Dr. Carl Johnston's work seeks to understand how the postnatal lung copes with external stress. A critical biological factor that plays a role in childhood pulmonary susceptibility is that a significant portion of lung development takes place postnatally. One of the environmental factors relevant to developmental lung disease is the recent increase in complexity and distribution, if not the levels, of airborne pollutants, including allergens and endotoxins, respirable particulate matter and irritant gases, exposure to which damages various cell types. Among the most important of these are the respiratory epithelium and critical immune effector cell populations. Furthermore; combined exposures to multiple pollutants may activate several unique signaling pathways which are age dependent and depending on the sequence of initiation may result in responses not predicted by evaluating exposures to an individual pollutant. His work depends heavily on mRNA analysis, microarray technology, immuno-histochemistry and in situ hybridization. This work is supported by participation in several NIH grants.

• Johnston CJ, Manning C, Hernady E, Reed C, Thurston SW, Finkelstein JN, Williams JP. Effect of total body irradiation on late lung effects: hidden dangers. Int J Radiat Biol. 2011 Aug; 87(8):902-13.
  View in: PubMed
• Williams JP, Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN. Treatment for radiation-induced pulmonary late effects: spoiled for choice or looking in the wrong direction? Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Nov; 11(11):1386-94.
  View in: PubMed
• Chess PR, Benson RP, Maniscalco WM, Wright TW, O'Reilly MA, Johnston CJ. Murine mechanical ventilation stimulates alveolar epithelial cell proliferation. Exp Lung Res. 2010 Aug; 36(6):331-41.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Hernady E, Reed C, Thurston SW, Finkelstein JN, Williams JP. Early alterations in cytokine expression in adult compared to developing lung in mice after radiation exposure. Radiat Res. 2010 Apr; 173(4):522-35.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Holm BA, Gelein R, Finkelstein JN. Postnatal lung development: immediate-early gene responses post ozone and LPS exposure. Inhal Toxicol. 2006 Oct; 18(11):875-83.
  View in: PubMed
• Vitiello PF, Staversky RJ, Gehen SC, Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN, Wright TW, O'Reilly MA. p21Cip1 protection against hyperoxia requires Bcl-XL and is uncoupled from its ability to suppress growth. Am J Pathol. 2006 Jun; 168(6):1838-47.
  View in: PubMed
• Elder A, Johnston C, Gelein R, Finkelstein J, Wang Z, Notter R, Oberdörster G. Lung inflammation induced by endotoxin is enhanced in rats depleted of alveolar macrophages with aerosolized clodronate. Exp Lung Res. 2005 Jul-Aug; 31(6):527-46.
  View in: PubMed
• Wang J, Gigliotti F, Maggirwar S, Johnston C, Finkelstein JN, Wright TW. Pneumocystis carinii activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 2005 May; 73(5):2766-77.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Holm BA, Finkelstein JN. Sequential exposures to ozone and lipopolysaccharide in postnatal lung enhance or inhibit cytokine responses. Exp Lung Res. 2005 May; 31(4):431-47.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Williams JP, Elder A, Hernady E, Finkelstein JN. Inflammatory cell recruitment following thoracic irradiation. Exp Lung Res. 2004 Jul-Aug; 30(5):369-82.
  View in: PubMed
• Williams JP, Hernady E, Johnston CJ, Reed CM, Fenton B, Okunieff P, Finkelstein JN. Effect of administration of lovastatin on the development of late pulmonary effects after whole-lung irradiation in a murine model. Radiat Res. 2004 May; 161(5):560-7.
  View in: PubMed
• Finkelstein JN, Johnston CJ. Enhanced sensitivity of the postnatal lung to environmental insults and oxidant stress. Pediatrics. 2004 Apr; 113(4 Suppl):1092-6.
  View in: PubMed
• D'Angio CT, LoMonaco MB, Johnston CJ, Reed CK, Finkelstein JN. Differential roles for NF-kappa B in endotoxin and oxygen induction of interleukin-8 in the macrophage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Jan; 286(1):L30-6.
  View in: PubMed
• Hjort MR, Brenyo AJ, Finkelstein JN, Frampton MW, LoMonaco MB, Stewart JC, Johnston CJ, D'Angio CT. Alveolar epithelial cell-macrophage interactions affect oxygen-stimulated interleukin-8 release. Inflammation. 2003 Jun; 27(3):137-45.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Oberdörster G, Gelein R, Finkelstein JN. Endotoxin potentiates ozone-induced pulmonary chemokine and inflammatory responses. Exp Lung Res. 2002 Sep; 28(6):419-33.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Williams JP, Okunieff P, Finkelstein JN. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis: examination of chemokine and chemokine receptor families. Radiat Res. 2002 Mar; 157(3):256-65.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Oberdörster G, Finkelstein JN. Recovery from oxidant-mediated lung injury: response of metallothionein, MIP-2, and MCP-1 to nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and ozone exposures. Inhal Toxicol. 2001 Aug; 13(8):689-702.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN, Mercer P, Corson N, Gelein R, Oberdörster G. Pulmonary effects induced by ultrafine PTFE particles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Nov 1; 168(3):208-15.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Driscoll KE, Finkelstein JN, Baggs R, O'Reilly MA, Carter J, Gelein R, Oberdörster G. Pulmonary chemokine and mutagenic responses in rats after subchronic inhalation of amorphous and crystalline silica. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Aug; 56(2):405-13.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Reed CK, Avissar NE, Gelein R, Finkelstein JN. Antioxidant and inflammatory response after acute nitrogen dioxide and ozone exposures in C57Bl/6 mice. Inhal Toxicol. 2000 Mar; 12(3):187-203.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Oberdörster G, Gelein R, Finkelstein JN. Newborn mice differ from adult mice in chemokine and cytokine expression to ozone, but not to endotoxin. Inhal Toxicol. 2000 Mar; 12(3):205-24.
  View in: PubMed
• Elder AC, Finkelstein J, Johnston C, Gelein R, Oberdörster G. Induction of adaptation to inhaled lipopolysaccharide in young and old rats and mice. Inhal Toxicol. 2000 Mar; 12(3):225-43.
  View in: PubMed
• Wright TW, Johnston CJ, Harmsen AG, Finkelstein JN. Chemokine gene expression during Pneumocystis carinii-driven pulmonary inflammation. Infect Immun. 1999 Jul; 67(7):3452-60.
  View in: PubMed
• Barrett EG, Johnston C, Oberdörster G, Finkelstein JN. Silica-induced chemokine expression in alveolar type II cells is mediated by TNF-alpha-induced oxidant stress. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jun; 276(6 Pt 1):L979-88.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN, Oberdörster G, Reynolds SD, Stripp BR. Clara cell secretory protein-deficient mice differ from wild-type mice in inflammatory chemokine expression to oxygen and ozone, but not to endotoxin. Exp Lung Res. 1999 Jan-Feb; 25(1):7-21.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Stripp BR, Reynolds SD, Avissar NE, Reed CK, Finkelstein JN. Inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression in C57BL/6J mice after lethal and sublethal ozone exposures. Exp Lung Res. 1999 Jan-Feb; 25(1):81-97.
  View in: PubMed
• Barrett EG, Johnston C, Oberdörster G, Finkelstein JN. Silica-induced chemokine expression in alveolar type II cells is mediated by TNF-alpha. Am J Physiol. 1998 Dec; 275(6 Pt 1):L1110-9.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN, Gelein R, Oberdörster G. Pulmonary cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Sci. 1998 Dec; 46(2):300-7.
  View in: PubMed
• D'Angio CT, Johnston CJ, Wright TW, Reed CK, Finkelstein JN. Chemokine mRNA alterations in newborn and adult mouse lung during acute hyperoxia. Exp Lung Res. 1998 Sep-Oct; 24(5):685-702.
  View in: PubMed
• Mango GW, Johnston CJ, Reynolds SD, Finkelstein JN, Plopper CG, Stripp BR. Clara cell secretory protein deficiency increases oxidant stress response in conducting airways. Am J Physiol. 1998 Aug; 275(2 Pt 1):L348-56.
  View in: PubMed
• Piedboeuf B, Horowitz S, Johnston CJ, Gamache M, Bélanger S, Poubelle PE, Welty SE, Watkins RH. Interleukin-1 expression during hyperoxic lung injury in the mouse. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Jun; 24(9):1446-54.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Wright TW, Rubin P, Finkelstein JN. Alterations in the expression of chemokine mRNA levels in fibrosis-resistant and -sensitive mice after thoracic irradiation. Exp Lung Res. 1998 May-Jun; 24(3):321-37.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Stripp BR, Piedbeouf B, Wright TW, Mango GW, Reed CK, Finkelstein JN. Inflammatory and epithelial responses in mouse strains that differ in sensitivity to hyperoxic injury. Exp Lung Res. 1998 Mar-Apr; 24(2):189-202.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Wright TW, Reed CK, Finkelstein JN. Comparison of adult and newborn pulmonary cytokine mRNA expression after hyperoxia. Exp Lung Res. 1997 Nov-Dec; 23(6):537-52.
  View in: PubMed
• Wright TW, Johnston CJ, Harmsen AG, Finkelstein JN. Analysis of cytokine mRNA profiles in the lungs of Pneumocystis carinii-infected mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997 Oct; 17(4):491-500.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Mango GW, Finkelstein JN, Stripp BR. Altered pulmonary response to hyperoxia in Clara cell secretory protein deficient mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997 Aug; 17(2):147-55.
  View in: PubMed
• O'Reilly MA, Staversky RJ, Flanders KC, Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN. Temporal changes in expression of TGF-beta isoforms in mouse lung exposed to oxygen. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan; 272(1 Pt 1):L60-7.
  View in: PubMed
• Driscoll KE, Howard BW, Carter JM, Asquith T, Johnston C, Detilleux P, Kunkel SL, Isfort RJ. Alpha-quartz-induced chemokine expression by rat lung epithelial cells: effects of in vivo and in vitro particle exposure. Am J Pathol. 1996 Nov; 149(5):1627-37.
  View in: PubMed
• Stripp BR, Lund J, Mango GW, Doyen KC, Johnston C, Hultenby K, Nord M, Whitsett JA. Clara cell secretory protein: a determinant of PCB bioaccumulation in mammals. Am J Physiol. 1996 Oct; 271(4 Pt 1):L656-64.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Finkelstein JN, Gelein R, Baggs R, Oberdörster G. Characterization of the early pulmonary inflammatory response associated with PTFE fume exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Sep; 140(1):154-63.
  View in: PubMed
• Reynolds SD, Johnston C, Leboy PS, O'Keefe RJ, Puzas JE, Rosier RN, Reynolds PR. Identification and characterization of a unique chondrocyte gene involved in transition to hypertrophy. Exp Cell Res. 1996 Jul 10; 226(1):197-207.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Piedboeuf B, Rubin P, Williams JP, Baggs R, Finkelstein JN. Early and persistent alterations in the expression of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA levels in fibrosis-resistant and sensitive mice after thoracic irradiation. Radiat Res. 1996 Jun; 145(6):762-7.
  View in: PubMed
• Oberdörster G, Finkelstein J, Ferin J, Godleski J, Chang LY, Gelein R, Johnston C, Crapo JD. Ultrafine particles as a potential environmental health hazard. Studies with model particles. Chest. 1996 Mar; 109(3 Suppl):68S-69S.
  View in: PubMed
• Rubin P, Johnston CJ, Williams JP, McDonald S, Finkelstein JN. A perpetual cascade of cytokines postirradiation leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995 Aug 30; 33(1):99-109.
  View in: PubMed
• Johnston CJ, Piedboeuf B, Baggs R, Rubin P, Finkelstein JN. Differences in correlation of mRNA gene expression in mice sensitive and resistant to radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Radiat Res. 1995 May; 142(2):197-203.
  View in: PubMed
• Finkelstein JN, Johnston CJ, Baggs R, Rubin P. Early alterations in extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor beta gene expression in mouse lung indicative of late radiation fibrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Feb 1; 28(3):621-31.
  View in: PubMed
• Piedboeuf B, Johnston CJ, Watkins RH, Hudak BB, Lazo JS, Cherian MG, Horowitz S. Increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-I) and metallothionein in murine lungs after hyperoxic exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Feb; 10(2):123-32.
  View in: PubMed
• Veness-Meehan KA, Cheng ER, Mercier CE, Blixt SL, Johnston CJ, Watkins RH, Horowitz S. Cell-specific alterations in expression of hyperoxia-induced mRNAs of lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991 Dec; 5(6):516-21.
  View in: PubMed
• Horowitz S, Shapiro DL, Finkelstein JN, Notter RH, Johnston CJ, Quible DJ. Changes in gene expression in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. Am J Physiol. 1990 Feb; 258(2 Pt 1):L107-11.
  View in: PubMed