Timothy Mosmann
| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Microbiology and Immunology in the Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology |
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| Address | University of Rochester Medical Center
School of Medicine and Dentistry
601 Elmwood Ave, Box 609
Rochester NY 14642
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| Title | Director |
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| Institution | University of Rochester Medical Center |
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| Department | Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology |
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| 1975 |
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| 1977 | Centennial Fellow, MRC of Canada. | | 1991 |
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| 1996 | International Research Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute. | | 1993 |
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| Bernhard Cinader Lectureship, Canadian Society for Immunology. | | 1994 |
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| Avery-Landsteiner Prize, German Society for Immunology | | 1995 |
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| Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada | | 1996 |
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| 1999 | NIH Fogarty Scholar-in-Residence, 12 months total | | 1997 |
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| ASTECH award for Outstanding Leadership in Alberta Science | | 1997 |
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| 2001 | International Research Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute. | | 1997 |
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| William B. Coley Award, Cancer Research Institute (USA) | | 2005 |
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| Pillars of Immunology, 1986 paper, T cell subsets | | 2008 |
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| Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize | | 2011 |
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| Thomson Reuters Citation Laureate |
The Th1 and Th2 subsets of CD4+ T cells induce different types of effector functions that are useful in combating different pathogens. Th1 cells producing Interferon gamma induce cytotoxic, inflammatory responses that are most effective against intracellular parasites, whereas Th2 cells producing IL4 and IL5 induce successful responses against helminth parasites. Although naïve, uncommitted CD4 T cells can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes within a few days of initial stimulation, they can also remain uncommitted. These primed, precursor cells (Thpp) produce IL-2 and proliferate rapidly, allowing expansion of antigen-specific cells during an immune response before commitment to a particular effector phenotype. Cells producing only IL-2 also persist for several weeks after immunization, suggesting that these cells may also provide an expanded pool of uncommitted T cells for subsequent immune responses. In common with Treg cells, Thpp express CD73, which can help to generate adenosine that contributes to immune suppression.
In vivo T cell functions are difficult to evaluate, because cytokine secretion phenotypes in addition to Th1, Th2 and Th0 may occur in vivo; and differentiation and selective growth of T cell subsets in vitro can rapidly obscure patterns that occur in vivo. We are using multicolor flow cytometry and Spot assays to detect the simultaneous expression of two or more cytokines by individual human or mouse T cells, to resolve the contributions of partial differentiation, stochastic variation and environmental effects to the spectrum of cytokines produced by individual cells. Short-term cloning experiments are being used to examine the relationship between T cell phenotypes in vivo, versus in long-term tissue culture. These methods are being applied to define the precise T cell phenotypes induced by vaccination and infection by different influenza strains in infants, adults and the elderly.
A Genechip analysis of T cell gene expression revealed that Amphiregulin, an EGF family member, is selectively expressed in activated mouse Th2 cells, and contributes to Th2-mediated elimination of a helminth parasite. This raises the possibility that Th2 cells could contribute to asthma both by enhancing the allergic response and by increasing tissue remodeling. Initial human experiments suggest that regulation of amhipregulin expression is more complex in humans, but still linked to a Type 2 response. A clinical study has been initiated to compare amphiregulin expression in asthmatic patients and controls.
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Moore KW, Vieira P, Fiorentino DF, Trounstine ML, Khan TA, Mosmann TR. Pillars Article: Homology of Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr Virus Gene BCRFI. Science. 1990. 248: 1230-1234. J Immunol. 2012 Sep 1; 189(5):2072-6.
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Qi Y, Operario DJ, Georas SN, Mosmann TR. The acute environment, rather than T cell subset pre-commitment, regulates expression of the human T cell cytokine amphiregulin. PLoS One. 2012; 7(6):e39072.
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Li X, Miao H, Henn A, Topham DJ, Wu H, Zand MS, Mosmann TR. Ki-67 expression reveals strong, transient influenza specific CD4 T cell responses after adult vaccination. Vaccine. 2012 Jun 29; 30(31):4581-4.
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Wu H, Kumar A, Miao H, Holden-Wiltse J, Mosmann TR, Livingstone AM, Belz GT, Perelson AS, Zand MS, Topham DJ. Modeling of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells during the primary response indicates that the spleen is a major source of effectors. J Immunol. 2011 Nov 1; 187(9):4474-82.
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Mace CR, Topham DJ, Mosmann TR, Quataert SA, Treanor JJ, Miller BL. Label-free, arrayed sensing of immune response to influenza antigens. Talanta. 2011 Jan 15; 83(3):1000-5.
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Qi Y, Operario DJ, Oberholzer CM, Kobie JJ, Looney RJ, Georas SN, Mosmann TR. Human basophils express amphiregulin in response to T cell-derived IL-3. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec; 126(6):1260-6.e4.
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Miao H, Hollenbaugh JA, Zand MS, Holden-Wiltse J, Mosmann TR, Perelson AS, Wu H, Topham DJ. Quantifying the early immune response and adaptive immune response kinetics in mice infected with influenza A virus. J Virol. 2010 Jul; 84(13):6687-98.
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Qian Y, Wei C, Eun-Hyung Lee F, Campbell J, Halliley J, Lee JA, Cai J, Kong YM, Sadat E, Thomson E, Dunn P, Seegmiller AC, Karandikar NJ, Tipton CM, Mosmann T, Sanz I, Scheuermann RH. Elucidation of seventeen human peripheral blood B-cell subsets and quantification of the tetanus response using a density-based method for the automated identification of cell populations in multidimensional flow cytometry data. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2010; 78 Suppl 1:S69-82.
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Hilchey SP, Kobie JJ, Cochran MR, Secor-Socha S, Wang JC, Hyrien O, Burack WR, Mosmann TR, Quataert SA, Bernstein SH. Human follicular lymphoma CD39+-infiltrating T cells contribute to adenosine-mediated T cell hyporesponsiveness. J Immunol. 2009 Nov 15; 183(10):6157-66.
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Henn AD, Rebhahn J, Brown MA, Murphy AJ, Coca MN, Hyrien O, Pellegrin T, Mosmann T, Zand MS. Modulation of single-cell IgG secretion frequency and rates in human memory B cells by CpG DNA, CD40L, IL-21, and cell division. J Immunol. 2009 Sep 1; 183(5):3177-87.
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Friedberg JW, Kelly JL, Neuberg D, Peterson DR, Kutok JL, Salloum R, Brenn T, Fisher DC, Ronan E, Dalton V, Rich L, Marquis D, Sims P, Rothberg PG, Liesveld J, Fisher RI, Coffman R, Mosmann T, Freedman AS. Phase II study of a TLR-9 agonist (1018 ISS) with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2009 Aug; 146(3):282-91.
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Lee HY, Topham DJ, Park SY, Hollenbaugh J, Treanor J, Mosmann TR, Jin X, Ward BM, Miao H, Holden-Wiltse J, Perelson AS, Zand M, Wu H. Simulation and prediction of the adaptive immune response to influenza A virus infection. J Virol. 2009 Jul; 83(14):7151-65.
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Lee HY, Hawkins E, Zand MS, Mosmann T, Wu H, Hodgkin PD, Perelson AS. Interpreting CFSE obtained division histories of B cells in vitro with Smith-Martin and cyton type models. Bull Math Biol. 2009 Oct; 71(7):1649-70.
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Seavey MM, Mosmann TR. Estradiol-induced vaginal mucus inhibits antigen penetration and CD8(+) T cell priming in response to intravaginal immunization. Vaccine. 2009 Apr 14; 27(17):2342-9.
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Mosmann TR, Kobie JJ, Lee FE, Quataert SA. T helper cytokine patterns: defined subsets, random expression, and external modulation. Immunol Res. 2009; 45(2-3):173-84.
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Hilchey SP, Hyrien O, Mosmann TR, Livingstone AM, Friedberg JW, Young F, Fisher RI, Kelleher RJ, Bankert RB, Bernstein SH. Rituximab immunotherapy results in the induction of a lymphoma idiotype-specific T-cell response in patients with follicular lymphoma: support for a "vaccinal effect" of rituximab. Blood. 2009 Apr 16; 113(16):3809-12.
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Wang JC, Kobie JJ, Zhang L, Cochran M, Mosmann TR, Ritchlin CT, Quataert SA. An 11-color flow cytometric assay for identifying, phenotyping, and assessing endocytic ability of peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets in a single platform. J Immunol Methods. 2009 Feb 28; 341(1-2):106-16.
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Zaiss DM, Sijts AJ, Mosmann TR. Enumeration of cytotoxic CD8 T cells ex vivo during the response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun. 2008 Oct; 76(10):4609-14.
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Rebhahn JA, Bishop C, Divekar AA, Jiminez-Garcia K, Kobie JJ, Lee FE, Maupin GM, Snyder-Cappione JE, Zaiss DM, Mosmann TR. Automated analysis of two- and three-color fluorescent Elispot (Fluorospot) assays for cytokine secretion. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2008 Oct; 92(1):54-65.
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Seavey MM, Mosmann TR. Immunoregulation of fetal and anti-paternal immune responses. Immunol Res. 2008; 40(2):97-113.
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Lee FE, Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Lumb ME, Okam NV, Liu N, Divekar AA, Hall CB, Mosmann TR. Human infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific type 1 and 2 cytokine responses ex vivo during primary RSV infection. J Infect Dis. 2007 Jun 15; 195(12):1779-88.
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Richter M, Ray SJ, Chapman TJ, Austin SJ, Rebhahn J, Mosmann TR, Gardner H, Kotelianski V, deFougerolles AR, Topham DJ. Collagen distribution and expression of collagen-binding alpha1beta1 (VLA-1) and alpha2beta1 (VLA-2) integrins on CD4 and CD8 T cells during influenza infection. J Immunol. 2007 Apr 1; 178(7):4506-16.
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Zaiss DM, Yang L, Shah PR, Kobie JJ, Urban JF, Mosmann TR. Amphiregulin, a TH2 cytokine enhancing resistance to nematodes. Science. 2006 Dec 15; 314(5806):1746.
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Seavey MM, Mosmann TR. Paternal antigen-bearing cells transferred during insemination do not stimulate anti-paternal CD8+ T cells: role of estradiol in locally inhibiting CD8+ T cell responses. J Immunol. 2006 Dec 1; 177(11):7567-78.
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Kobie JJ, Shah PR, Yang L, Rebhahn JA, Fowell DJ, Mosmann TR. T regulatory and primed uncommitted CD4 T cells express CD73, which suppresses effector CD4 T cells by converting 5'-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 15; 177(10):6780-6.
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Snyder-Cappione JE, Divekar AA, Maupin GM, Jin X, Demeter LM, Mosmann TR. HIV-specific cytotoxic cell frequencies measured directly ex vivo by the Lysispot assay can be higher or lower than the frequencies of IFN-gamma-secreting cells: anti-HIV cytotoxicity is not generally impaired relative to other chronic virus responses. J Immunol. 2006 Feb 15; 176(4):2662-8.
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Divekar AA, Zaiss DM, Lee FE, Liu D, Topham DJ, Sijts AJ, Mosmann TR. Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. J Immunol. 2006 Feb 1; 176(3):1465-73.
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Yang L, Kobie JJ, Mosmann TR. CD73 and Ly-6A/E distinguish in vivo primed but uncommitted mouse CD4 T cells from type 1 or type 2 effector cells. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15; 175(10):6458-64.
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Lee FE, Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Liu N, Liu D, Divekar A, Snyder-Cappione JE, Mosmann TR. The balance between influenza- and RSV-specific CD4 T cells secreting IL-10 or IFNgamma in young and healthy-elderly subjects. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 Nov; 126(11):1223-9.
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Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. 1986. J Immunol. 2005 Jul 1; 175(1):5-14.
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Ma J, Mosmann T, Wu H. Design considerations for a web-based database system of ELISpot assay in immunological research. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2005; 1039.
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Mosmann TR, Livingstone AM. Dendritic cells: the immune information management experts. Nat Immunol. 2004 Jun; 5(6):564-6.
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Yang L, Mosmann T. Synthesis of several chemokines but few cytokines by primed uncommitted precursor CD4 T cells suggests that these cells recruit other immune cells without exerting direct effector functions. Eur J Immunol. 2004 Jun; 34(6):1617-26.
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Snyder JE, Mosmann TR. How to "spot" a real killer. Trends Immunol. 2003 May; 24(5):231; author reply 231-2.
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Snyder JE, Bowers WJ, Livingstone AM, Lee FE, Federoff HJ, Mosmann TR. Measuring the frequency of mouse and human cytotoxic T cells by the Lysispot assay: independent regulation of cytokine secretion and short-term killing. Nat Med. 2003 Feb; 9(2):231-5.
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Wang X, Mosmann T. In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. J Exp Med. 2001 Oct 15; 194(8):1069-80.
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Mosmann T. Measurement of mouse and human interleukin 10. Curr Protoc Immunol. 2001 May; Chapter 6:Unit 6.14.
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Mosmann T. Complexity or coherence? Cytokine secretion by B cells. Nat Immunol. 2000 Dec; 1(6):465-6.
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Li L, Xia Y, Nguyen A, Lai YH, Feng L, Mosmann TR, Lo D. Effects of Th2 cytokines on chemokine expression in the lung: IL-13 potently induces eotaxin expression by airway epithelial cells. J Immunol. 1999 Mar 1; 162(5):2477-87.
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Lai YH, Mosmann TR. Mouse IL-13 enhances antibody production in vivo and acts directly on B cells in vitro to increase survival and hence antibody production. J Immunol. 1999 Jan 1; 162(1):78-87.
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Akai PS, Mosmann TR. Primed and replicating but uncommitted T helper precursor cells show kinetics of differentiation and commitment similar to those of naive T helper cells. Microbes Infect. 1999 Jan; 1(1):51-8.
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Liu MF, Ning Q, Pope M, Mosmann T, Leibowitz J, Ding JW, Fung LS, Rotstein O, Gorczynski R, Levy GA. Resistance of naive mice to murine hepatitis virus strain 3 requires development of a Th1, but not a Th2, response, whereas pre-existing antibody partially protects against primary infection. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998; 440:415-23.
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Sad S, Li L, Mosmann TR. Cytokine-deficient CD8+ Tc1 cells induced by IL-4: retained inflammation and perforin and Fas cytotoxicity but compromised long term killing of tumor cells. J Immunol. 1997 Jul 15; 159(2):606-13.
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Li L, Sad S, Kägi D, Mosmann TR. CD8Tc1 and Tc2 cells secrete distinct cytokine patterns in vitro and in vivo but induce similar inflammatory reactions. J Immunol. 1997 May 1; 158(9):4152-61.
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Sad S, Krishnan L, Bleackley RC, Kägi D, Hengartner H, Mosmann TR. Cytotoxicity and weak CD40 ligand expression of CD8+ type 2 cytotoxic T cells restricts their potential B cell helper activity. Eur J Immunol. 1997 Apr; 27(4):914-22.
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Mosmann TR, Li L, Sad S. Functions of CD8 T-cell subsets secreting different cytokine patterns. Semin Immunol. 1997 Apr; 9(2):87-92.
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Mosmann TR, Li L, Hengartner H, Kagi D, Fu W, Sad S. Differentiation and functions of T cell subsets. Ciba Found Symp. 1997; 204:148-54; discussion 154-8.
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Suarez-Pinzon W, Rajotte RV, Mosmann TR, Rabinovitch A. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in syngeneic islet grafts in NOD mice produce interferon-gamma during beta-cell destruction. Diabetes. 1996 Oct; 45(10):1350-7.
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Sad S, Kägi D, Mosmann TR. Perforin and Fas killing by CD8+ T cells limits their cytokine synthesis and proliferation. J Exp Med. 1996 Oct 1; 184(4):1543-7.
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Madsen KL, Tavernini MM, Mosmann TR, Fedorak RN. Interleukin 10 modulates ion transport in rat small intestine. Gastroenterology. 1996 Oct; 111(4):936-44.
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Lai YH, Heslan JM, Poppema S, Elliott JF, Mosmann TR. Continuous administration of Il-13 to mice induces extramedullary hemopoiesis and monocytosis. J Immunol. 1996 May 1; 156(9):3166-73.
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Pope M, Chung SW, Mosmann T, Leibowitz JL, Gorczynski RM, Levy GA. Resistance of naive mice to murine hepatitis virus strain 3 requires development of a Th1, but not a Th2, response, whereas pre-existing antibody partially protects against primary infection. J Immunol. 1996 May 1; 156(9):3342-9.
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Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today. 1996 Mar; 17(3):138-46.
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Krishnan L, Guilbert LJ, Wegmann TG, Belosevic M, Mosmann TR. T helper 1 response against Leishmania major in pregnant C57BL/6 mice increases implantation failure and fetal resorptions. Correlation with increased IFN-gamma and TNF and reduced IL-10 production by placental cells. J Immunol. 1996 Jan 15; 156(2):653-62.
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Krishnan L, Guilbert LJ, Russell AS, Wegmann TG, Mosmann TR, Belosevic M. Pregnancy impairs resistance of C57BL/6 mice to Leishmania major infection and causes decreased antigen-specific IFN-gamma response and increased production of T helper 2 cytokines. J Immunol. 1996 Jan 15; 156(2):644-52.
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Sad S, Mosmann TR. Interleukin (IL) 4, in the absence of antigen stimulation, induces an anergy-like state in differentiated CD8+ TC1 cells: loss of IL-2 synthesis and autonomous proliferation but retention of cytotoxicity and synthesis of other cytokines. J Exp Med. 1995 Nov 1; 182(5):1505-15.
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Mosmann TR. Cytokines, differentiation and functions of subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Behring Inst Mitt. 1995 Jun; (96):1-6.
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Chaouat G, Assal Meliani A, Martal J, Raghupathy R, Elliott JF, Elliot J, Mosmann T, Wegmann TG. IL-10 prevents naturally occurring fetal loss in the CBA x DBA/2 mating combination, and local defect in IL-10 production in this abortion-prone combination is corrected by in vivo injection of IFN-tau. J Immunol. 1995 May 1; 154(9):4261-8.
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Sad S, Marcotte R, Mosmann TR. Cytokine-induced differentiation of precursor mouse CD8+ T cells into cytotoxic CD8+ T cells secreting Th1 or Th2 cytokines. Immunity. 1995 Mar; 2(3):271-9.
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Mosmann TR, Sad S, Krishnan L, Wegmann TG, Guilbert LJ, Belosevic M. Differentiation of subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Ciba Found Symp. 1995; 195:42-50; discussion 50-4.
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Li L, Elliott JF, Mosmann TR. IL-10 inhibits cytokine production, vascular leakage, and swelling during T helper 1 cell-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. J Immunol. 1994 Nov 1; 153(9):3967-78.
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Sad S, Mosmann TR. Single IL-2-secreting precursor CD4 T cell can develop into either Th1 or Th2 cytokine secretion phenotype. J Immunol. 1994 Oct 15; 153(8):3514-22.
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Simon JC, Mosmann T, Edelbaum D, Schopf E, Bergstresser PR, Cruz PD. In vivo evidence that ultraviolet B-induced suppression of allergic contact sensitivity is associated with functional inactivation of Th1 cells. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1994 Oct; 10(5):206-11.
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Mosmann TR. Cytokine patterns during the progression to AIDS. Science. 1994 Jul 8; 265(5169):193-4.
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Mosmann TR. Properties and functions of interleukin-10. Adv Immunol. 1994; 56:1-26.
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Lin H, Mosmann TR, Guilbert L, Tuntipopipat S, Wegmann TG. Synthesis of T helper 2-type cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface. J Immunol. 1993 Nov 1; 151(9):4562-73.
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Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L, Mosmann TR. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol Today. 1993 Jul; 14(7):353-6.
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Yang X, Gieni RS, Mosmann TR, HayGlass KT. Chemically modified antigen preferentially elicits induction of Th1-like cytokine synthesis patterns in vivo. J Exp Med. 1993 Jul 1; 178(1):349-53.
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Moore KW, O'Garra A, de Waal Malefyt R, Vieira P, Mosmann TR. Interleukin-10. Annu Rev Immunol. 1993; 11:165-90.
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Bloemkolk JW, Gray MR, Merchant F, Mosmann TR. Effect of temperature on hybridoma cell cycle and MAb production. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1992 Jul; 40(3):427-31.
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Sher A, Gazzinelli RT, Oswald IP, Clerici M, Kullberg M, Pearce EJ, Berzofsky JA, Mosmann TR, James SL, Morse HC. Role of T-cell derived cytokines in the downregulation of immune responses in parasitic and retroviral infection. Immunol Rev. 1992 Jun; 127:183-204.
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Paul WE, Kishimoto T, Melchers F, Metcalf D, Mosmann T, Oppenheim J, Ruddle N, Van Snick J. Nomenclature for secreted regulatory proteins of the immune system (interleukins). WHO-IUIS Nomenclature Subcommittee on Interleukin Designation. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992 May; 88(2):367.
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Mosmann TR. T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and effector functions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992; 664:89-92.
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Sadick MD, Street N, Mosmann TR, Locksley RM. Cytokine regulation of murine leishmaniasis: interleukin 4 is not sufficient to mediate progressive disease in resistant C57BL/6 mice. Infect Immun. 1991 Dec; 59(12):4710-4.
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Fiorentino DF, Zlotnik A, Mosmann TR, Howard M, O'Garra A. IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages. J Immunol. 1991 Dec 1; 147(11):3815-22.
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Sher A, Fiorentino D, Caspar P, Pearce E, Mosmann T. Production of IL-10 by CD4+ T lymphocytes correlates with down-regulation of Th1 cytokine synthesis in helminth infection. J Immunol. 1991 Oct 15; 147(8):2713-6.
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Mosmann TR, Schumacher JH, Street NF, Budd R, O'Garra A, Fong TA, Bond MW, Moore KW, Sher A, Fiorentino DF. Diversity of cytokine synthesis and function of mouse CD4+ T cells. Immunol Rev. 1991 Oct; 123:209-29.
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Mosmann TR. Cytokines: is there biological meaning? Curr Opin Immunol. 1991 Jun; 3(3):311-4.
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Fiorentino DF, Zlotnik A, Vieira P, Mosmann TR, Howard M, Moore KW, O'Garra A. IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells. J Immunol. 1991 May 15; 146(10):3444-51.
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Budd RC, Schumacher JH, Winslow G, Mosmann TR. Elevated production of interferon-gamma and interleukin 4 by mature T cells from autoimmune lpr mice correlates with Pgp-1 (CD44) expression. Eur J Immunol. 1991 Apr; 21(4):1081-4.
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Mosmann TR, Moore KW. The role of IL-10 in crossregulation of TH1 and TH2 responses. Immunol Today. 1991 Mar; 12(3):A49-53.
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Vieira P, de Waal-Malefyt R, Dang MN, Johnson KE, Kastelein R, Fiorentino DF, deVries JE, Roncarolo MG, Mosmann TR, Moore KW. Isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cDNA clones: homology to Epstein-Barr virus open reading frame BCRFI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15; 88(4):1172-6.
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Street NE, Mosmann TR. Functional diversity of T lymphocytes due to secretion of different cytokine patterns. FASEB J. 1991 Feb; 5(2):171-7.
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Kupfer A, Mosmann TR, Kupfer H. Polarized expression of cytokines in cell conjugates of helper T cells and splenic B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1; 88(3):775-9.
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Thompson-Snipes L, Dhar V, Bond MW, Mosmann TR, Moore KW, Rennick DM. Interleukin 10: a novel stimulatory factor for mast cells and their progenitors. J Exp Med. 1991 Feb 1; 173(2):507-10.
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Mosmann TR. Role of a new cytokine, interleukin-10, in the cross-regulation of T helper cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991; 628:337-44.
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Mosmann TR. Cytokine secretion patterns and cross-regulation of T cell subsets. Immunol Res. 1991; 10(3-4):183-8.
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Mosmann TR. Cytokine secretion phenotypes of TH cells: how many subsets, how much regulation? Res Immunol. 1991 Jan; 142(1):9-13.
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Mosmann TR. Regulation of immune responses by T cells with different cytokine secretion phenotypes: role of a new cytokine, cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL10). Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1991; 94(1-4):110-5.
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Coffman RL, Mosmann TR. CD4+ T-cell subsets: regulation of differentiation and function. Res Immunol. 1991 Jan; 142(1):7-9.
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MacNeil IA, Suda T, Moore KW, Mosmann TR, Zlotnik A. IL-10, a novel growth cofactor for mature and immature T cells. J Immunol. 1990 Dec 15; 145(12):4167-73.
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Go NF, Castle BE, Barrett R, Kastelein R, Dang W, Mosmann TR, Moore KW, Howard M. Interleukin 10, a novel B cell stimulatory factor: unresponsiveness of X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency B cells. J Exp Med. 1990 Dec 1; 172(6):1625-31.
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Hsu DH, de Waal Malefyt R, Fiorentino DF, Dang MN, Vieira P, de Vries J, Spits H, Mosmann TR, Moore KW. Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1. Science. 1990 Nov 9; 250(4982):830-2.
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Mosmann TR, Schumacher JH, Fiorentino DF, Leverah J, Moore KW, Bond MW. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies specific for IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and a new Th2-specific cytokine (IL-10), cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, by using a solid phase radioimmunoadsorbent assay. J Immunol. 1990 Nov 1; 145(9):2938-45.
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Moore KW, Vieira P, Fiorentino DF, Trounstine ML, Khan TA, Mosmann TR. Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRFI. Science. 1990 Jun 8; 248(4960):1230-4.
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Street NE, Schumacher JH, Fong TA, Bass H, Fiorentino DF, Leverah JA, Mosmann TR. Heterogeneity of mouse helper T cells. Evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of Th1 and Th2 cells. J Immunol. 1990 Mar 1; 144(5):1629-39.
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Fong TA, Mosmann TR. Alloreactive murine CD8+ T cell clones secrete the Th1 pattern of cytokines. J Immunol. 1990 Mar 1; 144(5):1744-52.
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Street NE, Mosmann TR. IL4 and IL5: the role of two multifunctional cytokines and their place in the network of cytokine interactions. Biotherapy. 1990; 2(4):347-62.
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Finkelman FD, Holmes J, Katona IM, Urban JF, Beckmann MP, Park LS, Schooley KA, Coffman RL, Mosmann TR, Paul WE. Lymphokine control of in vivo immunoglobulin isotype selection. Annu Rev Immunol. 1990; 8:303-33.
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Fiorentino DF, Bond MW, Mosmann TR. Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. J Exp Med. 1989 Dec 1; 170(6):2081-95.
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Fong TA, Mosmann TR. The role of IFN-gamma in delayed-type hypersensitivity mediated by Th1 clones. J Immunol. 1989 Nov 1; 143(9):2887-93.
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Bass H, Mosmann T, Strober S. Evidence for mouse Th1- and Th2-like helper T cells in vivo. Selective reduction of Th1-like cells after total lymphoid irradiation. J Exp Med. 1989 Nov 1; 170(5):1495-511.
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DeKruyff RH, Ju ST, Hunt AJ, Mosmann TR, Umetsu DT. Induction of antigen-specific antibody responses in primed and unprimed B cells. Functional heterogeneity among Th1 and Th2 T cell clones. J Immunol. 1989 Apr 15; 142(8):2575-82.
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Mosmann TR, Fong TA. Specific assays for cytokine production by T cells. J Immunol Methods. 1989 Jan 17; 116(2):151-8.
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Brown KD, Zurawski SM, Mosmann TR, Zurawski G. A family of small inducible proteins secreted by leukocytes are members of a new superfamily that includes leukocyte and fibroblast-derived inflammatory agents, growth factors, and indicators of various activation processes. J Immunol. 1989 Jan 15; 142(2):679-87.
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Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol. 1989; 7:145-73.
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Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. Heterogeneity of cytokine secretion patterns and functions of helper T cells. Adv Immunol. 1989; 46:111-47.
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Sanders VM, Fernandez-Botran R, Coffman RL, Mosmann TR, Vitetta ES. A single antigen-specific B cell can conjugate to either a type 1 or a type 2 helper T cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct; 85(20):7724-8.
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Mosmann TR. Directional release of lymphokines from T cells. Immunol Today. 1988 Oct; 9(10):306-7.
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Schumacher JH, O'Garra A, Shrader B, van Kimmenade A, Bond MW, Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. The characterization of four monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse IL-5 and development of mouse and human IL-5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent. J Immunol. 1988 Sep 1; 141(5):1576-81.
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Fernandez-Botran R, Sanders VM, Mosmann TR, Vitetta ES. Lymphokine-mediated regulation of the proliferative response of clones of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 1988 Aug 1; 168(2):543-58.
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Stevens TL, Bossie A, Sanders VM, Fernandez-Botran R, Coffman RL, Mosmann TR, Vitetta ES. Regulation of antibody isotype secretion by subsets of antigen-specific helper T cells. Nature. 1988 Jul 21; 334(6179):255-8.
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Finkelman FD, Katona IM, Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. IFN-gamma regulates the isotypes of Ig secreted during in vivo humoral immune responses. J Immunol. 1988 Feb 15; 140(4):1022-7.
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Coffman RL, Mosmann TR. Isotype regulation by helper T cells and lymphokines. Monogr Allergy. 1988; 24:96-103.
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Ransom J, Fischer M, Mosmann T, Yokota T, DeLuca D, Schumacher J, Zlotnik A. Interferon-gamma is produced by activated immature mouse thymocytes and inhibits the interleukin 4-induced proliferation of immature thymocytes. J Immunol. 1987 Dec 15; 139(12):4102-8.
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Coffman RL, Shrader B, Carty J, Mosmann TR, Bond MW. A mouse T cell product that preferentially enhances IgA production. I. Biologic characterization. J Immunol. 1987 Dec 1; 139(11):3685-90.
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Bond MW, Shrader B, Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. A mouse T cell product that preferentially enhances IgA production. II. Physicochemical characterization. J Immunol. 1987 Dec 1; 139(11):3691-6.
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Cherwinski HM, Schumacher JH, Brown KD, Mosmann TR. Two types of mouse helper T cell clone. III. Further differences in lymphokine synthesis between Th1 and Th2 clones revealed by RNA hybridization, functionally monospecific bioassays, and monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med. 1987 Nov 1; 166(5):1229-44.
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Dubois P, Stein P, Ennist D, Greenblatt D, Mosmann T, Howard M. Requirement for BSF-1 in the induction of antigen-specific B cell proliferation by a thymus-dependent antigen and carrier-reactive T cell line. J Immunol. 1987 Sep 15; 139(6):1927-34.
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Cher DJ, Mosmann TR. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. II. Delayed-type hypersensitivity is mediated by TH1 clones. J Immunol. 1987 Jun 1; 138(11):3688-94.
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Deans JP, Krowka JF, Mosmann T, Pilarski LM. Antigen-specific helper factor reacts with antibody to the T-cell receptor. J Immunogenet. 1987 Apr-Jun; 14(2-3):103-7.
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Mosmann TR, Yokota T, Kastelein R, Zurawski SM, Arai N, Takebe Y. Species-specificity of T cell stimulating activities of IL 2 and BSF-1 (IL 4): comparison of normal and recombinant, mouse and human IL 2 and BSF-1 (IL 4). J Immunol. 1987 Mar 15; 138(6):1813-6.
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Rupp F, Brecher J, Giedlin MA, Mosmann T, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H, Joho RH. T-cell antigen receptors with identical variable regions but different diversity and joining region gene segments have distinct specificities but cross-reactive idiotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan; 84(1):219-22.
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Hu-Li J, Shevach EM, Mizuguchi J, Ohara J, Mosmann T, Paul WE. B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4) is a potent costimulant for normal resting T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1987 Jan 1; 165(1):157-72.
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Zurawski SM, Mosmann TR, Benedik M, Zurawski G. Alterations in the amino-terminal third of mouse interleukin 2: effects on biological activity and immunoreactivity. J Immunol. 1986 Nov 15; 137(10):3354-60.
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Yokota T, Otsuka T, Mosmann T, Banchereau J, DeFrance T, Blanchard D, De Vries JE, Lee F, Arai K. Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory factor 1, that expresses B-cell- and T-cell-stimulating activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug; 83(16):5894-8.
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Mosmann TR, Bond MW, Coffman RL, Ohara J, Paul WE. T-cell and mast cell lines respond to B-cell stimulatory factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug; 83(15):5654-8.
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Krowka JF, Singh B, Fotedar A, Mosmann T, Giedlin MA, Pilarski LM. A requirement for physical linkage between determinants recognized by helper molecules and cytotoxic T cell precursors in the induction of cytotoxic T cell responses. J Immunol. 1986 May 15; 136(10):3561-6.
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Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol. 1986 Apr 1; 136(7):2348-57.
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Lee F, Yokota T, Otsuka T, Meyerson P, Villaret D, Coffman R, Mosmann T, Rennick D, Roehm N, Smith C, et al. Isolation and characterization of a mouse interleukin cDNA clone that expresses B-cell stimulatory factor 1 activities and T-cell- and mast-cell-stimulating activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr; 83(7):2061-5.
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Giedlin MA, Longenecker BM, Mosmann TR. Murine T-cell clones specific for chicken erythrocyte alloantigens. Cell Immunol. 1986 Feb; 97(2):357-70.
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Yokota T, Arai N, Lee F, Rennick D, Mosmann T, Arai K. Use of a cDNA expression vector for isolation of mouse interleukin 2 cDNA clones: expression of T-cell growth-factor activity after transfection of monkey cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan; 82(1):68-72.
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Pringle GA, Dodd CM, Osborn JW, Pearson CH, Mosmann TR. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine skin proteodermatan sulfate. Coll Relat Res. 1985 Jan; 5(1):23-39.
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Yokota T, Lee F, Rennick D, Hall C, Arai N, Mosmann T, Nabel G, Cantor H, Arai K. Isolation and characterization of a mouse cDNA clone that expresses mast-cell growth-factor activity in monkey cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb; 81(4):1070-4.
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Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983 Dec 16; 65(1-2):55-63.
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Valle G, Besley J, Williamson AR, Mosmann TR, Colman A. Post-translational fate of variant MOPC 315 lambda chains in Xenopus oocytes and mouse myeloma cells. Eur J Biochem. 1983 Apr 15; 132(1):131-8.
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Tsui F, Mahuran DJ, Lowden JA, Mosmann T, Gravel RA. Characterization of polypeptides serologically and structurally related to hexosaminidase in cultured fibroblasts. J Clin Invest. 1983 Apr; 71(4):965-73.
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Lee JS, Dombroski DF, Mosmann TR. Specificity of autoimmune monoclonal Fab fragments binding to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1982 Sep 28; 21(20):4940-5.
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Hozumi N, Wu G, Murialdo H, Baumal R, Mosmann T, Winberry L, Marks A. Arrangement of lambda light chain genes in mutant clones of the MOPC 315 mouse myeloma cells. J Immunol. 1982 Jul; 129(1):260-6.
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Mosmann TR, Longenecker BM. The high background immune reactivity of mice to polymorphic determinants on xenogeneic erythrocytes: theoretical and practical implications. J Immunol. 1982 Jan; 128(1):100-4.
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Maclean GD, Mosmann TR, Akabutu JJ, Longenecker BM. Preference of the early murine immune response for polymorphic determinants on human lymphoid-leukemia cells and the potential use of monoclonal antibodies to these determinants in leukemia-typing panel. Oncodev Biol Med. 1982; 3(2-3):223-32.
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Bleackley RC, Caplan B, Havele C, Ritzel RG, Mosmann TR, Farrar JJ, Paetkau V. Translation of lymphocyte mRNA into biologically-active Interleukin 2 in oocytes. J Immunol. 1981 Dec; 127(6):2432-5.
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Mackie EB, Mosmann TR, Bryan LE, Longenecker BM. A strong, specific response of mice to serotype-specific antigenic determinants of Neisseria meningitidis, analyzed with mouse monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol. 1981 Jul; 127(1):387-8.
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Lee JS, Lewis JR, Morgan AR, Mosmann TR, Singh B. Monoclonal antibodies showing sequence specificity in their interaction with single-stranded DNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Apr 10; 9(7):1707-21.
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Longenecker BM, Mosmann TR. Nomenclature for chicken MHC (B) antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. Immunogenetics. 1981; 13(1-2):25-8.
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Longenecker BM, Mosmann TR. Structure and properties of the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken. Speculations on the advantages and evolution of polymorphism. Immunogenetics. 1981; 13(1-2):1-23.
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Mosmann TR, Gallatin M, Longenecker BM. Alteration of apparent specificity of monoclonal (hybridoma) antibodies recognizing polymorphic histocompatibility and blood group determinants. J Immunol. 1980 Sep; 125(3):1152-6.
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Mosmann TR, Williamson AR. Structural mutations in a mouse immunoglobulin light chain resulting in failure to be secreted. Cell. 1980 Jun; 20(2):283-92.
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Williamson AR, Singer HH, Singer PA, Mosmann TR. The value of tunicamycin for studies on immunoglobulin biosynthesis. Biochem Soc Trans. 1980 Apr; 8(2):168-70.
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Longenecker BM, Mosmann TR. "Natural" antibodies to chicken MHC antigens are present in mice, rats, humans, alligators and allogeneic chickens. Immunogenetics. 1980; 11(3):293-302.
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Longenecker BM, Mosmann TR. Restricted expression of an MHC alloantigen in cells of the erythroid series: a specific marker for erythroid differentiation. J Supramol Struct. 1980; 13(3):395-400.
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Wegmann TG, Mosmann TR, Carlson GA, Olijnyk O, Singh B. The ability of the murine placenta to absorb monoclonal anti-fetal H-2K antibody from the maternal circulation. J Immunol. 1979 Sep; 123(3):1020-3.
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Mosmann TR, Baumal R, Williamson AR. Mutations affecting immunoglobulin light chain secretion by myeloma cells. I. Functional analysis by cell fusion. Eur J Immunol. 1979 Jul; 9(7):511-6.
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Mosmann TR, Gravel Y, Williamson AR, Baumal R. Modification and fate of J chain in myeloma cells in the presence and absence of polymeric immunoglobulin secretion. Eur J Immunol. 1978 Feb; 8(2):94-101.
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Singer PA, Mosmann TR, Williamson AR. Genetic control of immunoglobulin production by individual cell lines. Ann Immunol (Paris). 1976 Sep-Oct; 127(5):667-74.
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Hudson JB, Misra V, Mosmann TR. Properties of the multicapsid virions of murine cytomegalovirus. Virology. 1976 Jul 1; 72(1):224-34.
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Hudson JB, Misra V, Mosmann TR. Cytomegalovirus infectivity: analysis of the phenomenon of centrifugal enhancement of infectivity. Virology. 1976 Jul 1; 72(1):235-43.
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Mosmann T, Baumal R. Macroscopic cloning assay using complement fixation to isolate secretion variants of myeloma cells. J Immunol Methods. 1976 Mar; 10(2-3):119-25.
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Mosmann T, Baumal R. Synthesis but not secretion of J chain by variant mouse myeloma cells which lose alpha-chain-synthesizing ability. J Immunol. 1975 Oct; 115(4):955-62.
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Mosmann TR, Hudson JB. Structural and functional heterogeneity of the murine cytomegalovirus genome. Virology. 1974 Nov; 62(1):175-83.
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Mosmann TR, Hudson JB. Some properties of the genome of murine cytomegalovirus (MCV). Virology. 1973 Jul; 54(1):135-49.
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Woods DR, Mosmann TR, Hanson S, Hendry DA. Pigmentation and acriflavine resistance in Serratia marcescens. J Bacteriol. 1971 Nov; 108(2):765-9.
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