When there are abnormalities in the shape and position of the bones in the hip joint, the weight bearing portions are overloaded, increasing the amount of wear and tear on the cartilage surfaces. Making cuts in one or more of the bones to realign or reshape them will improve the position of the hip joint. Osteotomy procedures are designed to reduce pain, instability and delay- or even eliminate- the need for a hip replacement.
When the acetabulum (socket) is the cause of the unfavorable joint position (such as in acetabular dysplasia), a pelvic osteotomy can be performed. The most powerful pelvic osteotomy currently available is the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). When the abnormality is in the femur (thigh bone), a femoral osteotomy may be used.
Cuts are made into the acetabulum, so it can be rotated and repositioned in a position that deepens the socket. It is then secured with screws to stabilize the bones in a better position. The socket is then better able to cover the ball and stabilize the joint. This procedure is designed to disperse the stresses of weight bearing across a broader and more balanced surface.
The femur is cut and re-positioned at an angle that will improve force distribution and prevent accelerated wear of the cartilage in the joint.
