Interventional Neuroradiology
Fellowship Requirements

Higashida RT, Hopkins LN, Berenstein A, Halbach VV, Kerber C: Program Requirements for residency/fellowship education in neuroendovascular
surgery/interventional neuroradiology: A special report on graduate medical Education. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1153–1159, June/July 2000.
   Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuroendovascular surgery/interventional neuroradiology is a relatively new subspecialty that has been evolving since the mid-1970s. During the past 2 decades, significant advances have been made in this field of minimally invasive therapy for the treatment of intracranial cerebral aneurysms; acute stroke therapy intervention; cerebral arteriovenous malformations; carotid cavernous sinus fistulas; head, neck, and spinal cord vascular lesions; and other complex cerebrovascular diseases. Advanced postresidency fellowship programs have now been established in North America, Europe, and Japan, specifically for training in this new subspecialty. METHODS: From 1986 to the present, an ad hoc committee of senior executive committee members from the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, the Joint Section of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery, and the American Society of Neuroradiology met to establish, by consensus, general guidelines for training physicians in this field. RESULTS: In April 1999, the Executive Committee of the Joint Section of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery voted unanimously to endorse these training standard guidelines. In May 1999, the Executive Committee of the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology and the American Society of Neuroradiology also unanimously voted to endorse these guidelines. In June 1999, the Executive Council of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons unanimously voted to endorse these guidelines. CONCLUSION: The following guidelines for residency/fellowship education have now been endorsed by the parent organization of both the interventional and diagnostic neuroradiology community, as well as both senior organizations representing neurosurgery in North America. These guidelines for training should be used as a reference and guide to any institution establishing a training program in neuroendov! ascular surgery/interventional neuroradiology.

Hopkins LN, Higashida RT, Piepgras DG. Perspectives on training standards in neuroendovascular therapeutics. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2000 Jan;11(1):187-90. Abstract: Endovascular surgical neuroradiology has become a discipline in its own right, supported by a substantial and growing body of knowledge. In recognition of its emergence as a new field of study and practice, representatives from the two most influential founding disciplines, neurosurgery and neuroradiology, have defined a set of training standards, which ensure that practitioners learn both the procedures and their theoretical foundations.

Johnston SC, Higashida RT, Barrow DL, Caplan LR, Dion JE, Hademenos G, Hopkins LN, Molyneux A, Rosenwasser RH, Vinuela F, Wilson CB; Committee on Cerebrovascular Imaging of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology. Recommendations for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Cerebrovascular Imaging of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology. Stroke 2002 Oct;33(10):2536-44.

Yousem DM, Trinh BC. Injection rates for neuroangiography: results of a survey. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001 Nov-Dec;22(10):1838-40
Comment in:
• AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001 Nov-Dec;22(10):1809-10.
• AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002 May;23(5):893; discussion 893-4.

Yousem DM. A clear and present danger? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001 Oct;22(9):1634-6.

Strother CM. Interventional neuroradiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000 Jan;21(1):19-24. Review.

Taylor W, Rodesch G. Interventional neuroradiology. BMJ. 1995 Sep 23;311(7008):789-92. Review.