Brain Degenerative/ Demyelination

Fetal

Pediatric and Congenital 

Brain Inflammation/ Infection

Head & Neck

Skull

Brain Tumor

Interventional

Spine

Brain Vascular

Maxillofacial

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

• Bilateral colobomas

• Cocaine induced vasculitis; infarcts

• Demyelinating lesion of medial longitudinal fasciculus

• Demyelination of the splenium of corpus callosum secondary to anti-epileptic drug

• Focal brain necrosis due to extravasation of methotrexate through blocked Ommaya reservoir

• Huntington’s disease

• Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS)

• Multiple sclerosis

• Multiple sclerosis

• Myotonic dystrophy type 1

• Neonatal hyperammonemic encephalopathy secondary to proximal urea cycle disorder

• Optic neuritis

• Pick's disease (biopsy proven)

• Rasmussen's encephalitis

• Status post-liver transplant and toxic encephalopathy

• Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system

• Tumefactive demyelinating lesion with features suggestive of Schilder's myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis

• Virchow Robin spaces (perivascular spaces)

• Wallerian degeneration

• Wernicke encephalopathy

• Widespread widening of perivascular spaces (Virchow-Robin spaces)

• Xanthogranuloma

• Acute cerebellitis

• Baló's concentric sclerosis

• Basal ganglia calcification

• Behcet’s syndrome (clinical diagnosis)

• Bell’s Palsy

• Brain abscess

• Brain abscesses: Patient 1: Pyogenic brain abscess; Patient 2: Tuberculomas of the brainstem; Patient 3: Fungal abscess

• Cervical spine neurosarcoidosis

• Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

• Cortical laminar necrosis

• Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

• Enhancing pachymeninges

• Fungal brain abscess

• Fungal septic emboli with lungs as the most likely source

• Herpes encephalitis

• HIV encephalopathy

• Inactive parenchymal neurocysticercosis

• Intracranial empyema (right frontal epidural and left subdural) and right orbital abscess secondary to paranasal sinusitis

• Intracranial tuberculomas

• Multicystic encephalomalacia secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis

• Neuro-Bechcet's disease (clinical diagnosis)

• Neurocysticercosis

• Neurosarcoidosis

• Neurosarcoidosis

• Osteomyelitis with abscess formation

• Pneumocephalus, iatrogenic following epidural placement

• Sarcoidosis with CNS involvement

• Subdural empyema

• Susac's syndrome

• Temporal lobe hypometabolism in interictal period in mesial temporal sclerosis

• Toxoplasmosis

• Toxoplasmosis, lymphoma

• Tuberculous meningitis with intraparenchymal tuberculomas

• Ventriculitis (ependymitis)

• Acoustic schwannoma with post radiation therapy central necrosis

• Acute left MCA stroke and glioblastoma multiforme in the left frontal lobe

• Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

• Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

• Adamantinous craniopharyngioma

• Arachnoid cyst of the lateral ventricle

• Atypical choroid plexus papilloma (WHO II)

• Atypical fibroblastic intraventricular meningioma

• Benign subependymal nodules

• Bilateral arachnoid cysts, left-sided polymicrogyria

• Brain metastases in ovarian cancer

• Calcified meningioma

• Carcinomatosis from breast cancer

• Cavernous angioma

• Cerebellar hemangioblastoma

• Cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma

• Chondrosarcoma of the skull base, extending to involve the left cerebral hemisphere

• Choroid plexus carcinoma

• Choroid plexus papilloma

• Clival meningioma

• Colloid cyst

• Corpus callosum lipoma with partial agenesis of corpus callosum

• Cowden’s Syndrome with Lhermitte-Duclos disease

• Craniopharyngioma

• Cutaneous manifestation of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

• Cystic meningioma

• Cystic pituitary microadenoma

• Dandy-Walker syndrome

• Dedifferentiated (sarcomatoid) chordoma

• Diffuse brainstem glioma

• Dysplastic infantile gangliocytoma

• Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithial Tumor (DNET)

• En plaque meningioma

• Ependymoma

• Epidermoid cyst

• Epidermoid tumor

• Fogging phenomenon on CT

• Ganglioglioma, left temporal lobe

• Glioblastoma multiforme, WHO grade IV

• Gliomatosis cerebri

• Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma)

• Hypothalamic hamartoma

• Hypothalamic hamartoma

• Hemorrhagic metastases

• Intracanalicular acoustic schwannoma

• Intracranial dural based MALT lymphoma

• Intradural metastases to spine and brain from metastatic melanoma

• Intraorbital meningioma (intracranial tumor)

• Intraventricular malignant melanoma, primary or secondary

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)

• Left trigeminal schwannoma

• Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis

• Leptomeningeal melanosis

• Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the meninges

• Meningoma

• Meningoma #2

• Metastatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

• Metastatic Ewing's sarcoma

• Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma that demonstrates restricted diffusion

• Metastatic lung cancer that demonstrates increased perfusion on MR Imaging

• Metastatic malignant melanoma

• Metastatic melanoma to the orbit

• Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma

• Metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma consistent with lung primary

• Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with intraventricular metastases

• Metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder to the brain

• Multifocal germinoma

• Multiple meningiomas, status post-radiation therapy

• Multiple myeloma

• Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)

• Neurofibromatosis type 2

• Olfactory groove meningioma

• Orbital tumor; adenocarcinoma of unknown primary with metastases elsewhere

• Papillary tumor of the pineal region

• Paracavernous chondrosarcoma

• Pilomyxoid astrocytoma

• Pineal cyst

• Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation

• Pineoblastoma with acute hydrocephalus

• Pituitary macroadenoma

• Pituitary macroadenoma with apoplexy

• Pituitary microadenoma, consistent with Nelson’s Syndrome

• Pituitary prolactinoma (macroadenoma)

• Porencephalic cyst

• Psammomatous meningioma

• Recurrent esthesioneuroblastoma

• Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme

• Recurrent glioblastoma with extracranial extension and leptomeningeal metastases

• Recurrent hydatid cyst in the brain

• Residual tumor and radiation necrosis

• Ruptured dermoid cyst

• Skull hemangioma

• Trigeminal schwannoma responding to radiosurgery

• Tuberous sclerosis

• Tuberous sclerosis and pilocytic astrocytoma

• Virchow-Robin space

• Von Hippel Lindau disease

• Acute and subacute subdural hematoma

• Acute basilar artery thrombosis

• Acute infarct on CT

• Acute left MCA stroke with successful intra-arterial recanalization

• An acute left MCA territory infarct

• Basilar artery fenestration

• Bilateral vertebral artery dissection

• Biopsy proven cavernous hemangioma

• Calcified aneurysm

• Capillary telangectasia

• Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: acute, subacute, and chronic macrohemorrhages

• Cerebral venous air embolism

• Combination of PRES (hypertensive encephalopathy) and intracranial hypotension

• Crossed cerebellar diaschisis

• Developmental venous anomalies (DVA)

• Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis

• Dot sign as an early indicator of MCA and ACA infarction

• Duplication of left middle cerebral artery

• Dural arteriovenous fistula

• Dural arteriovenous fistula 2

• Fibromuscular dysplasia

• Focal hyperperfusion in peri-ictal phase of seizure disorder presenting as acute stroke

• Germinal matrix hemorrhage

• Giant aneurysm

• Hypereosinophilic syndrome

• Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (day 8) and Multicystic encephalopathy (day 35)

• Insular ribbon sign - acute infarct of insular cortical-subcortical white matter

• Intracerebral hemorrhage from amyloid angiopathy

• Intraparenchymal hemorrhage in an 11-year-old female

• Isodense (subacute) parenchymal hematoma

• Left transverse sinus thrombosis extending into superior sagittal, sigmoid and jugular sinus

• Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage

• Middle cerebral artery fenestration

• Middle cerebral dense sign

• Multiple cerebral aneurysms

• Persistent trigeminal artery

• Persistent trigeminal artery

• Pituitary adenoma apoplexy

• PRES secondary to severe hypertension (hypertensive encephalopathy)

• Remote cerebellar hemorrhage

• Right temporal lobe seizure

• Ruptured atherosclerotic giant fusiform basilar artery aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage

• Ruptured MCA aneurysm

• Severe intracranial atherosclerosis

• Sinus pericranii

• Subacute infarct in a left MCA distribution

• Subacute ring-enhancing infarcts in the setting of luxury perfusion with areas of early cortical laminar necrosis

• Transverse sinus thrombosis

• Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia

• Wallenberg’s Syndrome (lateral medullary infarction) followed by herniation

• Wrap around artifact on MRI

• Alobar holoprosencephaly

• Cerebellar dysplasia/cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia of unknown cause

• Dorsal osseous dysraphism associated with lipomyelomeningocele and tethered cord

• Obstructive hydrocephalus, level of obstruction at aqueductal region

• Accessory parotid gland

• Accessory parotid gland

• Acute epiglottitis

• Acute suppurative thyroiditis with abscess of the left hemithyroid

• Bilateral congenital absence of oval windows with abnormal facial nerve canal

• Bilateral lens dislocation (bilateral ectopia lentis)

• Bilateral tympanostomy tubes in place with no evidence of serous otitis media

• Carotid body paraganglioma

• Carotidynia

• Cervical subcutaneous emphysema in association with a spontaneous pneumomediastinum

• Cholesteatoma

• Cleft palate

• Cochlear implant

• Coloboma

• Consistent with Sjogren’s syndrome involvement of the parotid glands

• Deep neck infection of odontogenic origin

• Dermoid tumor of the tongue

• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of mandible

• Duplicated foramen transversarium and presumed duplication of the vertebral arteries

• Eosinophilic granuloma, right orbit

• Esthesioneuroblastoma

• Extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma

• Facial venous vascular malformation treated with sclerotherapy

• Fibroblastic meningioma, biopsy proven

• Fibrous dysplasia

• Fibrous dysplasia of the frontal sinuses

• Globe rupture with choroidal detachment

• Grave's disease

• Hemangioma of left neck

• Hodgkin's disease

• Hyperostosis frontalis interna

• Idiopathic skull thickening

• Internal laryngocele

• Intraocular silicone tamponade for retinal detachment

• Inverted papilloma with postoperative recurrence

• Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the right tonsil

• Juvenile ossifying fibroma (pathology proven)

• Lacrimal gland lymphoma

• Lemierre’s disease

• Lingual (ectopic) thyroid gland

• Lipoma

• Lipoma

• Longitudinal fracture of the temporal bone with extension into the sphenoid bone

• Low grade acinic cell carcinoma

• Lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, B-cell origin

• Mastoiditis with intracranial abscess

• Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus presenting as a lytic skull lesion

• Metastatic disease to hypoglossal canal and clivus

• Metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma

• Microphthalmia and phthisis bulbi

• Mixed-cell malignant neoplasm

• Mixed laryngocele

• Multicentric Castleman's disease

• Multinodular goiter, caused by hyperthyroidism

• Nasopharyngeal branchial cyst

• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

• Nodular fasciitis of the right buccal space

• Normal post-carotid endarterectomy findings

• Old fracture and malunion of right temporomandibular joint and diffuse maxillary sinus disease bilaterally

• Ophthalmic herpes zoster infection with periorbital cellulitis and orbital emphysema

• Optic Nerve Drusen

• Paget disease

• Paget disease of bone

• Paget's disease of bone

• Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)

• Pansinusitis

• Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin’s tumor)

• Pathologically proven metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the right masticator space

• Persistent hypoglossal artery

• Pleomorphic adenoma - minor salivary gland-left parapharyngeal space

• Plexiform neurofibroma

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Ranula on the right side with left-sided intra-osseous cyst; radicular cyst

• Right carotid space paraganglioma, glomus vagale

• Right orbital retro-global mass: granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma)

• Right optic neuritis/pseudotumor

• Samter's syndrome

• Scalp cellular blue nevus (biopsy proven)

• Schwannoma of the 12th cranial nerve

• Sebaceous cysts of the scalp

• Sialoadenitis

• Skull metastatic disease

• Status post LeFort I osteotomy

• Subperiosteal abscess

• Temporalis muscle hypertrophy

• Thymic cyst

• Thyroglossal cyst

• Tornwaldt's cyst

• Traumatic posterior left lens dislocation

• Tuberculus lymphadenitis

• Tullio’s phenomenon

• Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx

• Unilateral vocal fold paralysis status post right medialization laryngoplasty with Gore-Tex stent placement

• Watson’s syndrome with a neurofibroma

• Bilateral percutaneous sacroplasty using CT fluoroscopy

• Canalicular disease of the left eye

• Cerebral aneurysms

• Dural AV Malformation (DAVM)

• Biopsy of foramen ovale lesion

• Post-vertebroplasty nerve decompression

• Right aortic arch with aberrant left SCA and left ductus arteriosus

• Wire basket retrieval of submandibular duct calculus

• Acute suppurative parotitis of the right parotid gland

• Bilateral mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia

• Bony ankylosis of left TM joint

• Caldwell-Luc procedure

• Canine tooth avulsion

• Chronic fungal sinusitis secondary to aspergilli

• Congenital arhinia

• CT cisternography

• Dentigerous cyst

• Erdheim Chester disease

• Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible

• Ewing's sarcoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses with secondary mucocele

• Fibrous dysplasia

• Fibrous dysplasia with predominant lucent area (cystic variety)

• Frontal mucocele

• Frontal sinus osteoma

• Impacted right maxillary canine

• Lacrimal gland cyst

• Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, eosinophilic granuloma

• Le Fort III fracture

• Le Fort III fracture (“craniofascial dysjunction”)

• Ludwig’s angina

• Mandibular fractures

• Mandibular metastasis from colonic adenocarcinoma

• Mixed LeFort I, II, and III fractures as well as mandibular fractures

• Motion artifact

• Mucocele of the right sphenoid sinus

• Nasopalatine duct cyst

• Orbital foreign body injury (saw)

• Orbital pseudotumor (biopsy)

• Osteoma centered at planum sphenoidale

• Plasmablastic lymphoma

• Posterior staphyloma

• Radicular (periapical) cyst

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

• Right submandibular stone

• Sialolithiasis in Wharton’s Duct removed with interventional radiologic techniques

• Sphenoid mucocele

• Stafne bone cyst

• Stenosis of Stenson’s duct; sialoadenitis

• Subcondylar fracture of the mandible

• Tonsilar calcification

• Torus mandibularis

• Torus palatinus

• Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis)

• Trigeminal neuralgia with an atrophic left trigeminal nerve

• Anomalous midline occipital suture

• Arnold-Chiari II malformation

• Band heterotopia

• Band heterotopia

• Birth Trauma: Patient 1: Subgaleal Hematoma and Patient 2: Cephalohematoma

• Bilateral absence of zygomatic arch in two siblings

• Bilateral congenital lens dislocations with colobomatous cysts after mycophenolate mofetil exposure in utero

• Caudal regression syndrome

• Cerebellar degeneration associated with CoQ 10 deficiency

• Chiari II malformation

• Congenital absence of the right internal carotid artery

• Congenital aural atresia

• Cranial imaging findings in autosomal recessive (malignant) osteopetrosis

• Congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis

• Congenital obstructive hydrocephalus

• Cortical dysplasia

• Craniosynostosis and scaphocephaly

• Craniosynostosis with premature closure of the right coronal suture

• Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in Leigh’s disease

• Dandy Walker variant

• Early enlarged parietal foramina

• Encephalocele

• External hydrocephalus

• External hydrocephalus

• Gorlin syndrome with multiple odontogenic keratocysts

• Hemangioma of the left parotid

• Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

• Infant skull depression fracture

• Joubert's Syndrome

• Klippel Trenaunay syndrome

• Lückenschãdel skull

• Lobar holoprosencephaly

• Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome

• McCune-Albright syndrome

• Mega cisterna magna

• Menkes' disease

• Middle interhemispheric holoprosencephaly

• Mondini Defect

• Mucopolysaccharidoses

• Myelomeningocele

• Neuroblastoma

• Neuroglial cyst

• Oropharyngeal teratoma

• Prominent external occipital protuberance

• Rhombencephalosynapsis

• Sanfilippo syndrome

• Schizencephaly

• Septo-optic dysplasia (DeMorsier's syndrome)

• Severe bilateral open lip schizencephaly

• Sturge-Weber syndrome with intraoccular hemangioma

• Subependymal (nodular) heterotopia

• Thyroglossal duct cyst

• Trigonocephaly

• Trigonocephaly

• Unilateral hydrocephalus due to obstruction of the foramen of Monro

• Vein of Galen malformation

• Vein of Galen malformation 2

• Calvarial metastasis from neuroblastoma with spiculated calcification

• Renal osteodystrophy

• Acute hyperflexion injury with marked anterior subluxation of C5-6, bifacetal dislocation, and cord compression

• Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome

• Acute transverse myelitis

• Aneurysmal unicameral bone cyst - spine

• Anterior epidural venous plexus enlargement

• Baastrup’s sign

• Basilar invagination

• Basilar invagination of dens

• Benign thoracic meningioma

• Biopsy proven neuroblastoma, schwannian stroma-poor, differentiating, very low MKI, consistent with favorable histology

• Camptocormia

• Canalicular disease of the left eye

• Caudal regression syndrome

• Caudal regression syndrome; Type II

• Cavernous hemangioma

• Cervical diastematomyelia (Pang type II split cord malformation)

• Cervical hemivertebra

• Cervical spinal canal meningioma

• Cervicomedullary compression due to narrow foramen magnum in achondroplasia

• Chondrosarcoma, low grade "1"

• Chordoma of C2 vertebra

• Chronic lumbar spondylodiscitis

• Congenital absence of the posterior arch of the atlas, with persistent posterior tubercle

• Craniocaudal distraction injury of the atlanto-axial articulation, with atlanto axial dislocation and type 1 dens fracture

• Cystic schwannoma

• Discitis L5/S1

• Distracted flexion injury C4-C5 with traumatic herniated disk and left C5 radiculopathy with focal cord contusion

• Epidural abscess

• Far lateral lumbar disc herniation

• Follicular lymphoma

• Free disk fragment (sequestered disk)

• Glioblastoma of medulla and upper cervical spinal cord

• Guillain-Barré syndrome

• Hangman's fracture (traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2)

• Idiopathic brachial neuritis - "Parsonage-Turner syndrome"

• Idiopathic cord herniation

• Intracranial neurenteric cyst

• Intradural extramedullary tumor - meningioma

• Intramedullary lipoma

• Intramedullary metastases from malignant melanoma to cervical spinal cord

• Intramedullary neuroenteric cyst

• Intramedullary spinal cord tumor: pilocytic astrocytoma

• Jumped facet (at C6-C7) and fracture (C6 facet)

• L5-S1 disc extrusion spontaneous disappearance without surgery

• Left unilateral locked facet with right perched facet

• Leptomeningeal involvement of leukemia

• Leptomeningeal metastases

• Lipoma of the filum terminale (fatty filum)

• Lipoblastoma

• Malignant glioneuronal tumor of the cervical spine

• Marfan syndrome

• Multiple myeloma

• Multiple sclerosis of cord

• Myositis ossificans circumscripta (pseudomalignant myositis ossificans)

• Myositis ossificans of the erector spinae muscle

• Non-fused posterior arch of the atlas

• Old midline fracture of the C1 ring

• Ossiculum terminale

• Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament

• Osteoid osteoma

• Osteomyelitis with epidural abscess

• Pannus at C2

• Pannus at cervicocranial junction

• Pathology proven metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma to L2

• Plasmacytoma

• Plasmacytoma

• Postlaminectomy pseudomeningocele, with nerve root herniation

• Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the L1 vertebral body

• Pseudomeningocele from traumatic cervical root avulsion

• Pseudomeningocele related headache successfully treated by epidural blood patch placement under computed tomography guidance

• Rotatory subluxation of C1 on C2

• Sacral neurofibroma

• Sacral perineural cyst

• Sacrococcygeal chordoma

• Secondary hemochromatosis due to iron overload by repeated blood transfusions

• Solitary fibrous tumor of the spine

• Spinal cord tumor biopsy: pilocytic astrocytoma, WHO  grade I

• Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVFs)

• Spinal ependymoma (myxopapillary ependymoma)

• Spinal epidural hematoma

• Spontaneous epidural abscess in a child

• Spontaneous spinal cord herniation

• Stress fracture of pars

• Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

• Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord caused by nitrous oxide

• Synovial/ganglion cyst

• Tarlov cyst

• Tarlov's (perineural root sleeve) cyst

• Transverse myelitis with spinal cord atrophy

• Tuberculosis of the craniocervical junction

• Tuberculous spondylitis, Pott's disease

• Unstable Grade II anterolisthesis of L5 on S1 with bilateral spondylolysis of L5

• Ventriculus terminalis

• Vertebral body hemangioma with epidural component

• Vertebral body hemangiomas

• Vertebral compression fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta

• Vertebral hemangioma with extraosseous extension

• Atlantoccipital dislocation

• Atlanto-occipital distraction

• Bilateral epidural hematomas

• Bilateral locked facets at C7/T1 with associated C7 spinous process fracture, anterolisthesis, and cord compression

• Bilateral isodense subdural hematomas

• Bilateral subdural calcifications

• Bird shots injury

• Blowout fracture of the medial wall of right orbit

• Cerebral fat embolism (CFE)

• C7 burst fracture with cord compression and associated small epidural hematoma

• Clivus fracture

• Delayed epidural hematoma

• Epidural hematoma

• Extension tear drop fracture

• Left-sided tripod fracture

• Maxillary buccal boneplate fracture

• Non-accidental head injury (child abuse)

• Oblique petrous temporal bone fracture

• Odontoid fracture type II

• Orbital blow-out fractures

• Orbital floor reconstruction with mesh

• Pneumomediastinum

• Pseudoaneurysm of the posterior circumflex artery of the arm in the quadrilateral space with axial nerve compression

• Scalp hematoma

• Subdural hematoma that is visualized after contrast

• Transverse fracture of the temporal bone

• Transverse temporal bone fracture

• Type III odontoid fracture