URMC / Encyclopedia / Content Search Encyclopedia Topic Index - Growth and Development Growth and Development Home The Growing Child The Growing Child: Newborn The Growing Child: 1 to 3 Months The Growing Child: 4 to 6 Months The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months The Growing Child: 10 to 12 Months The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds The Growing Child: Preschool (4 to 5 Years) The Growing Child: School-Age (6 to 12 Years) The Growing Child: Adolescent (13 to 18 Years) Health Maintenance Play Stages of Play Infant Play Toddler Play Preschool Play Dental Health Anatomy and Development of the Mouth and Teeth Prevention of Oral Problems Dental Health Overview Brushing and Toothpaste Flossing Fluoride Mouthguards Common Dental Problems and Concerns Thumb Sucking Tooth Decay (Caries or Cavities) Teething Dental Procedures Orthodontics / Braces Fillings Sealants Sleep Healthy Sleep Habits Infant Sleep Nightmares and Night Terrors Television and Children Healthy Lifestyles Exercise Healthy Diets Overview Discipline General Principles of Discipline Time-Out Temper Tantrums Lying and Stealing Immunizations Overview of Immunizations Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Polio (IPV) Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Hepatitis B (HBV) Varicella (Chickenpox) Pneumococcus Nutrition Infant Nutrition Feeding Guide for the First Year Failure to Thrive Toddler Nutrition Preschooler Nutrition School-Aged Child Nutrition Adolescent Nutrition Hearing, Speech, and Language Age-Appropriate Hearing Milestones Signs of Problems in Speech, Language, and Hearing Development Hearing Loss Hearing Loss in Babies Types of Hearing Tests for Infants and Children Language Disorders in Children Fluency Disorders Voice Disorders Speech Sound Disorders in Children Vision Types of Visual Screening Tests for Infants and Children Problems With Vision Health Promotion and Common Problems Infant Crying Diapers / Diaper Rash Fever in a Newborn Measuring a Baby's Temperature Gastrointestinal Problems Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap) Toddler Constipation Diarrhea Separation Anxiety Temper Tantrums Toilet-Training Preschool (4 to 5 Years) Biting Encopresis (Holding Bowel Movements) Stuttering Thumb Sucking School-Age (6 to 12 Years) Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autistic Disorder Learning Disorders School Refusal Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) Scoliosis Kyphosis Adolescent (13 to 18 Years) Female Growth and Development Puberty: Adolescent Female Breast Health Anatomy of the Breasts Normal Breast Development Breast Conditions Breast Self-Examination Gynecological Health Menstrual Cycle: An Overview Menstrual Disorders Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Gynecological Infections Recognizing Urologic or Gynecologic Problems Pap Test Vaginitis Vulvitis Male Growth and Development Puberty: Adolescent Male Overview of the Male Anatomy Physical Examination: Adolescent Male Care of the Uncircumcised Penis Sexually Transmitted Diseases Safer Sex Guidelines Acne in Children Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Mood Disorders Overview of Mood Disorders Dysthymia