-infrared lymphatic imaging demonstrates the dynamics of lymph flow and lymphangiogenesis during the acute versus chronic phases of arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jul; 62(7):1881-9.
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Li J, Kuzin I, Moshkani S, Proulx ST, Xing L, Skrombolas D, Dunn R, Sanz I, Schwarz EM, Bottaro A. Expanded CD23(+)/CD21(hi) B cells in inflamed lymph nodes are associated with the onset of inflammatory-erosive arthritis in TNF-transgenic mice and are targets of anti-CD20 therapy. J Immunol. 2010 Jun 1; 184(11):6142-50.
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Mensah KA, Mathian A, Ma L, Xing L, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM. Mediation of nonerosive arthritis in a mouse model of lupus by interferon-alpha-stimulated monocyte differentiation that is nonpermissive of osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Apr; 62(4):1127-37.
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Mensah KA, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM. RANKL induces heterogeneous DC-STAMP(lo) and DC-STAMP(hi) osteoclast precursors of which the DC-STAMP(lo) precursors are the master fusogens. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Apr; 223(1):76-83.
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Li D, Gromov K, Proulx ST, Xie C, Li J, Crane DP, Søballe K, O'Keefe RJ, Awad HA, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Effects of antiresorptive agents on osteomyelitis: novel insights into the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Mar; 1192:84-94.
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Pelled G, Ben-Arav A, Hock C, Reynolds DG, Yazici C, Zilberman Y, Gazit Z, Awad H, Gazit D, Schwarz EM. Direct gene therapy for bone regeneration: gene delivery, animal models, and outcome measures. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2010 Feb; 16(1):13-20.
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Chiu YG, Shao T, Feng C, Mensah KA, Thullen M, Schwarz EM, Ritchlin CT. CD16 (FcRgammaIII) as a potential marker of osteoclast precursors in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010; 12(1):R14.
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Schwarz EM, Proulx ST, Ritchlin CT, Boyce BF, Xing L. The role of bone marrow edema and lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory-erosive arthritis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 658:1-10.
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Tsutsumi R, Xie C, Wei X, Zhang M, Zhang X, Flick LM, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. PGE2 signaling through the EP4 receptor on fibroblasts upregulates RANKL and stimulates osteolysis. J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Oct; 24(10):1753-62.
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Nasu T, Ito H, Tsutsumi R, Kitaori T, Takemoto M, Schwarz EM, Nakamura T. Biological activation of bone-related biomaterials by recombinant adeno-associated virus vector. J Orthop Res. 2009 Sep; 27(9):1162-8.
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Guo R, Zhou Q, Proulx ST, Wood R, Ji RC, Ritchlin CT, Pytowski B, Zhu Z, Wang YJ, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 blockade increases the severity of inflammation in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Sep; 60(9):2666-76.
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Crane DP, Gromov K, Li D, Søballe K, Wahnes C, Büchner H, Hilton MJ, O'Keefe RJ, Murray CK, Schwarz EM. Efficacy of colistin-impregnated beads to prevent multidrug-resistant A. baumannii implant-associated osteomyelitis. J Orthop Res. 2009 Aug; 27(8):1008-15.
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Xie C, Liang B, Xue M, Lin AS, Loiselle A, Schwarz EM, Guldberg RE, O'Keefe RJ, Zhang X. Rescue of impaired fracture healing in COX-2-/- mice via activation of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 4. Am J Pathol. 2009 Aug; 175(2):772-85.
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Darowish M, Rahman R, Li P, Bukata SV, Gelinas J, Huang W, Flick LM, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Reduction of particle-induced osteolysis by interleukin-6 involves anti-inflammatory effect and inhibition of early osteoclast precursor differentiation. Bone. 2009 Oct; 45(4):661-8.
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Wei X, Zhang X, Flick LM, Drissi H, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Titanium particles stimulate COX-2 expression in synovial fibroblasts through an oxidative stress-induced, calpain-dependent, NF-kappaB pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Aug; 297(2):C310-20.
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Loiselle AE, Bragdon GA, Jacobson JA, Hasslund S, Cortes ZE, Schwarz EM, Mitten DJ, Awad HA, O'Keefe RJ. Remodeling of murine intrasynovial tendon adhesions following injury: MMP and neotendon gene expression. J Orthop Res. 2009 Jun; 27(6):833-40.
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Reynolds DG, Shaikh S, Papuga MO, Lerner AL, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Awad HA. muCT-based measurement of cortical bone graft-to-host union. J Bone Miner Res. 2009 May; 24(5):899-907.
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Kitaori T, Ito H, Schwarz EM, Tsutsumi R, Yoshitomi H, Oishi S, Nakano M, Fujii N, Nagasawa T, Nakamura T. Stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCR4 signaling is critical for the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the fracture site during skeletal repair in a mouse model. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Mar; 60(3):813-23.
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Naik AA, Xie C, Zuscik MJ, Kingsley P, Schwarz EM, Awad H, Guldberg R, Drissi H, Puzas JE, Boyce B, Zhang X, O'Keefe RJ. Reduced COX-2 expression in aged mice is associated with impaired fracture healing. J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Feb; 24(2):251-64.
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Mensah KA, Li J, Schwarz EM. The emerging field of osteoimmunology. Immunol Res. 2009; 45(2-3):100-13.
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Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM. Bone loss in the spondyloarthropathies: role of osteoclast, RANKL, RANK and OPG in the spondyloarthropathies. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009; 649:85-99.
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Wu Q, Kim KO, Sampson ER, Chen D, Awad H, O'Brien T, Puzas JE, Drissi H, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Zuscik MJ, Rosier RN. Induction of an osteoarthritis-like phenotype and degradation of phosphorylated Smad3 by Smurf2 in transgenic mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Oct; 58(10):3132-44.
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Tsutsumi R, Hock C, Bechtold CD, Proulx ST, Bukata SV, Ito H, Awad HA, Nakamura T, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Differential effects of biologic versus bisphosphonate inhibition of wear debris-induced osteolysis assessed by longitudinal micro-CT. J Orthop Res. 2008 Oct; 26(10):1340-6.
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Kaback LA, Soung do Y, Naik A, Geneau G, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H. Teriparatide (1-34 human PTH) regulation of osterix during fracture repair. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Sep 1; 105(1):219-26.
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Fritz V, Noël D, Bouquet C, Opolon P, Voide R, Apparailly F, Louis-Plence P, Bouffi C, Drissi H, Xie C, Perricaudet M, Müller R, Schwarz E, Jorgensen C. Antitumoral activity and osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells expressing the urokinase-type plasminogen antagonist amino-terminal fragment in a murine model of osteolytic tumor. Stem Cells. 2008 Nov; 26(11):2981-90.
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Xie C, Ming X, Wang Q, Schwarz EM, Guldberg RE, O'Keefe RJ, Zhang X. COX-2 from the injury milieu is critical for the initiation of periosteal progenitor cell mediated bone healing. Bone. 2008 Dec; 43(6):1075-83.
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Mensah KA, Schwarz EM, Ritchlin CT. Altered bone remodeling in psoriatic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2008 Aug; 10(4):311-7.
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Proulx ST, Kwok E, You Z, Papuga MO, Beck CA, Shealy DJ, Calvi LM, Ritchlin CT, Awad HA, Boyce BF, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Elucidating bone marrow edema and myelopoiesis in murine arthritis using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jul; 58(7):2019-29.
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Yazici C, Yanoso L, Xie C, Reynolds DG, Samulski RJ, Samulski J, Yannariello-Brown J, Gertzman AA, Zhang X, Awad HA, Schwarz EM. The effect of surface demineralization of cortical bone allograft on the properties of recombinant adeno-associated virus coatings. Biomaterials. 2008 Oct; 29(28):3882-7.
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Guo R, Yamashita M, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Chen D, Reynolds DG, Awad HA, Yanoso L, Zhao L, Schwarz EM, Zhang YE, Boyce BF, Xing L. Ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 mediates tumor necrosis factor-induced systemic bone loss by promoting proteasomal degradation of bone morphogenetic signaling proteins. J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 22; 283(34):23084-92.
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Ehrhart N, Kraft S, Conover D, Rosier RN, Schwarz EM. Quantification of massive allograft healing with dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI and cone beam-CT: a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Aug; 466(8):1897-904.
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Hasslund S, Jacobson JA, Dadali T, Basile P, Ulrich-Vinther M, Søballe K, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Mitten DJ, Awad HA. Adhesions in a murine flexor tendon graft model: autograft versus allograft reconstruction. J Orthop Res. 2008 Jun; 26(6):824-33.
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Zhang X, Awad HA, O'Keefe RJ, Guldberg RE, Schwarz EM. A perspective: engineering periosteum for structural bone graft healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Aug; 466(8):1777-87.
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Zhang Q, Guo R, Schwarz EM, Boyce BF, Xing L. TNF inhibits production of stromal cell-derived factor 1 by bone stromal cells and increases osteoclast precursor mobilization from bone marrow to peripheral blood. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008; 10(2):R37.
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Zhang Q, Guo R, Lu Y, Zhao L, Zhou Q, Schwarz EM, Huang J, Chen D, Jin ZG, Boyce BF, Xing L. VEGF-C, a lymphatic growth factor, is a RANKL target gene in osteoclasts that enhances osteoclastic bone resorption through an autocrine mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 9; 283(19):13491-9.
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Yao Z, Xing L, Qin C, Schwarz EM, Boyce BF. Osteoclast precursor interaction with bone matrix induces osteoclast formation directly by an interleukin-1-mediated autocrine mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11; 283(15):9917-24.
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Xie C, Xue M, Wang Q, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Zhang X. Tamoxifen-inducible CreER-mediated gene targeting in periosteum via bone-graft transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Feb; 90 Suppl 1:9-13.
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Eliseev RA, Dong YF, Sampson E, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN, Drissi MH. Runx2-mediated activation of the Bax gene increases osteosarcoma cell sensitivity to apoptosis. Oncogene. 2008 Jun 5; 27(25):3605-14.
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Basile P, Dadali T, Jacobson J, Hasslund S, Ulrich-Vinther M, Søballe K, Nishio Y, Drissi MH, Langstein HN, Mitten DJ, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Awad HA. Freeze-dried tendon allografts as tissue-engineering scaffolds for Gdf5 gene delivery. Mol Ther. 2008 Mar; 16(3):466-73.
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Covey DC, Aaron RK, Born CT, Calhoun JH, Einhorn TA, Hayda RA, Levin LS, Mazurek MT, Murray CK, Powell ET, Schwarz EM, Wenke JC. Orthopaedic war injuries: from combat casualty care to definitive treatment: a current review of clinical advances, basic science, and research opportunities. Instr Course Lect. 2008; 57:65-86.
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Bauer SM, Williams MA, Howell AP, Schwarz E, Smith ES, Zauderer M. Maximizing immune responses: the effects of covalent peptide linkage to beta-2-microglobulin. Oncol Res. 2008; 17(5):205-16.
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Kaback LA, Soung do Y, Naik A, Smith N, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H. Osterix/Sp7 regulates mesenchymal stem cell mediated endochondral ossification. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Jan; 214(1):173-82.
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Li D, Gromov K, Søballe K, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ, Awad H, Drissi H, Schwarz EM. Quantitative mouse model of implant-associated osteomyelitis and the kinetics of microbial growth, osteolysis, and humoral immunity. J Orthop Res. 2008 Jan; 26(1):96-105.
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Schwarz EM. What potential biologic treatments are available for osteolysis? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008; 16 Suppl 1:S72-5.
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Proulx ST, Kwok E, You Z, Papuga MO, Beck CA, Shealy DJ, Ritchlin CT, Awad HA, Boyce BF, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Longitudinal assessment of synovial, lymph node, and bone volumes in inflammatory arthritis in mice by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and microfocal computed tomography. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Dec; 56(12):4024-37.
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Boyce BF, Yao Z, Zhang Q, Guo R, Lu Y, Schwarz EM, Xing L. New roles for osteoclasts in bone. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Nov; 1116:245-54.
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Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM, Totterman S, Monu J, Feng CY, Shao T, Haas-Smith SA, Ritchlin CT. The effect of etanercept on osteoclast precursor frequency and enhancing bone marrow oedema in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Mar; 67(3):296-301.
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Corsi KA, Schwarz EM, Mooney DJ, Huard J. Regenerative medicine in orthopaedic surgery. J Orthop Res. 2007 Oct; 25(10):1261-8.
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Zuscik MJ, Ma L, Buckley T, Puzas JE, Drissi H, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Lead induces chondrogenesis and alters transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein signaling in mesenchymal cell populations. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Sep; 115(9):1276-82.
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Dong YF, Soung do Y, Chang Y, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Paris M, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Drissi H. Transforming growth factor-beta and Wnt signals regulate chondrocyte differentiation through Twist1 in a stage-specific manner. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Nov; 21(11):2805-20.
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Soung do Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H. Runx3/AML2/Cbfa3 regulates early and late chondrocyte differentiation. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Aug; 22(8):1260-70.
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Awad HA, Zhang X, Reynolds DG, Guldberg RE, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Recent advances in gene delivery for structural bone allografts. Tissue Eng. 2007 Aug; 13(8):1973-85.
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Proulx ST, Kwok E, You Z, Beck CA, Shealy DJ, Ritchlin CT, Boyce BF, Xing L, Schwarz EM. MRI and quantification of draining lymph node function in inflammatory arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Nov; 1117:106-23.
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Kimelman N, Pelled G, Helm GA, Huard J, Schwarz EM, Gazit D. Review: gene- and stem cell-based therapeutics for bone regeneration and repair. Tissue Eng. 2007 Jun; 13(6):1135-50.
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Reynolds DG, Hock C, Shaikh S, Jacobson J, Zhang X, Rubery PT, Beck CA, O'keefe RJ, Lerner AL, Schwarz EM, Awad HA. Micro-computed tomography prediction of biomechanical strength in murine structural bone grafts. J Biomech. 2007; 40(14):3178-86.
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Yamashita T, Yao Z, Li F, Zhang Q, Badell IR, Schwarz EM, Takeshita S, Wagner EF, Noda M, Matsuo K, Xing L, Boyce BF. NF-kappaB p50 and p52 regulate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-induced osteoclast precursor differentiation by activating c-Fos and NFATc1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 22; 282(25):18245-53.
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Xie C, Reynolds D, Awad H, Rubery PT, Pelled G, Gazit D, Guldberg RE, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Zhang X. Structural bone allograft combined with genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a novel platform for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. 2007 Mar; 13(3):435-45.
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Zhang Q, Lu Y, Proulx ST, Guo R, Yao Z, Schwarz EM, Boyce BF, Xing L. Increased lymphangiogenesis in joints of mice with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007; 9(6):R118.
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Schwarz EM, Ritchlin CT. Clinical development of anti-RANKL therapy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007; 9 Suppl 1:S7.
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Boyce BF, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Osteoclast precursors: cytokine-stimulated immunomodulators of inflammatory bone disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Jul; 18(4):427-32.
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Dong YF, Soung do Y, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H. Wnt induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy through the Runx2 transcription factor. J Cell Physiol. 2006 Jul; 208(1):77-86.
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Wood RW, Baggs RB, Schwarz EM, Messing EM. Initial observations of reduced uroflow in transgenic adenocarcinoma of murine prostate. Urology. 2006 Jun; 67(6):1324-8.
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Robertson G, Xie C, Chen D, Awad H, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Guldberg RE, Zhang X. Alteration of femoral bone morphology and density in COX-2-/- mice. Bone. 2006 Oct; 39(4):767-72.
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Li TF, Chen D, Wu Q, Chen M, Sheu TJ, Schwarz EM, Drissi H, Zuscik M, O'Keefe RJ. Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates cyclin D1 expression through activation of beta-catenin signaling in chondrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28; 281(30):21296-304.
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Schwarz EM, Looney RJ, Drissi MH, O'Keefe RJ, Boyce BF, Xing L, Ritchlin CT. Autoimmunity and bone. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Apr; 1068:275-83.
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O'Keefe RJ, Tiyapatanaputi P, Xie C, Li TF, Clark C, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Drissi H, Schwarz E, Zhang X. COX-2 has a critical role during incorporation of structural bone allografts. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Apr; 1068:532-42.
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Maloney MD, Goater JJ, Parsons R, Ito H, O'Keefe RJ, Rubery PT, Drissi MH, Schwarz EM. Safety and efficacy of ultraviolet-a light-activated gene transduction for gene therapy of articular cartilage defects. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Apr; 88(4):753-61.
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Nishio Y, Dong Y, Paris M, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Drissi H. Runx2-mediated regulation of the zinc finger Osterix/Sp7 gene. Gene. 2006 May 10; 372:62-70.
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Yao Z, Li P, Zhang Q, Schwarz EM, Keng P, Arbini A, Boyce BF, Xing L. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases circulating osteoclast precursor numbers by promoting their proliferation and differentiation in the bone marrow through up-regulation of c-Fms expression. J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 28; 281(17):11846-55.
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Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM. Anti-RANKL therapy for inflammatory bone disorders: Mechanisms and potential clinical applications. J Cell Biochem. 2006 Feb 1; 97(2):226-32.
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Looney RJ, Schwarz EM, Boyd A, O'Keefe RJ. Periprosthetic osteolysis: an immunologist's update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Jan; 18(1):80-7.
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Kaneki H, Guo R, Chen D, Yao Z, Schwarz EM, Zhang YE, Boyce BF, Xing L. Tumor necrosis factor promotes Runx2 degradation through up-regulation of Smurf1 and Smurf2 in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem. 2006 Feb 17; 281(7):4326-33.
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Eliseev RA, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H, Rosier RN. Increased radiation-induced apoptosis of Saos2 cells via inhibition of NFkappaB: a role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J Cell Biochem. 2005 Dec 15; 96(6):1262-73.
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Xing L, Schwarz EM, Boyce BF. Osteoclast precursors, RANKL/RANK, and immunology. Immunol Rev. 2005 Dec; 208:19-29.
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Andela VB, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas EJ, Rosenblatt JD, Rosier RN. A genome-wide expression profile and system-level integration of nuclear factor kappa B regulated genes reveals fundamental metabolic adaptations during cell growth and survival. FEBS Lett. 2005 Dec 19; 579(30):6814-20.
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Ulrich-Vinther M, Stengaard C, Schwarz EM, Goldring MB, Soballe K. Adeno-associated vector mediated gene transfer of transforming growth factor-beta1 to normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes stimulates cartilage anabolism. Eur Cell Mater. 2005 Nov 14; 10:40-50.
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Eliseev RA, Schwarz EM, Zuscik MJ, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H, Rosier RN. Smad7 mediates inhibition of Saos2 osteosarcoma cell differentiation by NFkappaB. Exp Cell Res. 2006 Jan 1; 312(1):40-50.
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Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC, Gouze E, Rediske JJ, Schwarz EM, Robbins PD. The 3rd International Meeting on Gene Therapy in Rheumatology and Orthopaedics. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005; 7(6):273-8.
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Zhang X, Naik A, Xie C, Reynolds D, Palmer J, Lin A, Awad H, Guldberg R, Schwarz E, O'Keefe R. Periosteal stem cells are essential for bone revitalization and repair. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005 Oct-Dec; 5(4):360-2.
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Li TF, Darowish M, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ. Smad3-deficient chondrocytes have enhanced BMP signaling and accelerated differentiation. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Jan; 21(1):4-16.
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Ulrich-Vinther M, Schwarz EM, Pedersen FS, Søballe K, Andreassen TT. Gene therapy with human osteoprotegerin decreases callus remodeling with limited effects on biomechanical properties. Bone. 2005 Dec; 37(6):751-8.
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Rigopoulos D, Kalogeromitros D, Gregoriou S, Pacouret JM, Koch C, Fisher N, Bachmann K, Brown M, Schwarz E, Camel E, Katsambas A. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of a flavonoid-rich plant extract-based cream in the treatment of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005 Sep; 19(5):564-8.
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Boyce BF, Li P, Yao Z, Zhang Q, Badell IR, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Xing L. TNF-alpha and pathologic bone resorption. Keio J Med. 2005 Sep; 54(3):127-31.
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Zhang Q, Badell IR, Schwarz EM, Boulukos KE, Yao Z, Boyce BF, Xing L. Tumor necrosis factor prevents alendronate-induced osteoclast apoptosis in vivo by stimulating Bcl-xL expression through Ets-2. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Sep; 52(9):2708-18.
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Feeley BT, Krenek L, Liu N, Hsu WK, Gamradt SC, Schwarz EM, Huard J, Lieberman JR. Overexpression of noggin inhibits BMP-mediated growth of osteolytic prostate cancer lesions. Bone. 2006 Feb; 38(2):154-66.
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Zhang X, Xie C, Lin AS, Ito H, Awad H, Lieberman JR, Rubery PT, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Guldberg RE. Periosteal progenitor cell fate in segmental cortical bone graft transplantations: implications for functional tissue engineering. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Dec; 20(12):2124-37.
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Dong Y, Drissi H, Chen M, Chen D, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Wnt-mediated regulation of chondrocyte maturation: modulation by TGF-beta. J Cell Biochem. 2005 Aug 1; 95(5):1057-68.
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Koefoed M, Ito H, Gromov K, Reynolds DG, Awad HA, Rubery PT, Ulrich-Vinther M, Soballe K, Guldberg RE, Lin AS, O'Keefe RJ, Zhang X, Schwarz EM. Biological effects of rAAV-caAlk2 coating on structural allograft healing. Mol Ther. 2005 Aug; 12(2):212-8.
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Whang PG, Schwarz EM, Gamradt SC, Dougall WC, Lieberman JR. The effects of RANK blockade and osteoclast depletion in a model of pure osteoblastic prostate cancer metastasis in bone. J Orthop Res. 2005 Nov; 23(6):1475-83.
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Mandelin J, Liljeström M, Li TF, Ainola M, Hukkanen M, Salo J, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT. Pseudosynovial fluid from loosened total hip prosthesis induces osteoclast formation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005 Jul; 74(1):582-8.
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Soloviev A, Schwarz EM, Darowish M, O'Keefe RJ. Sphingomyelinase mediates macrophage activation by titanium particles independent of phagocytosis: a role for free radicals, NFkappaB, and TNFalpha. J Orthop Res. 2005 Nov; 23(6):1258-65.
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Carmouche JJ, Puzas JE, Zhang X, Tiyapatanaputi P, Cory-Slechta DA, Gelein R, Zuscik M, Rosier RN, Boyce BF, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Lead exposure inhibits fracture healing and is associated with increased chondrogenesis, delay in cartilage mineralization, and a decrease in osteoprogenitor frequency. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):749-55.
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Wang Y, Belflower RM, Dong YF, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H. Runx1/AML1/Cbfa2 mediates onset of mesenchymal cell differentiation toward chondrogenesis. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Sep; 20(9):1624-36.
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Gordon AH, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, Puzas JE. Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent mechanisms in breast cancer cells regulate tumor burden and osteolysis in bone. Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15; 65(8):3209-17.
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Mandelin J, Li TF, Hukkanen M, Liljeström M, Salo J, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT. Interface tissue fibroblasts from loose total hip replacement prosthesis produce receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and cathepsin K. J Rheumatol. 2005 Apr; 32(4):713-20.
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Smith N, Dong Y, Lian JB, Pratap J, Kingsley PD, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Stein GS, Drissi MH. Overlapping expression of Runx1(Cbfa2) and Runx2(Cbfa1) transcription factors supports cooperative induction of skeletal development. J Cell Physiol. 2005 Apr; 203(1):133-43.
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Clark CA, Schwarz EM, Zhang X, Ziran NM, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ, Zuscik MJ. Differential regulation of EP receptor isoforms during chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Mar 18; 328(3):764-76.
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Wei X, Zhang X, Zuscik MJ, Drissi MH, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Fibroblasts express RANKL and support osteoclastogenesis in a COX-2-dependent manner after stimulation with titanium particles. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jul; 20(7):1136-48.
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Ito H, Koefoed M, Tiyapatanaputi P, Gromov K, Goater JJ, Carmouche J, Zhang X, Rubery PT, Rabinowitz J, Samulski RJ, Nakamura T, Soballe K, O'Keefe RJ, Boyce BF, Schwarz EM. Remodeling of cortical bone allografts mediated by adherent rAAV-RANKL and VEGF gene therapy. Nat Med. 2005 Mar; 11(3):291-7.
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Yu S, Zhang X, He Z, Liu Y. [Corrosiveness of Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr alloys in various pH lactic acids]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Feb; 22(1):91-4.
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Li TF, O'Keefe RJ, Chen D. TGF-beta signaling in chondrocytes. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1; 10:681-8.
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Batliwalla FM, Li W, Ritchlin CT, Xiao X, Brenner M, Laragione T, Shao T, Durham R, Kemshetti S, Schwarz E, Coe R, Kern M, Baechler EC, Behrens TW, Gregersen PK, Gulko PS. Microarray analyses of peripheral blood cells identifies unique gene expression signature in psoriatic arthritis. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec; 11(1-12):21-9.
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Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Looney RJ. Bone implant interface, osteolysis and potential therapies. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004 Dec; 4(4):390-2.
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Guldberg RE, Oest M, Lin AS, Ito H, Chao X, Gromov K, Goater JJ, Koefoed M, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Zhang X. Functional integration of tissue-engineered bone constructs. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004 Dec; 4(4):399-400.
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Tiyapatanaputi P, Rubery PT, Carmouche J, Schwarz EM, O'keefe RJ, Zhang X. A novel murine segmental femoral graft model. J Orthop Res. 2004 Nov; 22(6):1254-60.
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Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM. Dynamic exercises in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Nov; 63(11):1359-61.
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Li TF, Zuscik MJ, Ionescu AM, Zhang X, Rosier RN, Schwarz EM, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ. PGE2 inhibits chondrocyte differentiation through PKA and PKC signaling. Exp Cell Res. 2004 Oct 15; 300(1):159-69.
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Saleh KJ, Thongtrangan I, Schwarz EM. Osteolysis: medical and surgical approaches. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Oct; (427):138-47.
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Li TF, Dong Y, Ionescu AM, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Drissi H. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) inhibits Runx2 expression through the PKA signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res. 2004 Sep 10; 299(1):128-36.
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Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Looney RJ. RANK, RANKL and OPG in inflammatory arthritis and periprosthetic osteolysis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004 Sep; 4(3):276-84.
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Leung YY, Schwarz EM, Silvers CR, Messing EM, Wood RW. Uroflow in murine urethritis. Urology. 2004 Aug; 64(2):378-82.
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Ferguson CM, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, Zuscik MJ, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ. Transforming growth factor-beta1 induced alteration of skeletal morphogenesis in vivo. J Orthop Res. 2004 Jul; 22(4):687-96.
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Ulrich-Vinther M, Duch MR, Søballe K, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Pedersen FS. In vivo gene delivery to articular chondrocytes mediated by an adeno-associated virus vector. J Orthop Res. 2004 Jul; 22(4):726-34.
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Zuscik MJ, Baden JF, Wu Q, Sheu TJ, Schwarz EM, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas JE, Rosier RN. 5-azacytidine alters TGF-beta and BMP signaling and induces maturation in articular chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem. 2004 May 15; 92(2):316-31.
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Zhang X, Ziran N, Goater JJ, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, Zuscik M, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ. Primary murine limb bud mesenchymal cells in long-term culture complete chondrocyte differentiation: TGF-beta delays hypertrophy and PGE2 inhibits terminal differentiation. Bone. 2004 May; 34(5):809-17.
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Ionescu AM, Drissi H, Schwarz EM, Kato M, Puzas JE, McCance DJ, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, O'Keefe RJ. CREB Cooperates with BMP-stimulated Smad signaling to enhance transcription of the Smad6 promoter. J Cell Physiol. 2004 Mar; 198(3):428-40.
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Yu S, Zhang X, He Z, Gao Z, Wang C. [The influence of Ce on microstructures and mechanics performances of Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr alloys]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Feb; 21(1):102-6.
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Li P, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Ma L, Boyce BF, Xing L. RANK signaling is not required for TNFalpha-mediated increase in CD11(hi) osteoclast precursors but is essential for mature osteoclast formation in TNFalpha-mediated inflammatory arthritis. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Feb; 19(2):207-13.
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Wooley PH, Schwarz EM. Aseptic loosening. Gene Ther. 2004 Feb; 11(4):402-7.
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Li P, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Ma L, Looney RJ, Ritchlin CT, Boyce BF, Xing L. Systemic tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates an increase in peripheral CD11bhigh osteoclast precursors in tumor necrosis factor alpha-transgenic mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jan; 50(1):265-76.
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Ito H, Goater JJ, Tiyapatanaputi P, Rubery PT, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Light-activated gene transduction of recombinant adeno-associated virus in human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene Ther. 2004 Jan; 11(1):34-41.
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Bukata SV, Gelinas J, Wei X, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, Zhang X, Schwarz EM, Song XY, Griswold DE, O'Keefe RJ. PGE2 and IL-6 production by fibroblasts in response to titanium wear debris particles is mediated through a Cox-2 dependent pathway. J Orthop Res. 2004 Jan; 22(1):6-12.
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Drissi MH, Li X, Sheu TJ, Zuscik MJ, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. Runx2/Cbfa1 stimulation by retinoic acid is potentiated by BMP2 signaling through interaction with Smad1 on the collagen X promoter in chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem. 2003 Dec 15; 90(6):1287-98.
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Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Zhang X. Pharmacologic modulators of fracture healing: the role of cyclooxygenase inhibition. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2003 Dec; 3(4):308-12; discussion 320-1.
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Schwarz EM, Campbell D, Totterman S, Boyd A, O'Keefe RJ, Looney RJ. Use of volumetric computerized tomography as a primary outcome measure to evaluate drug efficacy in the prevention of peri-prosthetic osteolysis: a 1-year clinical pilot of etanercept vs. placebo. J Orthop Res. 2003 Nov; 21(6):1049-55.
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Ulrich-Vinther M, Maloney MD, Schwarz EM, Rosier R, O'Keefe RJ. Articular cartilage biology. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003 Nov-Dec; 11(6):421-30.
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Huang W, Drissi MH, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. A rapid multiparameter approach to study factors that regulate osteoclastogenesis: demonstration of the combinatorial dominant effects of TNF-alpha and TGF-ss in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2003 Dec; 73(6):584-93.
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Andela VB, Pirri M, Schwarz EM, Puzas EJ, O'Keefe RJ, Rosenblatt JD, Rosier RN. The mevalonate synthesis pathway as a therapeutic target in cancer. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Oct; (415 Suppl):S59-66.
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Andela VB, Gordon AH, Zotalis G, Rosier RN, Goater JJ, Lewis GD, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ. NFkappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Oct; (415 Suppl):S75-85.
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Li X, Ionescu AM, Schwarz EM, Zhang X, Drissi H, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, O'Keefe RJ. Smad6 is induced by BMP-2 and modulates chondrocyte differentiation. J Orthop Res. 2003 Sep; 21(5):908-13.
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Zhang D, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ. ALK2 functions as a BMP type I receptor and induces Indian hedgehog in chondrocytes during skeletal development. J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Sep; 18(9):1593-604.
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Ionescu AM, Schwarz EM, Zuscik MJ, Drissi H, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. ATF-2 cooperates with Smad3 to mediate TGF-beta effects on chondrocyte maturation. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Aug 1; 288(1):198-207.
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Li P, Schwarz EM. The TNF-alpha transgenic mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2003 Aug; 25(1):19-33.
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Flick LM, Weaver JM, Ulrich-Vinther M, Abuzzahab F, Zhang X, Dougall WC, Anderson D, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Effects of receptor activator of NFkappaB (RANK) signaling blockade on fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 2003 Jul; 21(4):676-84.
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Zuscik MJ, Rosier RN, Schwarz EM. Altered negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling in scleroderma: potential involvement of SMURF2 in disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jul; 48(7):1779-80.
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Li X, Schwarz EM, Zuscik MJ, Rosier RN, Ionescu AM, Puzas JE, Drissi H, Sheu TJ, O'Keefe RJ. Retinoic acid stimulates chondrocyte differentiation and enhances bone morphogenetic protein effects through induction of Smad1 and Smad5. Endocrinology. 2003 Jun; 144(6):2514-23.
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Andela VB, Gingold BI, Souza MD, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas EJ, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN. Clinical relevance of increased retinoid and cAMP transcriptional programs in tumor cells rendered non-malignant by dominant negative inhibition of NFkappaB. Cancer Lett. 2003 May 8; 194(1):37-43.
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Ritchlin CT, Haas-Smith SA, Li P, Hicks DG, Schwarz EM. Mechanisms of TNF-alpha- and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Invest. 2003 Mar; 111(6):821-31.
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Lee Y, Schwarz E, Davies M, Jo M, Gates J, Wu J, Zhang X, Lieberman JR. Differences in the cytokine profiles associated with prostate cancer cell induced osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions in bone. J Orthop Res. 2003 Jan; 21(1):62-72.
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Huang W, Schwarz EM. Mechanisms of bone resorption and new bone formation in spondyloarthropathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2002 Dec; 4(6):513-7.
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Huang W, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Exposure to receptor-activator of NFkappaB ligand renders pre-osteoclasts resistant to IFN-gamma by inducing terminal differentiation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003; 5(1):R49-59.
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Sheu TJ, Schwarz EM, Martinez DA, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, Puzas JE. A phage display technique identifies a novel regulator of cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 3; 278(1):438-43.
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Sessions A, Eichel L, Kassahun M, Messing EM, Schwarz E, Wood RW. Continuous bladder infusion methods for studying voiding function in the ambulatory mouse. Urology. 2002 Oct; 60(4):707-13.
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Lee YP, Schwarz EM, Davies M, Jo M, Gates J, Zhang X, Wu J, Lieberman JR. Use of zoledronate to treat osteoblastic versus osteolytic lesions in a severe-combined-immunodeficient mouse model. Cancer Res. 2002 Oct 1; 62(19):5564-70.
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Andela VB, Sheu TJ, Puzas EJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN. Malignant reversion of a human osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2, by inhibition of NFkappaB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Sep 20; 297(2):237-41.
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Yang SY, Mayton L, Wu B, Goater JJ, Schwarz EM, Wooley PH. Adeno-associated virus-mediated osteoprotegerin gene transfer protects against particulate polyethylene-induced osteolysis in a murine model. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Sep; 46(9):2514-23.
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Zuscik MJ, O'Keefe RJ, Gunter TE, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide regulation of chick tibial growth plate chondrocyte maturation requires protein kinase A. J Orthop Res. 2002 Sep; 20(5):1079-90.
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Ulrich-Vinther M, Carmody EE, Goater JJ, S balle K, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated osteoprotegerin gene therapy inhibits wear debris-induced osteolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Aug; 84-A(8):1405-12.
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Ulrich-Vinther M, Maloney MD, Goater JJ, Søballe K, Goldring MB, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Light-activated gene transduction enhances adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene expression in human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Aug; 46(8):2095-104.
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Soloviev A, Schwarz EM, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. The role of p105 protein in NFkappaB activation in ANA-1 murine macrophages following stimulation with titanium particles. J Orthop Res. 2002 Jul; 20(4):714-22.
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Zuscik MJ, Pateder DB, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. Lead alters parathyroid hormone-related peptide and transforming growth factor-beta1 effects and AP-1 and NF-kappaB signaling in chondrocytes. J Orthop Res. 2002 Jul; 20(4):811-8.
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Zuscik MJ, D'Souza M, Ionescu AM, Gunter KK, Gunter TE, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, Rosier RN. Growth plate chondrocyte maturation is regulated by basal intracellular calcium. Exp Cell Res. 2002 Jun 10; 276(2):310-9.
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Zhang X, Schwarz EM, Young DA, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates mesenchymal cell differentiation into the osteoblast lineage and is critically involved in bone repair. J Clin Invest. 2002 Jun; 109(11):1405-15.
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O'Keefe RJ. Determination of responsiveness in biological systems is dependent on highly sensitive quantitative measures. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun; 961:206.
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Carmody EE, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. Viral interleukin-10 gene inhibition of inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption in response to titanium particles. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May; 46(5):1298-308.
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Yin G, Liu W, An P, Li P, Ding I, Planelles V, Schwarz EM, Min W. Endostatin gene transfer inhibits joint angiogenesis and pannus formation in inflammatory arthritis. Mol Ther. 2002 May; 5(5 Pt 1):547-54.
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Sheu TJ, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN, Puzas JE. Use of a phage display technique to identify potential osteoblast binding sites within osteoclast lacunae. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 May; 17(5):915-22.
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Seufferlein T, Seckl MJ, Schwarz E, Beil M, v Wichert G, Baust H, Lührs H, Schmid RM, Adler G. Mechanisms of nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2002 Apr 8; 86(7):1188-96.
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Andela VB, Rosenblatt JD, Schwarz EM, Puzas EJ, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN. Synergism of aminobisphosphonates and farnesyl transferase inhibitors on tumor metastasis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Apr; (397):228-39.
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Goater JJ, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM. Efficacy of ex vivo OPG gene therapy in preventing wear debris induced osteolysis. J Orthop Res. 2002 Mar; 20(2):169-73.
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Good CR, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN. Immunohistochemical study of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L) in human osteolytic bone tumors. J Surg Oncol. 2002 Mar; 79(3):174-9.
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Childs LM, Paschalis EP, Xing L, Dougall WC, Anderson D, Boskey AL, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ, Boyce BF, Schwarz EM. In vivo RANK signaling blockade using the receptor activator of NF-kappaB:Fc effectively prevents and ameliorates wear debris-induced osteolysis via osteoclast depletion without inhibiting osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Feb; 17(2):192-9.
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Mungo DV, Zhang X, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM. COX-1 and COX-2 expression in osteoid osteomas. J Orthop Res. 2002 Jan; 20(1):159-62.
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Pateder DB, Sheu TJ, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM, Constine LS, Okunieff P, Rosier RN. Role of pentoxifylline in preventing radiation damage to epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes. Radiat Res. 2002 Jan; 157(1):62-8.
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Childs LM, Goater JJ, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene therapy on wear debris-induced osteolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Dec; 83-A(12):1789-97.
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Roberts AI, Lee L, Schwarz E, Groh V, Spies T, Ebert EC, Jabri B. NKG2D receptors induced by IL-15 costimulate CD28-negative effector CTL in the tissue microenvironment. J Immunol. 2001 Nov 15; 167(10):5527-30.
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Looney RJ, Boyd A, Totterman S, Seo GS, Tamez-Pena J, Campbell D, Novotny L, Olcott C, Martell J, Hayes FA, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Volumetric computerized tomography as a measurement of periprosthetic acetabular osteolysis and its correlation with wear. Arthritis Res. 2002; 4(1):59-63.
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Pateder DB, Ferguson CM, Ionescu AM, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ. PTHrP expression in chick sternal chondrocytes is regulated by TGF-beta through Smad-mediated signaling. J Cell Physiol. 2001 Sep; 188(3):343-51.
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Eichel L, Scheidweiler K, Kost J, Shojaie J, Schwarz E, Messing E, Wood R. Assessment of murine bladder permeability with fluorescein: validation with cyclophosphamide and protamine. Urology. 2001 Jul; 58(1):113-8.
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Pollice PF, Rosier RN, Looney RJ, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Oral pentoxifylline inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human peripheral blood monocytes : a potential treatment for aseptic loosening of total joint components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Jul; 83-A(7):1057-61.
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Eichel LS, Sessions AE, Messing EM, Schwarz E, Wood RW. Continuous bladder infusion methods for studying voiding function in ambulatory mice. Urology. 2001 Jun; 57(6 Suppl 1):115.
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Wood R, Eichel L, Messing EM, Schwarz E. Automated noninvasive measurement of cyclophosphamide-induced changes in murine micturition frequency and volume and demonstration of pharmacologic sensitivity. Urology. 2001 Jun; 57(6 Suppl 1):115-6.
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Eichel L, Scheidweiler K, Kost J, Shojaie J, Schwarz E, Messing EM, Wood R. Assessment of murine bladder permeability with fluorescein: validation with cyclophosphamide and protamine. Urology. 2001 Jun; 57(6 Suppl 1):115.
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Pateder DB, Eliseev RA, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM, Okunieff P, Constine LS, Puzas JE, Rosier RN. The role of autocrine growth factors in radiation damage to the epiphyseal growth plate. Radiat Res. 2001 Jun; 155(6):847-57.
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Zhang X, Morham SG, Langenbach R, Young DA, Xing L, Boyce BF, Puzas EJ, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Evidence for a direct role of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in implant wear debris-induced osteolysis. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Apr; 16(4):660-70.
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Childs LM, Goater JJ, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Efficacy of etanercept for wear debris-induced osteolysis. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Feb; 16(2):338-47.
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Wood R, Eichel L, Messing EM, Schwarz E. Automated noninvasive measurement of cyclophosphamide-induced changes in murine voiding frequency and volume. J Urol. 2001 Feb; 165(2):653-9.
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Ionescu AM, Schwarz EM, Vinson C, Puzas JE, Rosier R, Reynolds PR, O'Keefe RJ. PTHrP modulates chondrocyte differentiation through AP-1 and CREB signaling. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 13; 276(15):11639-47.
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Puzas JE, Landeau JM, Tallents R, Albright J, Schwarz EM, Landesberg R. Degradative pathways in tissues of the temporomandibular joint. Use of in vitro and in vivo models to characterize matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine activity. Cells Tissues Organs. 2001; 169(3):248-56.
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Grimsrud CD, Romano PR, D'Souza M, Puzas JE, Schwarz EM, Reynolds PR, Roiser RN, O'Keefe RJ. BMP signaling stimulates chondrocyte maturation and the expression of Indian hedgehog. J Orthop Res. 2001 Jan; 19(1):18-25.
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Andela VB, Schwarz EM, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ, Rosier RN. Tumor metastasis and the reciprocal regulation of prometastatic and antimetastatic factors by nuclear factor kappaB. Cancer Res. 2000 Dec 1; 60(23):6557-62.
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Ferguson CM, Schwarz EM, Reynolds PR, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, O'Keefe RJ. Smad2 and 3 mediate transforming growth factor-beta1-induced inhibition of chondrocyte maturation. Endocrinology. 2000 Dec; 141(12):4728-35.
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Schwarz EM, Benz EB, Lu AP, Goater JJ, Mollano AV, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, Okeefe RJ. Quantitative small-animal surrogate to evaluate drug efficacy in preventing wear debris-induced osteolysis. J Orthop Res. 2000 Nov; 18(6):849-55.
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Schwarz EM. The adeno-associated virus vector for orthopaedic gene therapy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000 Oct; (379 Suppl):S31-9.
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Chi H, Yang X, Kingsley PD, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, Shears SB, Reynolds PR. Targeted deletion of Minpp1 provides new insight into the activity of multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase in vivo. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Sep; 20(17):6496-507.
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Li P, Sanz I, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. NF-kappa B regulates VCAM-1 expression on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Immunol. 2000 Jun 1; 164(11):5990-7.
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Pateder DB, Rosier RN, Schwarz EM, Reynolds PR, Puzas JE, D'Souza M, O'Keefe RJ. PTHrP expression in chondrocytes, regulation by TGF-beta, and interactions between epiphyseal and growth plate chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res. 2000 May 1; 256(2):555-62.
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Schwarz EM, Lu AP, Goater JJ, Benz EB, Kollias G, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear transcription factor-kappaB signaling in periprosthetic osteolysis. J Orthop Res. 2000 May; 18(3):472-80.
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Schwarz E, Schäfer C, Bode JC, Bode C. Influence of the menstrual cycle on the LPS-induced cytokine response of monocytes. Cytokine. 2000 Apr; 12(4):413-6.
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Lisse T, Schwarz E. Functional specificity of the mitochondrial DnaJ protein, Mdj1p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 2000 Apr; 263(3):527-34.
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Goater J, Müller R, Kollias G, Firestein GS, Sanz I, O'Keefe RJ, Schwarz EM. Empirical advantages of adeno associated viral vectors in vivo gene therapy for arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000 Apr; 27(4):983-9.
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Schwarz EM, Looney RJ, O'Keefe RJ. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy as a clinical intervention for periprosthetic osteolysis. Arthritis Res. 2000; 2(3):165-8.
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Geisen C, Denk C, Küpper JH, Schwarz E. Growth inhibition of cervical cancer cells by the human retinoic acid receptor beta gene. Int J Cancer. 2000 Jan 15; 85(2):289-95.
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Duchniewicz M, Germaniuk A, Westermann B, Neupert W, Schwarz E, Marszalek J. Dual role of the mitochondrial chaperone Mdj1p in inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in yeast. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Dec; 19(12):8201-10.
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Schwarz EM, Badorff C, Hiura TS, Wessely R, Badorff A, Verma IM, Knowlton KU. NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of apoptosis is required for encephalomyocarditis virus virulence: a mechanism of resistance in p50 knockout mice. J Virol. 1998 Jul; 72(7):5654-60.
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Tan SH, Bartsch D, Schwarz E, Bernard HU. Nuclear matrix attachment regions of human papillomavirus type 16 point toward conservation of these genomic elements in all genital papillomaviruses. J Virol. 1998 May; 72(5):3610-22.
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Reuter S, Bartelmann M, Vogt M, Geisen C, Napierski I, Kahn T, Delius H, Lichter P, Weitz S, Korn B, Schwarz E. APM-1, a novel human gene, identified by aberrant co-transcription with papillomavirus oncogenes in a cervical carcinoma cell line, encodes a BTB/POZ-zinc finger protein with growth inhibitory activity. EMBO J. 1998 Jan 2; 17(1):215-22.
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Denk C, Hülsken J, Schwarz E. Reduced gene expression of E-cadherin and associated catenins in human cervical carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Lett. 1997 Dec 9; 120(2):185-93.
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Schwarz EM, Lin A, Guan K, Ulevitch RJ, Han J. Structure-function studies of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Loop 12 influences substrate specificity and autophosphorylation, but not upstream kinase selection. J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 25; 272(17):11096-102.
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Geisen C, Denk C, Gremm B, Baust C, Karger A, Bollag W, Schwarz E. High-level expression of the retinoic acid receptor beta gene in normal cells of the uterine cervix is regulated by the retinoic acid receptor alpha and is abnormally down-regulated in cervical carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 1997 Apr 15; 57(8):1460-7.
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Schwarz EM, Krimpenfort P, Berns A, Verma IM. Immunological defects in mice with a targeted disruption in Bcl-3. Genes Dev. 1997 Jan 15; 11(2):187-97.
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Westermann B, Gaume B, Herrmann JM, Neupert W, Schwarz E. Role of the mitochondrial DnaJ homolog Mdj1p as a chaperone for mitochondrially synthesized and imported proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Dec; 16(12):7063-71.
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Baust C, Redpath L, Schwarz E. Different ligand responsiveness of human retinoic-acid-receptor beta-gene transcription in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cervical-carcinoma-derived cell lines is mediated through a large retinoic-acid-response domain. Int J Cancer. 1996 Jul 29; 67(3):409-16.
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Hryshko LV, Matsuoka S, Nicoll DA, Weiss JN, Schwarz EM, Benzer S, Philipson KD. Anomalous regulation of the Drosophila Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger by Ca2+. J Gen Physiol. 1996 Jul; 108(1):67-74.
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Schwarz EM, Van Antwerp D, Verma IM. Constitutive phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha by casein kinase II occurs preferentially at serine 293: requirement for degradation of free IkappaBalpha. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Jul; 16(7):3554-9.
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Verma IM, Stevenson JK, Schwarz EM, Van Antwerp D, Miyamoto S. Rel/NF-kappa B/I kappa B family: intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes Dev. 1995 Nov 15; 9(22):2723-35.
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Barroga CF, Stevenson JK, Schwarz EM, Verma IM. Constitutive phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha by casein kinase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 15; 92(17):7637-41.
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Dai Y, Schwarz EM, Gu D, Zhang WW, Sarvetnick N, Verma IM. Cellular and humoral immune responses to adenoviral vectors containing factor IX gene: tolerization of factor IX and vector antigens allows for long-term expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Feb 28; 92(5):1401-5.
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Scully SP, Mott MP, Temple HT, O'Keefe RJ, O'Donnell RJ, Mankin HJ. Late recurrence of giant-cell tumor of bone. A report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994 Aug; 76(8):1231-3.
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Schwarz E, Westermann B, Caplan AJ, Ludwig G, Neupert W. XDJ1, a gene encoding a novel non-essential DnaJ homologue from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1994 Jul 22; 145(1):121-4.
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Lindberg FP, Gresham HD, Schwarz E, Brown EJ. Molecular cloning of integrin-associated protein: an immunoglobulin family member with multiple membrane-spanning domains implicated in alpha v beta 3-dependent ligand binding. J Cell Biol. 1993 Oct; 123(2):485-96.
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Schwarz EM, Salgame P, Bloom BR. Molecular regulation of human interleukin 2 and T-cell function by interleukin 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 15; 90(16):7734-8.
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Bartsch D, Boye B, Baust C, zur Hausen H, Schwarz E. Retinoic acid-mediated repression of human papillomavirus 18 transcription and different ligand regulation of the retinoic acid receptor beta gene in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic HeLa hybrid cells. EMBO J. 1992 Jun; 11(6):2283-91.
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Bosch FX, Dürst M, Schwarz E, Boukamp P, Fusenig NE, zur Hausen H. The early genes E6 and E7 of cancer associated human papilloma viruses as targets of tumor suppression? Behring Inst Mitt. 1991 Jul; (89):108-21.
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Bosch FX, Schwarz E, Boukamp P, Fusenig NE, Bartsch D, zur Hausen H. Suppression in vivo of human papillomavirus type 18 E6-E7 gene expression in nontumorigenic HeLa X fibroblast hybrid cells. J Virol. 1990 Oct; 64(10):4743-54.
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Czerniak B, Herz F, Wersto RP, Alster P, Puszkin E, Schwarz E, Koss LG. Quantitation of oncogene products by computer-assisted image analysis and flow cytometry. J Histochem Cytochem. 1990 Apr; 38(4):463-6.
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von Knebel Doeberitz M, Oltersdorf T, Schwarz E, Gissmann L. Correlation of modified human papilloma virus early gene expression with altered growth properties in C4-1 cervical carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 1988 Jul 1; 48(13):3780-6.
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Schneider-Gädicke A, Kaul S, Schwarz E, Gausepohl H, Frank R, Bastert G. Identification of the human papillomavirus type 18 E6 and E6 proteins in nuclear protein fractions from human cervical carcinoma cells grown in the nude mouse or in vitro. Cancer Res. 1988 Jun 1; 48(11):2969-74.
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