| Stress-induced modulation of immunity.
The Mechanisms--from both the neural and immunological perspective--involed
in stress-induced alteration of immune function are being studied.
The immune system is regulated in part by the central nervous
system (CNS), acting principally via the hypothalamo-pituitary
adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Much
of this research concentrates on cytokine production and the
separate functions of the two mature substrates of the T helper
cells, Th1 and Th2, in the cytokine and effector responses to
protein antigen and infectious challenges. A number of different
psychosocial paradigms have been established to perturb immune
function. However, it would appear to be the case that stressors
impact immune function via a number of neural or neuroendocrine
pathways. Our research is focuesed on understanding the role
of endogenous hormones such as lucocorticoids and opioids on
immunity.
Sypathetic nervous system (SNS) modulation of immunity.
The role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of
immunity is examined in mice that are chemically-denervated
by injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).
This results in a strain-dependant elevation of Th1 and Th2
cytokines and antibody titers. Denervation also results in
a robust, but transient, expression of central Fos protein
and corticotrophin releasing hormone, as well as an elevation
in corticosterone levels in denervated mice. The interrelationships
of this HPA axis activation, loss of peripheral sympathetics,
and altered immune function is being explored.
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Moynihan J, Kruszewska B, Madden K, Callahan T.
Sympathetic nervous system regulation of immunity.
J Neuroimmunol. 147:87-90, 2004.
Kelley SP, Moynihan JA, Stevens SY, Grota LJ, Felten DL.
Sympathetic nerve destruction in spleen in murine AIDS.
Brain Behav Immun. 17:94-109, 2003.
Moynihan JA.
Mechanisms of stress-induced modulation of immunity.
Brain Behav Immun. 17 Suppl 1:S11-6, 2003.
Kelley SP, Moynihan JA, Stevens SY, Grota LJ, Felten DL.
Chemical sympathectomy has no effect on the severity of murine AIDS: murine AIDS alone depletes norepinephrine levels in infected spleen.
Brain Behav Immun. 16:118-39, 2002.
Rice PA, Boehm GW, Moynihan JA, Bellinger DL, Stevens SY.
Chemical sympathectomy alters numbers of splenic and peritoneal leukocytes.
Brain Behav Immun. 16:62-73, 2002.
Callahan TA, Moynihan JA.
The effects of chemical sympathectomy on T-cell cytokine responses are not mediated by altered peritoneal exudate cell function or an inflammatory response.
Brain Behav Immun. 16:33-45, 2002.
Kohut ML, Boehm GW, Moynihan JA. Moderate exercise is associated with enhanced
antigen-specific cytokine, but not IgM antibody production in aged mice. Mech
Ageing Dev. 122:1135-50, 2001.
Larson MR, Ader R, Moynihan JA. Heart rate, neuroendocrine, and immunological
reactivity in response to an acute laboratory stressor. Psychosom Med.
63:493-501, 2001.
Rice PA, Boehm GW, Moynihan JA, Bellinger DL, Stevens SY.
Chemical sympathectomy increases the innate immune response and decreases the
specific immune response in the spleen to infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
J Neuroimmunol 114:19-27, 2001.
Larson MR, Duberstein PR, Talbot NL, Caldwell C, Moynihan JA. A presurgical
psychosocial intervention for breast cancer patients. psychological distress
and the immune response. J Psychosom Res. 48:187-94, 2000.
Moynihan JA, Karp JD, Cohen N, Ader R. Immune deviation following stress odor
exposure: role of endogenous opioids. J Neuroimmunol. 102:145-53, 2000.
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