Craig Mullen
| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Pediatrics |
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| Address | University of Rochester Medical Center
School of Medicine and Dentistry
601 Elmwood Ave, Box 777
Rochester NY 14642
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | University of Rochester Medical Center |
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| Department | Cancer Center |
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| Title | Professor |
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| Institution | School of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Department | Microbiology and Immunology |
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| 1992 |
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| American Association of Cancer Research | Upjohn Travel Award | | 1999 |
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| Dean's Excellence Award | Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences | | 2002 |
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| Award for Second International Symposium on Minor Histocompatibility Antigens | International Congress of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics |
Dr. Mullen's research interests are: Cancer Immunobiology and Transplant Immunology.
The goal of Dr. Mullen's research is to use murine models of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation to identify immunological mechanisms that can be used to design therapies that will reduce the likelihood of leukemia relapse after allogeneic HCS transplant in children with leukemia. In allogeneic HSC transplant the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect is closely associated with GVHD and clinical attempts to separate the two have not been successful. In the absence of specific immune manipulation the dominant allogeneic immune response that develops after transplant is directed at immunodominant, widely distributed host antigens, and the post-transplant environment does not favor development of immune responses with relative selectively for antigens on minimal residual leukemia.
His laboratory has recently demonstrated that allogeneic HSC transplant recipients treated after transplant with cellular tumor vaccines exhibit prolonged survival but do not experience exacerbations of GVHD. The mechanism of this vaccine effect is under investigation. The central hypothesis in this work is that post-transplant tumor vaccines can enhance systemic immune responses that can control minimal residual leukemia without exacerbation of clinically significant graft versus host disease.
Active projects in the lab include the following:
1)Testing the hypothesis that after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation moderate affinity T cells specific for subdominant minor histocompatibility antigens can be activated by vaccines to exert antileukemia activity without GVHD.
2) Testing the hypothesis that allogeneic delayed lymphocyte infusion for acute lymphoblastic malignancies can be made more effective by simultaneous vaccination against leukemia associated antigens.
3) To identify the leukemia associated antigenic targets of T cells induced by post-transplant tumor vaccines and to determine if these empirically identified genes correlate with classes of genes predicted to be antigenic based on gene expression analysis.
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Mullen CA. "Good Enough" medicine: noninferiority clinical trials and the management of fever and neutropenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Sep; 59(3):415-6.
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Milner LA, Becker MW, Bernstein SH, Bruckner L, Friedberg JW, Holland GA, Ifthikharuddin JJ, Liesveld JL, Mathes EJ, Menchel HL, Mullen CA, Sasson T, Phillips GL. Intra-arterial methylprednisolone for the management of steroid-refractory acute gastrointestinal and hepatic graft versus host disease. Am J Hematol. 2011 Aug; 86(8):712-4.
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Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, Boeckh MJ, Ito JI, Mullen CA, Raad II, Rolston KV, Young JA, Wingard JR. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15; 52(4):e56-93.
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Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, Boeckh MJ, Ito JI, Mullen CA, Raad II, Rolston KV, Young JA, Wingard JR. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15; 52(4):427-31.
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Jansson J, Hsu YC, Kuzin II, Campbell A, Mullen CA. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells that survive combination chemotherapy in vivo remain sensitive to allogeneic immune effects. Leuk Res. 2011 Jun; 35(6):800-7.
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Mullen CA, Campbell A, Tkachenko O, Jansson J, Hsu YC. Evidence of B cell immune responses to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in murine allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients treated with donor lymphocyte infusion and/or vaccination. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2011 Feb; 17(2):226-38.
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Shand JC, Jansson J, Hsu YC, Campbell A, Mullen CA. Differential gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells surviving allogeneic transplant. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Nov; 59(11):1633-44.
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Narang S, Roy J, Stevens TP, Butler-O'Hara M, Mullen CA, D'Angio CT. Risk factors for umbilical venous catheter-associated thrombosis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Jan; 52(1):75-9.
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Young FM, Campbell A, Emo KL, Jansson J, Wang PY, Jordan CT, Mullen CA. High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with bcr-abl and INK4A/ARF mutations retain susceptibility to alloreactive T cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008 Jun; 14(6):622-30.
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Quezada G, Sunderland T, Chan KW, Rolston K, Mullen CA. Medical and non-medical barriers to outpatient treatment of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Mar; 48(3):273-7.
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Natzke AM, Shaw JL, McKeller MR, Emo KL, Mullen CA. Hematopoietic stem cell recipients do not develop post-transplantation immune tolerance to antigens present on minimal residual disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007 Jan; 13(1):34-45.
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Petropoulos D, Worth LL, Mullen CA, Lockhart S, Choroszy M, Chan KW. Interferon-alpha after autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep; 38(5):345-9.
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Petropoulos D, Worth LL, Mullen CA, Madden R, Mahajan A, Choroszy M, Ha CS, Champlin RC, Chan KW. Total body irradiation, fludarabine, melphalan, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for advanced pediatric hematologic malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Mar; 37(5):463-7.
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Kamana M, Escalante C, Mullen CA, Frisbee-Hume S, Rolston KV. Bacterial infections in low-risk, febrile neutropenic patients. Cancer. 2005 Jul 15; 104(2):422-6.
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Mori S, Kocak U, Shaw JL, Mullen CA. Augmentation of post transplant immunity: antigen encounter at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation enhances antigen-specific donor T-cell responses in the post transplant repertoire. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Apr; 35(8):793-801.
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Mundhada S, Shaw J, Mori S, Savary CA, Mullen CA. Cellular tumor vaccines administered after T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation induce effective anti-tumor immune responses. Leuk Lymphoma. 2005 Apr; 46(4):571-80.
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Tran H, Petropoulos D, Worth L, Mullen CA, Madden T, Andersson B, Choroszy M, Nguyen J, Webb SK, Chan KW. Pharmacokinetics and individualized dose adjustment of intravenous busulfan in children with advanced hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2004 Nov; 10(11):805-12.
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Mullen CA. Ciprofloxacin in treatment of fever and neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003 Dec; 22(12):1138-42.
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Gordon N, Mullen CA, Tran H, Worth L, Gomez Almaguer D, Chan KW. Fludarabine and once-daily intravenous busulfan for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for Chediak-Higashi syndrome. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003 Oct; 25(10):824-6.
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Mori S, El-Baki H, Mullen CA. Analysis of immunodominance among minor histocompatibility antigens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003 May; 31(10):865-75.
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Mullen CA, Abd El-Baki H, Samir H, Tarrand JJ, Rolston KV. Non-albicans Candida is the most common cause of candidemia in pediatric cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2003 May; 11(5):321-5.
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Worth LL, Mullen CA, Choroszy M, Koontz S, Chan K. Treatment of leukemia relapse with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) following unrelated umbilical cord blood transplant: Induction of graft-vs.-leukemia. Pediatr Transplant. 2002 Oct; 6(5):439-42.
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Farquhar D, Pan BF, Sakurai M, Ghosh A, Mullen CA, Nelson JA. Suicide gene therapy using E. coli beta-galactosidase. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2002 Jul; 50(1):65-70.
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Chan KW, Mullen CA, Worth LL, Choroszy M, Koontz S, Tran H, Slopis J. Lorazepam for seizure prophylaxis during high-dose busulfan administration. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002 Jun; 29(12):963-5.
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Mullen CA. Influence of tumor vaccines on graft versus tumor activity and graft versus host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002 Mar; 43(3):503-10.
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Koçak U, Rolston KV, Mullen CA. Fever and neutropenia in children with solid tumors is similar in severity and outcome to that in children with leukemia. Support Care Cancer. 2002 Jan; 10(1):58-64.
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Wang J, Shaw JL, Mullen CA. Down-regulation of antihost alloreactivity after bone marrow transplant permits relapse of hematological malignancy. Cancer Res. 2002 Jan 1; 62(1):208-12.
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Thompson JS, Bixler SA, Qian F, Vora K, Scott ML, Cachero TG, Hession C, Schneider P, Sizing ID, Mullen C, Strauch K, Zafari M, Benjamin CD, Tschopp J, Browning JL, Ambrose C. BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF. Science. 2001 Sep 14; 293(5537):2108-11.
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Baorto EP, Aquino VM, Mullen CA, Buchanan GR, DeBaun MR. Clinical parameters associated with low bacteremia risk in 1100 pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia. Cancer. 2001 Aug 15; 92(4):909-13.
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Everse LA, Anderson LD, van Rooijen N, Mullen CA. Bone marrow transplant conditioning intensified with liposomal clodronate to eliminate residual host antigen presenting cells fails to ameliorate GVHD and increases PERI-BMT mortality. Transplantation. 2001 Mar 15; 71(5):611-8.
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Mullen CA. Which children with fever and neutropenia can be safely treated as outpatients? Br J Haematol. 2001 Mar; 112(4):832-7.
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Rennert P, Schneider P, Cachero TG, Thompson J, Trabach L, Hertig S, Holler N, Qian F, Mullen C, Strauch K, Browning JL, Ambrose C, Tschopp J. A soluble form of B cell maturation antigen, a receptor for the tumor necrosis factor family member APRIL, inhibits tumor cell growth. J Exp Med. 2000 Dec 4; 192(11):1677-84.
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Mullen CA, Chan KW. Ethical considerations in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for children with slowly fatal conditions. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2000 Nov; 26(9):1030-1.
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Anderson LD, Mori S, Mann S, Savary CA, Mullen CA. Pretransplant tumor antigen-specific immunization of allogeneic bone marrow transplant donors enhances graft-versus-tumor activity without exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease. Cancer Res. 2000 Oct 15; 60(20):5797-802.
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Mullen CA, Thompson JN, Richard LA, Chan KW. Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation in infancy for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIB (Hunter syndrome) complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2000 May; 25(10):1093-7.
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Candotti F, Agbaria R, Mullen CA, Touraine R, Balzarini J, Johns DG, Blaese RM. Use of a herpes thymidine kinase/neomycin phosphotransferase chimeric gene for metabolic suicide gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2000 Apr; 7(4):574-80.
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Anderson LD, Savary CA, Mullen CA. Immunization of allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients with tumor cell vaccines enhances graft-versus-tumor activity without exacerbating graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 2000 Apr 1; 95(7):2426-33.
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Mullen CA, Nair J, Sandesh S, Chan KW. Fever and neutropenia in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2000 Jan; 25(1):59-65.
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Worth L, Tran H, Petropoulos D, Culbert S, Mullen C, Roberts W, Przepiorka D, Chan K. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for childhood myeloid malignancies after high-dose thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999 Nov; 24(9):947-52.
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Mullen CA, Petropoulos D, Roberts WM, Rytting M, Zipf T, Chan KW, Culbert SJ, Danielson M, Jeha SS, Kuttesch JF, Rolston KV. Outpatient treatment of fever and neutropenia for low risk pediatric cancer patients. Cancer. 1999 Jul 1; 86(1):126-34.
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Przepiorka D, Petropoulos D, Mullen CA, Danielson M, Mattewada V, Chan KW. Tacrolimus for prevention of graft-versus-host disease after mismatched unrelated donor cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999 Jun; 23(12):1291-5.
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Kuriyama S, Kikukawa M, Masui K, Okuda H, Nakatani T, Sakamoto T, Yoshiji H, Fukui H, Ikenaka K, Mullen CA, Tsujii T. Cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine gene therapy can induce efficient anti-tumor effects and protective immunity in immunocompetent mice but not in athymic nude mice. Int J Cancer. 1999 May 17; 81(4):592-7.
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Mullen CA, Petropoulos D, Roberts WM, Rytting M, Zipf T, Chan KW, Culbert SJ, Danielson M, Jeha SS, Kuttesch JF, Rolston KV. Economic and resource utilization analysis of outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in low-risk pediatric patients with cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1999 May-Jun; 21(3):212-8.
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Anderson LD, Petropoulos D, Everse LA, Mullen CA. Enhancement of graft-versus-tumor activity and graft-versus-host disease by pretransplant immunization of allogeneic bone marrow donors with a recipient-derived tumor cell vaccine. Cancer Res. 1999 Apr 1; 59(7):1525-30.
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Dunbar C, Chang L, Mullen C, Ramsey WJ, Carter C, Kohn D, Parkman R, Lenarsky C, Weinberg K, Wara D, Culver KW, Anderson WF, Leitman S, Fleisher T, Klein H, Shearer G, Clerici M, McGarrity G, Bastian J, Hershfield MS. Amendment to Clinical Research Project. Project 90-C-195. April 1, 1993. Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase deficiency with autologous lymphocytes transduced with a human ADA gene. Hum Gene Ther. 1999 Feb 10; 10(3):477-88.
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Ragheb JA, Couture L, Mullen C, Ridgway A, Morgan RA. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by Tat/Rev-regulated expression of cytosine deaminase, interferon alpha2, or diphtheria toxin compared with inhibition by transdominant Rev. Hum Gene Ther. 1999 Jan 1; 10(1):103-12.
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Mullen CA, Anderson L, Woods K, Nishino M, Petropoulos D. Ganciclovir chemoablation of herpes thymidine kinase suicide gene-modified tumors produces tumor necrosis and induces systemic immune responses. Hum Gene Ther. 1998 Sep 20; 9(14):2019-30.
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Mullen CA, Petropoulos D, Rytting M, Jeha S, Zipf T, Roberts WM, Rolston KV. Acute reversible arthropathy in a pediatric patient with cancer treated with a short course of ciprofloxacin for febrile neutropenia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1998 Sep-Oct; 20(5):516-7.
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Kuriyama S, Masui K, Sakamoto T, Nakatani T, Kikukawa M, Tsujinoue H, Mitoro A, Yamazaki M, Yoshiji H, Fukui H, Ikenaka K, Mullen CA, Tsujii T. Bystander effect caused by cytosine deaminase gene and 5-fluorocytosine in vitro is substantially mediated by generated 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer Res. 1998 Sep-Oct; 18(5A):3399-406.
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Su Y, Yamashita MM, Greasley SE, Mullen CA, Shim JH, Jennings PA, Benkovic SJ, Wilson IA. A pH-dependent stabilization of an active site loop observed from low and high pH crystal structures of mutant monomeric glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase at 1.8 to 1.9 A. J Mol Biol. 1998 Aug 21; 281(3):485-99.
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Chan KW, Mullen CA, Korbling M. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998 Aug; 22(3):301-2.
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Walker RE, Carter CS, Muul L, Natarajan V, Herpin BR, Leitman SF, Klein HG, Mullen CA, Metcalf JA, Baseler M, Falloon J, Davey RT, Kovacs JA, Polis MA, Masur H, Blaese RM, Lane HC. Peripheral expansion of pre-existing mature T cells is an important means of CD4+ T-cell regeneration HIV-infected adults. Nat Med. 1998 Jul; 4(7):852-6.
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Mullen CA, Jennings PA. A single mutation disrupts the pH-dependent dimerization of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase. J Mol Biol. 1998 Mar 6; 276(4):819-27.
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Mullen CA. Review: analogies between trophoblastic and malignant cells. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1998 Jan; 39(1):41-9.
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Ishii-Morita H, Agbaria R, Mullen CA, Hirano H, Koeplin DA, Ram Z, Oldfield EH, Johns DG, Blaese RM. Mechanism of 'bystander effect' killing in the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene therapy model of cancer treatment. Gene Ther. 1997 Mar; 4(3):244-51.
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Kumar A, Kang YH, Gowda K, Mullen CA, Gordon DM, Kumar S, Hoffman SL. Autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines stably transfected with Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein as targets in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assays. Immunol Lett. 1997 Mar; 55(3):183-7.
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Mullen CA, Jennings PA. Glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase undergoes pH-dependent dimerization. J Mol Biol. 1996 Oct 11; 262(5):746-55.
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Mullen CA. Strategies for success: preparing for the certification examination. J Perianesth Nurs. 1996 Oct; 11(5):324-9.
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Mullen CA, Snitzer K, Culver KW, Morgan RA, Anderson WF, Blaese RM. Molecular analysis of T lymphocyte-directed gene therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency: long-term expression in vivo of genes introduced with a retroviral vector. Hum Gene Ther. 1996 Jun 10; 7(9):1123-9.
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Mullen CA, Petropoulos D, Lowe RM. Treatment of microscopic pulmonary metastases with recombinant autologous tumor vaccine expressing interleukin 6 and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase suicide genes. Cancer Res. 1996 Mar 15; 56(6):1361-6.
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Mullen CA, Blaese RM. Gene therapy of cancer. Cancer Chemother Biol Response Modif. 1996; 16:285-94.
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Khil MS, Kim JH, Mullen CA, Kim SH, Freytag SO. Radiosensitization by 5-fluorocytosine of human colorectal carcinoma cells in culture transduced with cytosine deaminase gene. Clin Cancer Res. 1996 Jan; 2(1):53-7.
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Blaese RM, Culver KW, Miller AD, Carter CS, Fleisher T, Clerici M, Shearer G, Chang L, Chiang Y, Tolstoshev P, Greenblatt JJ, Rosenberg SA, Klein H, Berger M, Mullen CA, Ramsey WJ, Muul L, Morgan RA, Anderson WF. T lymphocyte-directed gene therapy for ADA- SCID: initial trial results after 4 years. Science. 1995 Oct 20; 270(5235):475-80.
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Ramsey WJ, Mullen CA, Blaese RM. Retrovirus mediated gene transfer as therapy for adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Leukemia. 1995 Oct; 9 Suppl 1:S70.
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Kohn DB, Weinberg KI, Nolta JA, Heiss LN, Lenarsky C, Crooks GM, Hanley ME, Annett G, Brooks JS, el-Khoureiy A, et al. Engraftment of gene-modified umbilical cord blood cells in neonates with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Nat Med. 1995 Oct; 1(10):1017-23.
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Fetzer SJ, Mullen C. The new certified ambulatory postanesthesia nurses: who are they? J Post Anesth Nurs. 1995 Aug; 10(4):211-5.
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Consalvo M, Mullen CA, Modesti A, Musiani P, Allione A, Cavallo F, Giovarelli M, Forni G. 5-Fluorocytosine-induced eradication of murine adenocarcinomas engineered to express the cytosine deaminase suicide gene requires host immune competence and leaves an efficient memory. J Immunol. 1995 May 15; 154(10):5302-12.
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Sullivan KE, Mullen CA, Blaese RM, Winkelstein JA. A multiinstitutional survey of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Pediatr. 1994 Dec; 125(6 Pt 1):876-85.
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Mullen CA. Metabolic suicide genes in gene therapy. Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Aug; 63(2):199-207.
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Couture LA, Mullen CA, Morgan RA. Retroviral vectors containing chimeric promoter/enhancer elements exhibit cell-type-specific gene expression. Hum Gene Ther. 1994 Jun; 5(6):667-77.
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Agbaria R, Mullen CA, Hartman NR, Cooney DA, Hao Z, Blaese RM, Johns DG. Effects of IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors on the phosphorylation of ganciclovir in MOLT-4 cells before and after herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transduction. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Apr; 45(4):777-82.
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Mullen CA, Coale MM, Lowe R, Blaese RM. Tumors expressing the cytosine deaminase suicide gene can be eliminated in vivo with 5-fluorocytosine and induce protective immunity to wild type tumor. Cancer Res. 1994 Mar 15; 54(6):1503-6.
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Mullen CA, Blaese RM. Gene therapy of cancer. Cancer Chemother Biol Response Modif. 1994; 15:176-89.
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Blaese RM, Ishii-Morita H, Mullen C, Ramsey J, Ram Z, Oldfield E, Culver K. In situ delivery of suicide genes for cancer treatment. Eur J Cancer. 1994; 30A(8):1190-3.
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Mullen CA, Anderson KD, Blaese RM. Splenectomy and/or bone marrow transplantation in the management of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: long-term follow-up of 62 cases. Blood. 1993 Nov 15; 82(10):2961-6.
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Blaese RM, Mullen CA, Ramsey WJ. Strategies for gene therapy. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1993 Oct; 41(8):672-6.
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Walker R, Blaese RM, Carter CS, Chang L, Klein H, Lane HC, Leitman SF, Mullen CA, Larson M. A study of the safety and survival of the adoptive transfer of genetically marked syngeneic lymphocytes in HIV-infected identical twins. Hum Gene Ther. 1993 Oct; 4(5):659-80.
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Blaese RM, Culver KW, Chang L, Anderson WF, Mullen C, Nienhuis A, Carter C, Dunbar C, Leitman S, Berger M, et al. Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase deficiency with CD34+ selected autologous peripheral blood cells transduced with a human ADA gene. Amendment to clinical research project, Project 90-C-195, January 10, 1992. Hum Gene Ther. 1993 Aug; 4(4):521-7.
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Mullen CA, Coale MM, Levy AT, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Liotta LA, Brandt S, Blaese RM. Fibrosarcoma cells transduced with the IL-6 gene exhibited reduced tumorigenicity, increased immunogenicity, and decreased metastatic potential. Cancer Res. 1992 Nov 1; 52(21):6020-4.
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Axt KJ, Mullen CA, Molliver ME. Cytopathologic features indicative of 5-hydroxytryptamine axon degeneration are observed in rat brain after administration of d- and l-methylenedioxyamphetamine. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 May 11; 648:244-7.
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Mullen CA, Kilstrup M, Blaese RM. Transfer of the bacterial gene for cytosine deaminase to mammalian cells confers lethal sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine: a negative selection system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 1; 89(1):33-7.
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Mamounas LA, Mullen CA, O'Hearn E, Molliver ME. Dual serotoninergic projections to forebrain in the rat: morphologically distinct 5-HT axon terminals exhibit differential vulnerability to neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives. J Comp Neurol. 1991 Dec 15; 314(3):558-86.
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Mullen CA, Buchanan GR. Early hospital discharge of children with cancer treated for fever and neutropenia: identification and management of the low-risk patient. J Clin Oncol. 1990 Dec; 8(12):1998-2004.
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Mullen CA, Rowley DA, Schreiber H. Highly immunogenic regressor tumor cells can prevent development of postsurgical tumor immunity. Cell Immunol. 1989 Mar; 119(1):101-13.
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Fritschy JM, Lyons WE, Mullen CA, Kosofsky BE, Molliver ME, Grzanna R. Distribution of locus coeruleus axons in the rat spinal cord: a combined anterograde transport and immunohistochemical study. Brain Res. 1987 Dec 22; 437(1):176-80.
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Abruzzo LV, Mullen CA, Rowley DA. Immunoregulation by natural killer cells. Cell Immunol. 1986 Apr 1; 98(2):266-78.
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Mullen CA, Urban JL, Van Waes C, Rowley DA, Schreiber H. Multiple cancers. Tumor burden permits the outgrowth of other cancers. J Exp Med. 1985 Nov 1; 162(5):1665-82.
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Mullen CA, Schreiber H. Tumor growth and evasion of immune destruction: UV-induced tumors as a model. Surv Immunol Res. 1985; 4(4):264-70.
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