Xin Tu (Ph.D.) is Professor of Biostatistics and Psychiatry in the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Psychiatry. He is the Director of the Statistical Consulting Center and the Director of the Psychiatric Statistics Division within the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology.
Dr. Tu has done important work in the areas of U-statistics, longitudinal data analysis, survival analysis with interval censoring and truncation, and pooled testing, and has successfully applied his novel development to addressing important methodological problems in HIV/AIDS, mental health and psychosocial research. In recent years, he and his group have been focusing on issues arising in research on accuracy of proxy outcomes, causal effect from group-based psychosocial interventions and observational longitudinal data, and intervention pathways (mechanism of action) as well as interplay between biological, behavioral and societal factors in the study of disease etiology and treatment.
Dr. Tu has co-authored a book entitled: Modern Applied U-Statistics, six book chapters, over ninety peer-reviewed publications and numerous conference abstracts. He has mentored two Ph.D., one postdoctoral and numerous Master-level students in biostatistics. The Ph.D. and postdoctoral students all have successfully secured faculty positions at major research universities including the Johns Hopkins University. He is currently mentoring two post-doctoral and three pre-doctoral students.

• Conner KR, McCarthy MD, Bajorska A, Caine ED, Tu XM, Knox KL. Mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders and suicide risk in a military population cohort. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2012 Dec; 42(6):699-708.
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• Pigeon WR, Moynihan J, Matteson-Rusby S, Jungquist CR, Xia Y, Tu X, Perlis ML. Comparative effectiveness of CBT interventions for co-morbid chronic pain & insomnia: A pilot study. Behav Res Ther. 2012 Nov; 50(11):685-9.
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• Feng C, Wang H, Lu N, Tu XM. Log transformation: application and interpretation in biomedical research. Stat Med. 2013 Jan 30; 32(2):230-9.
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• Li H, Powers BA, Melnyk BM, McCann R, Koulouglioti C, Anson E, Smith JA, Xia Y, Glose S, Tu X. Randomized controlled trial of CARE: An intervention to improve outcomes of hospitalized elders and family caregivers. Res Nurs Health. 2012 Oct; 35(5):533-49.
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• Pisani AR, Schmeelk-Cone K, Gunzler D, Petrova M, Goldston DB, Tu X, Wyman PA. Associations between suicidal high school students' help-seeking and their attitudes and perceptions of social environment. J Youth Adolesc. 2012 Oct; 41(10):1312-24.
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• Xia Y, Morrison-Beedy D, Ma J, Feng C, Cross W, Tu X. Modeling Count Outcomes from HIV Risk Reduction Interventions: A Comparison of Competing Statistical Models for Count Responses. AIDS Res Treat. 2012; 2012:593569.
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• Wan C, Jiang R, Tu XM, Tang W, Pan J, Yang R, Li X, Yang Z, Zhang X. The hypertension scale of the system of Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases, QLICD-HY: A development and validation study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012 Apr; 49(4):465-80.
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• Castle K, Conner K, Kaukeinen K, Tu X. Perceived racism, discrimination, and acculturation in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among black young adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2011 Jun; 41(3):342-51.
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• Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, Tu X, Lu N, He H, Stuart S. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatr Serv. 2011 Apr; 62(4):374-80.
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• Boyle LL, Richardson TM, He H, Xia Y, Tu X, Boustani M, Conwell Y. How do the PHQ-2, the PHQ-9 perform in aging services clients with cognitive impairment? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 Sep; 26(9):952-60.
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• Richardson TM, He H, Podgorski C, Tu X, Conwell Y. Screening depression aging services clients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Dec; 18(12):1116-23.
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• Conner KR, Gunzler D, Tang W, Tu XM, Maisto SA. Test of a clinical model of drinking and suicidal risk. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan; 35(1):60-8.
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• Duberstein PR, Ma Y, Chapman BP, Conwell Y, McGriff J, Coyne JC, Franus N, Heisel MJ, Kaukeinen KA, Sörensen S, Tu XM, Lyness JM. Detection of depression in older adults by family and friends: distinguishing mood disorder signals from the noise of personality and everyday life. Int Psychogeriatr. 2011 May; 23(4):634-43.
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• Wilde MH, Getliffe K, Brasch J, McMahon J, Anson E, Tu X. A new urinary catheter-related quality of life instrument for adults. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Sep; 29(7):1282-5.
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• Poleshuck EL, Talbot NE, Zlotnick C, Gamble SA, Liu X, Tu X, Giles DE. Interpersonal psychotherapy for women with comorbid depression and chronic pain. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010 Aug; 198(8):597-600.
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• Wyman PA, Brown CH, LoMurray M, Schmeelk-Cone K, Petrova M, Yu Q, Walsh E, Tu X, Wang W. An outcome evaluation of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools. Am J Public Health. 2010 Sep; 100(9):1653-61.
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• Wyman PA, Cross W, Hendricks Brown C, Yu Q, Tu X, Eberly S. Intervention to strengthen emotional self-regulation in children with emerging mental health problems: proximal impact on school behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Jul; 38(5):707-20.
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• Yurka HG, Wissler RN, Zanghi CN, Liu X, Tu X, Eaton MP. The effective concentration of epsilon-aminocaproic Acid for inhibition of fibrinolysis in neonatal plasma in vitro. Anesth Analg. 2010 Jul; 111(1):180-4.
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• Wilde MH, Brasch J, Getliffe K, Brown KA, McMahon JM, Smith JA, Anson E, Tang W, Tu X. Study on the use of long-term urinary catheters in community-dwelling individuals. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2010 May-Jun; 37(3):301-10.
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• Bossarte RM, He H, Claassen CA, Knox K, Tu X. Development and validation of a 6-day standard for the identification of frequent mental distress. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011 May; 46(5):403-11.
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• Boyle LL, Lyness JM, Duberstein PR, Karuza J, King DA, Messing S, Tu X. Trait neuroticism, depression, and cognitive function in older primary care patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Apr; 18(4):305-12.
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• Grabovich A, Lu N, Tang W, Tu X, Lyness JM. Outcomes of subsyndromal depression in older primary care patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Mar; 18(3):227-35.
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• Cerulli C, Cerulli J, Santos EJ, Lu N, He H, Kaukeinen K, White AM, Tu X. Does the health status of intimate partner violence victims warrant pharmacies as portals for public health promotion? J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2010 Mar-Apr 1; 50(2):200-6.
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• Chaudron LH, Szilagyi PG, Tang W, Anson E, Talbot NL, Wadkins HI, Tu X, Wisner KL. Accuracy of depression screening tools for identifying postpartum depression among urban mothers. Pediatrics. 2010 Mar; 125(3):e609-17.
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• Gamble SA, Conner KR, Talbot NL, Yu Q, Tu XM, Connors GJ. Effects of pretreatment and posttreatment depressive symptoms on alcohol consumption following treatment in Project MATCH. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010 Jan; 71(1):71-7.
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• Morrison-Beedy D, Carey MP, Seibold-Simpson SM, Xia Y, Tu X. Preliminary efficacy of a comprehensive HIV prevention intervention for abstinent adolescent girls: pilot study findings. Res Nurs Health. 2009 Dec; 32(6):569-81.
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• Lyness JM, Yu Q, Tang W, Tu X, Conwell Y. Risks for depression onset in primary care elderly patients: potential targets for preventive interventions. Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Dec; 166(12):1375-83.
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• Lu N, Tang W, He H, Yu Q, Crits-Christoph P, Zhang H, Tu X. On the impact of parametric assumptions and robust alternatives for longitudinal data analysis. Biom J. 2009 Aug; 51(4):627-43.
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• Silenzio VM, Duberstein PR, Tang W, Lu N, Tu X, Homan CM. Connecting the invisible dots: reaching lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents and young adults at risk for suicide through online social networks. Soc Sci Med. 2009 Aug; 69(3):469-74.
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• Poleshuck EL, Bair MJ, Kroenke K, Watts A, Tu X, Giles DE. Pain and depression in gynecology patients. Psychosomatics. 2009 May-Jun; 50(3):270-6.
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• Lavigne JE, Griggs JJ, Tu XM, Lerner DJ. Hot flashes, fatigue, treatment exposures and work productivity in breast cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv. 2008 Dec; 2(4):296-302.
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• Poleshuck EL, Talbot NL, Su H, Tu X, Chaudron L, Gamble S, Giles DE. Pain as a predictor of depression treatment outcomes in women with childhood sexual abuse. Compr Psychiatry. 2009 May-Jun; 50(3):215-20.
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• Morrison-Beedy D, Carey MP, Feng C, Tu XM. Predicting sexual risk behaviors among adolescent and young women using a prospective diary method. Res Nurs Health. 2008 Aug; 31(4):329-40.
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• Cui X, Lyness JM, Tang W, Tu X, Conwell Y. Outcomes and predictors of late-life depression trajectories in older primary care patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 May; 16(5):406-15.
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• Caserta MT, O'Connor TG, Wyman PA, Wang H, Moynihan J, Cross W, Tu X, Jin X. The associations between psychosocial stress and the frequency of illness, and innate and adaptive immune function in children. Brain Behav Immun. 2008 Aug; 22(6):933-40.
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• Ma Y, Tang W, Feng C, Tu XM. Inference for kappas for longitudinal study data: applications to sexual health research. Biometrics. 2008 Sep; 64(3):781-9.
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• Wan C, Lu Y, Tang W, Tu X, Zhang C, Li G, Shen L, Luo J. Development and validation of the system of quality of life instruments for cancer patients: lung cancer (QLICP-LU). Lung Cancer. 2008 Apr; 60(1):105-12.
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• Tu XM, Feng C, Kowalski J, Tang W, Wang H, Wan C, Ma Y. Correlation analysis for longitudinal data: applications to HIV and psychosocial research. Stat Med. 2007 Sep 30; 26(22):4116-38.
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• Cui X, Lyness JM, Tu X, King DA, Caine ED. Does depression precede or follow executive dysfunction? Outcomes in older primary care patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Aug; 164(8):1221-8.
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• Tu XM, Zhang J, Kowalski J, Shults J, Feng C, Sun W, Tang W. Power analyses for longitudinal study designs with missing data. Stat Med. 2007 Jul 10; 26(15):2958-81.
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• Nihalani ND, Tu X, Lamberti JS, Olson D, Olivares T, Costea GO, Tang W. Diabetic ketoacidosis among patients receiving clozapine: a case series and review of socio-demographic risk factors. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Apr-Jun; 19(2):105-12.
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• Spurling RD, Lamberti JS, Olsen D, Tu X, Tang W. Changes in metabolic parameters with switching to aripiprazole from another second-generation antipsychotic: a retrospective chart review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Mar; 68(3):406-9.
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• Wan C, Zhang C, Cai L, Tu X, Feng C, Luo J, Zhang X. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the FACT-L for measuring quality of life in patients with lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2007 Jun; 56(3):415-21.
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• Useda JD, Duberstein PR, Conner KR, Beckman A, Franus N, Tu X, Conwell Y. Personality differences in attempted suicide versus suicide in adults 50 years of age or older. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Feb; 75(1):126-33.
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• Wan C, Tang X, Tu XM, Feng C, Messing S, Meng Q, Zhang X. Psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-BR53 for measuring quality of life for breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Oct; 105(2):187-93.
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• Lyness JM, Kim J, Tang W, Tu X, Conwell Y, King DA, Caine ED. The clinical significance of subsyndromal depression in older primary care patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007 Mar; 15(3):214-23.
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• Gamble SA, Talbot NL, Conner KR, Tu X, Franus N, Beckman AM, Ma Y, Duberstein PR. Concordance about childhood sexual abuse among depressed patients 50 and over and their family and friends. Arch Suicide Res. 2007; 11(4):321-6.
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• Erlangsen A, Zarit SH, Tu X, Conwell Y. Suicide among older psychiatric inpatients: an evidence-based study of a high-risk group. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006 Sep; 14(9):734-41.
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• Lyness JM, Niculescu A, Tu X, Reynolds CF, Caine ED. The relationship of medical comorbidity and depression in older, primary care patients. Psychosomatics. 2006 Sep-Oct; 47(5):435-9.
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• Morrison-Beedy D, Carey MP, Tu X. Accuracy of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) and self-administered questionnaires for the assessment of sexual behavior. AIDS Behav. 2006 Sep; 10(5):541-52.
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• Marcus SM, Gorman JM, Tu X, Gibbons RD, Barlow DH, Woods SW, Katharine Shear M. Rater bias in a blinded randomized placebo-controlled psychiatry trial. Stat Med. 2006 Aug 30; 25(16):2762-70.
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• Tu XM, Kowalski J, Crits-Christoph P, Gallop R. Power analyses for correlations from clustered study designs. Stat Med. 2006 Aug 15; 25(15):2587-606.
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• Lamberti JS, Olson D, Crilly JF, Olivares T, Williams GC, Tu X, Tang W, Wiener K, Dvorin S, Dietz MB. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among patients receiving clozapine. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jul; 163(7):1273-6.
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• Gelfand LA, Strunk DR, Tu XM, Noble RE, Derubeis RJ. Bias resulting from the use of 'assay sensitivity' as an inclusion criterion for meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2006 Mar 30; 25(6):943-55.
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• Poleshuck EL, Giles DE, Tu X. Pain and depressive symptoms among financially disadvantaged women's health patients. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006 Mar; 15(2):182-93.
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• Perlis ML, Smith LJ, Lyness JM, Matteson SR, Pigeon WR, Jungquist CR, Tu X. Insomnia as a risk factor for onset of depression in the elderly. Behav Sleep Med. 2006; 4(2):104-13.
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• Talbot NL, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Ward EA, Gamble SA, Watts A, Tu X. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories: a pilot study in a community mental health center. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005 Dec; 193(12):847-50.
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• Mccall WV, Perlis ML, Tu X, Groman AE, Krystal A, Walsh JK. A comparison of placebo and no-treatment during a hypnotic clinical trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Aug; 43(8):355-9.
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• Lamberti JS, Costea GO, Olson D, Crilly JF, Maharaj K, Tu X, Groman A, Dietz MB, Bushey MP, Olivares T, Wiener K. Diabetes mellitus among outpatients receiving clozapine: prevalence and clinical-demographic correlates. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Jul; 66(7):900-6.
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• Qin C, Wang J, Wei Q, She M, Marasco WA, Jiang H, Tu X, Zhu H, Ren L, Gao H, Guo L, Huang L, Yang R, Cong Z, Guo L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Sun Y, Duan S, Qu J, Chen L, Tong W, Ruan L, Liu P, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu D, Liu Q, Hong T, He W. An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus. J Pathol. 2005 Jul; 206(3):251-9.
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• Privitera M, Weisman R, Cerulli C, Tu X, Groman A. Violence toward mental health staff and safety in the work environment. Occup Med (Lond). 2005 Sep; 55(6):480-6.
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• Poleshuck EL, Dworkin RH, Howard FM, Foster DC, Shields CG, Giles DE, Tu X. Contributions of physical and sexual abuse to women's experiences with chronic pelvic pain. J Reprod Med. 2005 Feb; 50(2):91-100.
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• Morrison-Beedy D, Carey MP, Kowalski J, Tu X. Group-based HIV risk reduction intervention for adolescent girls: evidence of feasibility and efficacy. Res Nurs Health. 2005 Feb; 28(1):3-15.
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• Foa EB, Liebowitz MR, Kozak MJ, Davies S, Campeas R, Franklin ME, Huppert JD, Kjernisted K, Rowan V, Schmidt AB, Simpson HB, Tu X. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Jan; 162(1):151-61.
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• Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004 Oct 27; 292(16):1969-76.
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• Talbot JA, Talbot NL, Tu X. Shame-proneness as a diathesis for dissociation in women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. J Trauma Stress. 2004 Oct; 17(5):445-8.
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• Tu XM, Kowalski J, Zhang J, Lynch KG, Crits-Christoph P. Power analyses for longitudinal trials and other clustered designs. Stat Med. 2004 Sep 30; 23(18):2799-815.
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• Hembree EA, Foa EB, Dorfan NM, Street GP, Kowalski J, Tu X. Do patients drop out prematurely from exposure therapy for PTSD? J Trauma Stress. 2003 Dec; 16(6):555-62.
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• Fu SS, Ma GX, Tu XM, Siu PT, Metlay JP. Cigarette smoking among Chinese Americans and the influence of linguistic acculturation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Dec; 5(6):803-11.
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• Crits-Christoph P, Gibbons MB, Barber JP, Gallop R, Beck AT, Mercer D, Tu X, Thase ME, Weiss RD, Frank A. Mediators of outcome of psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003 Oct; 71(5):918-25.
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• Kowalski J, Tu XM, Jia G, Perlis M, Frank E, Crits-Christoph P, Kupfer DJ. Generalized covariance-adjusted canonical correlation analysis with application to psychiatry. Stat Med. 2003 Feb 28; 22(4):595-610.
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• MacGregor RR, Ginsberg R, Ugen KE, Baine Y, Kang CU, Tu XM, Higgins T, Weiner DB, Boyer JD. T-cell responses induced in normal volunteers immunized with a DNA-based vaccine containing HIV-1 env and rev. AIDS. 2002 Nov 8; 16(16):2137-43.
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• Kowalski J, Tu XM, Jia G, Pagano M. A comparative meta-analysis on the variability in test performance among FDA-licensed enzyme immunosorbent assays for HIV antibody testing. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 May; 54(5):448-61.
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• Tu XM, Kowalski J, Jia G. Bayesian analysis of prevalence with covariates using simulation-based techniques: applications to HIV screening. Stat Med. 1999 Nov 30; 18(22):3059-73.
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• Peritt D, Sesok-Pizzini DA, Schretzenmair R, Macgregor RR, Valiante NM, Tu X, Trinchieri G, Kamoun M. C1.7 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is activation dependent: increased proportion of C1.7+CD8+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients with progressing disease. J Immunol. 1999 Jun 15; 162(12):7563-8.
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• Buysse DJ, Tu XM, Cherry CR, Begley AE, Kowalski J, Kupfer DJ, Frank E. Pretreatment REM sleep and subjective sleep quality distinguish depressed psychotherapy remitters and nonremitters. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Jan 15; 45(2):205-13.
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• Buysse DJ, Hall M, Tu XM, Land S, Houck PR, Cherry CR, Kupfer DJ, Frank E. Latent structure of EEG sleep variables in depressed and control subjects: descriptions and clinical correlates. Psychiatry Res. 1998 Jun 15; 79(2):105-22.
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• Zubenko GS, Mulsant BH, Sweet RA, Pasternak RE, Tu XM. Mortality of elderly patients with psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Oct; 154(10):1360-8.
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• Tu XM, Kowalski J, Randall J, Mendoza-Blanco J, Shear MK, Monk TH, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Generalized covariance-adjusted discriminants: perspective and application. Biometrics. 1997 Sep; 53(3):900-9.
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• Frank E, Hlastala S, Ritenour A, Houck P, Tu XM, Monk TH, Mallinger AG, Kupfer DJ. Inducing lifestyle regularity in recovering bipolar disorder patients: results from the maintenance therapies in bipolar disorder protocol. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Jun 15; 41(12):1165-73.
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• Riso LP, Thase ME, Howland RH, Friedman ES, Simons AD, Tu XM. A prospective test of criteria for response, remission, relapse, recovery, and recurrence in depressed patients treated with cognitive behavior therapy. J Affect Disord. 1997 Apr; 43(2):131-42.
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• Perlis ML, Giles DE, Buysse DJ, Tu X, Kupfer DJ. Self-reported sleep disturbance as a prodromal symptom in recurrent depression. J Affect Disord. 1997 Feb; 42(2-3):209-12.
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• Sherrill JT, Anderson B, Frank E, Reynolds CF, Tu XM, Patterson D, Ritenour A, Kupfer DJ. Is life stress more likely to provoke depressive episodes in women than in men? Depress Anxiety. 1997; 6(3):95-105.
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• Mendoza-Blanco JR, Tu XM, Iyengar S. Bayesian inference on prevalence using a missing-data approach with simulation-based techniques: applications to HIV screening. Stat Med. 1996 Oct 30; 15(20):2161-76.
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• Frank E, Tu XM, Anderson B, Reynolds CF, Karp JF, Mayo A, Ritenour A, Kupfer DJ. Effects of positive and negative life events on time to depression onset: an analysis of additivity and timing. Psychol Med. 1996 May; 26(3):613-24.
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• Pagano M, Tu XM, De Gruttola V, MaWhinney S. Regression analysis of censored and truncated data: estimating reporting-delay distributions and AIDS incidence from surveillance data. Biometrics. 1994 Dec; 50(4):1203-14.
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• De Gruttola V, Tu XM. Modelling progression of CD4-lymphocyte count and its relationship to survival time. Biometrics. 1994 Dec; 50(4):1003-14.
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• Tu XM, Litvak E, Pagano M. Studies of AIDS and HIV surveillance. Screening tests: can we get more by doing less? Stat Med. 1994 Oct 15-30; 13(19-20):1905-19.
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• Zubenko GS, Mulsant BH, Rifai AH, Sweet RA, Pasternak RE, Marino LJ, Tu XM. Impact of acute psychiatric inpatient treatment on major depression in late life and prediction of response. Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Jul; 151(7):987-94.
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• Shear MK, Randall J, Monk TH, Ritenour A, Tu X, Frank E, Reynolds C, Kupfer DJ. Social rhythm in anxiety disorder patients. Anxiety. 1994; 1(2):90-5.
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• Tu XM, Meng XL, Pagano M. Survival differences and trends in patients with AIDS in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993 Oct; 6(10):1150-6.
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• Tu XM, Litvak E, Pagano M. Issues in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening programs. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Jul 15; 136(2):244-55.
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