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Bronstein, AC, Russell, FE, Sullivan, Egen, NB.: Negative pressure suction in field treatment of rattlesnake bite (abstract). Vet Human Toxicology 1985;28:297.
Clark, RF, Wethern-Kestner S., Vance MV, Gerkin R: Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: A review of 163 cases. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:782-787.
Clark, RF, Selden, BS, Furbee B.: The incidence of wound infection following crotalid envenomation. J Emerg Med 1993;11(5):583-586.
Curry, SC, Kraner, JC, Kunkel DB, Ryan, PJ, Vance, MV, Requa, RK, Ruggeri, SB.: Noninvasive vascular studies in management of rattlesnake envenomations to extremities. Ann Emerg Med 1985;14(11)1081-1084.
Davidson, TM & Schafer, SF: Rattlesnake bites. Guidelines for aggressive treatment. Postgrad Med 1994;96(1):107-14.
Gaar, GG.: Assessment and management of coral and other exotic snake envenomations. J Fla Med Assoc 1996;83(3):178-82.
Kitchens, CS.: Treatment of Pit Viper Envenomation. J Fla Med Assoc 1996;83(3):174-177.
Kitchens, CS & van Mierop LHS.: Envenomation by the Eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) a study of 39 victims. JAMA 1987;258:1615-1618.
Litovitz, TL, Klein-Schwartz, W., Dyer, KS, Shannon, M., Lee, S., Powers, M.: 1997 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16(5):443-97.
Moss, HS & Binder, LS.: A retrospective review of black widow spider envenomation. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16:188-191.
Moss, ST, Bogdan, G., Dart, RC, Nordt, SP, Williams, SR, Clark, RF.: Association of rattlesnake bite location with severity of clinical manifestations. Ann Emerg Med 1997;30(1):58-61.
Norris, RL & Dart, RC.: Apparent coral snake envenomation in a patient without visible fang marks. Am J Emerg Med 1989;7:402-405.
Wasserman, G.: Wound care of spider and
snake envenomations. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:1331-1335.