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Richard E. Waugh, Ph.D.

Richard E. Waugh, Ph.D.

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Office (585) 275-3768

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About Me

Faculty Appointments

Professor Emeritus - Department of Biomedical Engineering (SMD)

Credentials

Education

PhD | Duke University. Bioengineering. 1977

BS | University of Notre Dame. Engineering, All Other. 1973

Research

In our laboratory we study the mechanical properties of cells and the mechanochemistry of cell adhesion. We are particularly interested in learning about the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of cell deformability and cell adhesion, and the role that mechanical forces and membrane stabilit...
In our laboratory we study the mechanical properties of cells and the mechanochemistry of cell adhesion. We are particularly interested in learning about the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of cell deformability and cell adhesion, and the role that mechanical forces and membrane stability play in both the formation and separation of adhesive contacts. Our fundamental approach is to perform mechanical measurements on individual cells or cell pairs to measure response of cells to applied forces or the probability of cell adhesion under controlled conditions. Our main focus is the study of cells in the peripheral vasculature. The deformability of circulating cells and adhesive interactions between cells in the vasculature has relevance to diverse aspects of human physiology ranging from oxygen delivery and hemolytic anemia, to atherosclerosis or immune response and inflammation. Historically, our lab has been one of the leading facilities for investigating red blood cell mechanical properties and the stability of biological membranes. More recently we have begun to examine the physical mechanisms underlying neutrophil adhesion to endothelium, a key event in the body's response to infection or injury. Another area of interest is in the late stage maturation of red blood cells. We have observed changes in the mechanical properties that occur as red cells develop and mature. We are working on developing methods to observe the maturation of red cells in culture so that we can follow the maturation process in the laboratory. By correlating changes in mechanical stability with the appearance and assembly of cytoskeletal proteins we can deduce which molecules and what interactions are important for developing proper mechanical function. Maintaining mechanical stability appears to be critical for the successful completion of red blood cell maturation, as it appears that instabilities in the cell surface lead to loss of cell membrane and cell death if the membranes are not properly supported mechanically as they mature.

Publications

Journal Articles

Sided Stimulation of Endothelial Cells Modulates Neutrophil Trafficking in an In Vitro Sepsis Model.

Ahmad SD, Linares I, Pietropaoli A, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Advanced healthcare materials.. 2024 August 13 (21):e2304338. Epub 04/08/2024.

Pericytes Enrich the Basement Membrane and Reduce Neutrophil Transmigration in an In Vitro Model of Peripheral Inflammation at the Blood-Brain Barrier.

McCloskey MC, Ahmad SD, Widom LP, Kasap P, Gastfriend BD, Shusta EV, Palecek SP, Engelhardt B, Gaborski TR, Flax J, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Biomaterials research.. 2024 28 :0081. Epub 10/03/2024.

ST3GAL1 and ?II-spectrin pathways control CAR T cell migration to target tumors.

Hong Y, Walling BL, Kim HR, Serratelli WS, Lozada JR, Sailer CJ, Amitrano AM, Lim K, Mongre RK, Kim KD, Capece T, Lomakina EB, Reilly NS, Vo K, Gerber SA, Fan TC, Yu AL, Oakes PW, Waugh RE, Jun CD, Reagan PM, Kim M

Nature immunology.. 2023 June 24 (6):1007-1019. Epub 04/17/2023.

Classification of Functional Movement Disorders with Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Waugh RE, Parker JA, Hallett M, Horovitz SG

Brain connectivity.. 2023 February 13 (1):4-14. Epub 06/16/2022.

A computer vision approach for analyzing label free leukocyte trafficking dynamics on a microvascular mimetic.

Ahmad SD, Cetin M, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Frontiers in immunology.. 2023 14 :1140395. Epub 03/24/2023.

Activation effects on the physical characteristics of T lymphocytes.

Waugh RE, Lomakina E, Amitrano A, Kim M

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology.. 2023 11 :1175570. Epub 05/15/2023.

The Modular µSiM Reconfigured: Integration of Microfluidic Capabilities to Study In Vitro Barrier Tissue Models under Flow.

Mansouri M, Ahmed A, Ahmad SD, McCloskey MC, Joshi IM, Gaborski TR, Waugh RE, McGrath JL, Day SW, Abhyankar VV

Advanced healthcare materials.. 2022 November 11 (21):e2200802. Epub 08/21/2022.

The Modular µSiM: A Mass Produced, Rapidly Assembled, and Reconfigurable Platform for the Study of Barrier Tissue Models In Vitro.

McCloskey MC, Kasap P, Ahmad SD, Su SH, Chen K, Mansouri M, Ramesh N, Nishihara H, Belyaev Y, Abhyankar VV, Begolo S, Singer BH, Webb KF, Kurabayashi K, Flax J, Waugh RE, Engelhardt B, McGrath JL

Advanced healthcare materials.. 2022 September 11 (18):e2200804. Epub 08/15/2022.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous barrier responses of two primary endothelial cell types to sphingosine-1-phosphate.

Salminen AT, McCloskey MC, Ahmad SD, Romanick SS, Chen K, Houlihan W, Klaczko ME, Flax J, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

European journal of cell biology.. 2022 101 (3):151233. Epub 05/11/2022.

Longitudinal changes in network homogeneity in presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers.

Waugh RE, Danielian LE, Shoukry RFS, Floeter MK

Neurobiology of aging.. 2021 March 99 :1-10. Epub 12/08/2020.

Changes in endothelial glycocalyx layer protective ability after inflammatory stimulus.

Delgadillo LF, Lomakina EB, Kuebel J, Waugh RE

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.. 2021 February 1320 (2):C216-C224. Epub 12/16/2020.

Optical Control of CD8 T Cell Metabolism and Effector Functions.

Amitrano AM, Berry BJ, Lim K, Kim KD, Waugh RE, Wojtovich AP, Kim M

Frontiers in immunology.. 2021 12 :666231. Epub 06/03/2021.

Development of Mechanical Stability in Late-Stage Embryonic Erythroid Cells: Insights From Fluorescence Imaged Micro-Deformation Studies.

Delgadillo LF, Huang YS, Leon S, Palis J, Waugh RE

Frontiers in physiology.. 2021 12 :761936. Epub 01/10/2022.

Constitutive Model of Erythrocyte Membranes with Distributions of Spectrin Orientations and Lengths.

Feng Z, Waugh RE, Peng Z

Biophysical journal.. 2020 December 1119 (11):2190-2204. Epub 10/30/2020.

Endothelial cell apicobasal polarity coordinates distinct responses to luminally versus abluminally delivered TNF-? in a microvascular mimetic.

Salminen AT, Tithof J, Izhiman Y, Masters EA, McCloskey MC, Gaborski TR, Kelley DH, Pietropaoli AP, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro.. 2020 November 1812 (11):275-289. Epub 1900 01 01.

Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer Properties and Its Ability to Limit Leukocyte Adhesion.

Delgadillo LF, Marsh GA, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2020 April 7118 (7):1564-1575. Epub 02/15/2020.

Microvascular Mimetics for the Study of Leukocyte-Endothelial Interactions.

Khire TS, Salminen AT, Swamy H, Lucas KS, McCloskey MC, Ajalik RE, Chung HH, Gaborski TR, Waugh RE, Glading AJ, McGrath JL

Cellular and molecular bioengineering.. 2020 April 13 (2):125-139. Epub 01/31/2020.

Ultrathin Dual-Scale Nano- and Microporous Membranes for Vascular Transmigration Models.

Salminen AT, Zhang J, Madejski GR, Khire TS, Waugh RE, McGrath JL, Gaborski TR

Small.. 2019 February 15 (6):e1804111. Epub 01/11/2019.

Finite element modeling to analyze TEER values across silicon nanomembranes.

Khire TS, Nehilla BJ, Getpreecharsawas J, Gracheva ME, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Biomedical microdevices.. 2018 January 520 (1):11. Epub 01/05/2018.

The 2017 Young Innovators of Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering.

King MR, Panitch A, Waugh RE

Cellular and molecular bioengineering.. 2017 October 10 (5):339-340. Epub 09/07/2017.

Circulating primitive erythroblasts establish a functional, protein 4.1R-dependent cytoskeletal network prior to enucleating.

Huang YS, Delgadillo LF, Cyr KH, Kingsley PD, An X, McGrath KE, Mohandas N, Conboy JG, Waugh RE, Wan J, Palis J

Scientific reports.. 2017 July 127 (1):5164. Epub 07/12/2017.

Nanoscale physicochemical properties of chain- and step-growth polymerized PEG hydrogels affect cell-material interactions.

Vats K, Marsh G, Harding K, Zampetakis I, Waugh RE, Benoit DS

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.. 2017 April 105 (4):1112-1122. Epub 02/02/2017.

A novel strain energy relationship for red blood cell membrane skeleton based on spectrin stiffness and its application to micropipette deformation.

Svetina S, Kokot G, Kebe TŠ, Žekš B, Waugh RE

Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.. 2016 June 15 (3):745-58. Epub 09/16/2015.

A simple approach for bioactive surface calibration using evanescent waves.

Marsh G, Waugh RE

Journal of microscopy.. 2016 June 262 (3):245-51. Epub 12/21/2015.

Halloysite Nanotube Coatings Suppress Leukocyte Spreading.

Hughes AD, Marsh G, Waugh RE, Foster DG, King MR

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.. 2015 December 2231 (50):13553-60. Epub 12/09/2015.

Piezo1 regulates mechanotransductive release of ATP from human RBCs.

Cinar E, Zhou S, DeCourcey J, Wang Y, Waugh RE, Wan J

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 2015 September 22112 (38):11783-8. Epub 09/08/2015.

Immobilized IL-8 Triggers Phagocytosis and Dynamic Changes in Membrane Microtopology in Human Neutrophils.

Beste MT, Lomakina EB, Hammer DA, Waugh RE

Annals of biomedical engineering.. 2015 September 43 (9):2207-19. Epub 01/13/2015.

Bmi-1 Regulates Extensive Erythroid Self-Renewal.

Kim AR, Olsen JL, England SJ, Huang YS, Fegan KH, Delgadillo LF, McGrath KE, Kingsley PD, Waugh RE, Palis J

Stem cell reports.. 2015 June 94 (6):995-1003. Epub 05/28/2015.

Cell surface topography is a regulator of molecular interactions during chemokine-induced neutrophil spreading.

Lomakina EB, Marsh G, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2014 September 16107 (6):1302-12. Epub 1900 01 01.

Highly permeable silicon membranes for shear free chemotaxis and rapid cell labeling.

Chung HH, Chan CK, Khire TS, Marsh GA, Clark A, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Lab on a chip.. 2014 July 2114 (14):2456-68. Epub 1900 01 01.

Forty-percent area strain in red cell membranes?-Doubtful.

Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2014 April 15106 (8):1834-5. Epub 1900 01 01.

T cell receptor signaling can directly enhance the avidity of CD28 ligand binding.

Sanchez-Lockhart M, Rojas AV, Fettis MM, Bauserman R, Higa TR, Miao H, Waugh RE, Miller J

PloS one.. 2014 9 (2):e89263. Epub 02/24/2014.

Dynamics of adhesion molecule domains on neutrophil membranes: surfing the dynamic cell topography.

Gaborski TR, Sealander MN, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

European biophysics journal : EBJ.. 2013 December 42 (11-12):851-5. Epub 10/10/2013.

Development of membrane mechanical function during terminal stages of primitive erythropoiesis in mice.

Waugh RE, Huang YS, Arif BJ, Bauserman R, Palis J

Experimental hematology.. 2013 April 41 (4):398-408.e2. Epub 11/30/2012.

Quantifying the mechanical properties of the endothelial glycocalyx with atomic force microscopy.

Marsh G, Waugh RE

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.. 2013 February 21 (72):e50163. Epub 02/21/2013.

Uropod elongation is a common final step in leukocyte extravasation through inflamed vessels.

Hyun YM, Sumagin R, Sarangi PP, Lomakina E, Overstreet MG, Baker CM, Fowell DJ, Waugh RE, Sarelius IH, Kim M

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 2012 July 2209 (7):1349-62. Epub 06/18/2012.

Opposing roles for RhoH GTPase during T-cell migration and activation.

Baker CM, Comrie WA, Hyun YM, Chung HL, Fedorchuk CA, Lim K, Brakebusch C, McGrath JL, Waugh RE, Meier-Schellersheim M, Kim M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 2012 June 26109 (26):10474-9. Epub 06/11/2012.

Role of glucosyltransferase B in interactions of Candida albicans with Streptococcus mutans and with an experimental pellicle on hydroxyapatite surfaces.

Gregoire S, Xiao J, Silva BB, Gonzalez I, Agidi PS, Klein MI, Ambatipudi KS, Rosalen PL, Bauserman R, Waugh RE, Koo H

Applied and environmental microbiology.. 2011 September 77 (18):6357-67. Epub 07/29/2011.

LFA-1 and Mac-1 define characteristically different intralumenal crawling and emigration patterns for monocytes and neutrophils in situ.

Sumagin R, Prizant H, Lomakina E, Waugh RE, Sarelius IH

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2010 December 1185 (11):7057-66. Epub 10/29/2010.

Signaling and Dynamics of Activation of LFA-1 and Mac-1 by Immobilized IL-8.

Lomakina EB, Waugh RE

Cellular and molecular bioengineering.. 2010 June 13 (2):106-116. Epub 1900 01 01.

Image correlation microscopy for uniform illumination.

Gaborski TR, Sealander MN, Ehrenberg M, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Journal of microscopy.. 2010 January 237 (1):39-50. Epub 1900 01 01.

Outside-in signal transmission by conformational changes in integrin Mac-1.

Lefort CT, Hyun YM, Schultz JB, Law FY, Waugh RE, Knauf PA, Kim M

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2009 November 15183 (10):6460-8. Epub 10/28/2009.

Molecular accessibility in relation to cell surface topography and compression against a flat substrate.

Hocdé SA, Hyrien O, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2009 July 897 (1):369-78. Epub 1900 01 01.

Cell adhesion molecule distribution relative to neutrophil surface topography assessed by TIRFM.

Hocdé SA, Hyrien O, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2009 July 897 (1):379-87. Epub 1900 01 01.

Activated integrin VLA-4 localizes to the lamellipodia and mediates T cell migration on VCAM-1.

Hyun YM, Chung HL, McGrath JL, Waugh RE, Kim M

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2009 July 1183 (1):359-69. Epub 1900 01 01.

Active site formation, not bond kinetics, limits adhesion rate between human neutrophils and immobilized vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.

Waugh RE, Lomakina EB

Biophysical journal.. 2009 January 96 (1):268-75. Epub 1900 01 01.

Adhesion between human neutrophils and immobilized endothelial ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule 1: divalent ion effects.

Lomakina EB, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2009 January 96 (1):276-84. Epub 1900 01 01.

Activation of human neutrophil Mac-1 by anion substitution.

Lomakina E, Knauf PA, Schultz JB, Law FY, McGraw MD, Waugh RE

Blood cells, molecules & diseases.. 2009 42 (3):177-84. Epub 02/25/2009.

Membrane mobility of beta2 integrins and rolling associated adhesion molecules in resting neutrophils.

Gaborski TR, Clark A, Waugh RE, McGrath JL

Biophysical journal.. 2008 November 1595 (10):4934-47. Epub 08/08/2008.

Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger enhances low pH-induced L-selectin shedding and beta2-integrin surface expression in human neutrophils.

Kaba NK, Schultz J, Law FY, Lefort CT, Martel-Gallegos G, Kim M, Waugh RE, Arreola J, Knauf PA

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.. 2008 November 295 (5):C1454-63. Epub 10/01/2008.

Integral protein linkage and the bilayer-skeletal separation energy in red blood cells.

Butler J, Mohandas N, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2008 August 95 (4):1826-36. Epub 04/04/2008.

Dynamics of increased neutrophil adhesion to ICAM-1 after contacting immobilized IL-8.

Lomakina EB, Waugh RE

Annals of biomedical engineering.. 2006 October 34 (10):1553-63. Epub 09/20/2006.

Teaching cellular engineering.

Hammer DA, Waugh RE

Annals of biomedical engineering.. 2006 February 34 (2):253-6. Epub 02/01/2006.

Rheological analysis and measurement of neutrophil indentation.

Lomakina EB, Spillmann CM, King MR, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2004 December 87 (6):4246-58. Epub 09/10/2004.

Neutrophil adhesive contact dependence on impingement force.

Spillmann CM, Lomakina E, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2004 December 87 (6):4237-45. Epub 09/10/2004.

The cooperative role of membrane skeleton and bilayer in the mechanical behaviour of red blood cells.

Svetina S, Kuzman D, Waugh RE, Ziherl P, Zeks B

Bioelectrochemistry.. 2004 May 62 (2):107-13. Epub 1900 01 01.

Elastic properties of the red blood cell membrane that determine echinocyte deformability.

Kuzman D, Svetina S, Waugh RE, Zeks B

European biophysics journal : EBJ.. 2004 February 33 (1):1-15. Epub 09/12/2003.

Micromechanical tests of adhesion dynamics between neutrophils and immobilized ICAM-1.

Lomakina EB, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 2004 February 86 (2):1223-33. Epub 1900 01 01.

Integrin activation by divalent ions affects neutrophil homotypic adhesion.

Spillmann C, Osorio D, Waugh R

Annals of biomedical engineering.. 2002 September 30 (8):1002-11. Epub 1900 01 01.

Fractional occurrence of defects in membranes and mechanically driven interleaflet phospholipid transport.

Raphael RM, Waugh RE, Svetina S, Zeks B

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.. 2001 November 64 (5 Pt 1):051913. Epub 10/25/2001.

Membrane instability in late-stage erythropoiesis.

Waugh RE, Mantalaris A, Bauserman RG, Hwang WC, Wu JH

Blood.. 2001 March 1597 (6):1869-75. Epub 1900 01 01.

A microcantilever device to assess the effect of force on the lifetime of selectin-carbohydrate bonds.

Tees DF, Waugh RE, Hammer DA

Biophysical journal.. 2001 February 80 (2):668-82. Epub 1900 01 01.

Adaptation and survival of surface-deprived red blood cells in mice.

Murdock RC, Reynolds C, Sarelius IH, Waugh RE

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.. 2000 October 279 (4):C970-80. Epub 1900 01 01.

Passive mechanical behavior of human neutrophils: effects of colchicine and paclitaxel.

Tsai MA, Waugh RE, Keng PC

Biophysical journal.. 1998 June 74 (6):3282-91. Epub 1900 01 01.

Theoretical analysis of the effect of the transbilayer movement of phospholipid molecules on the dynamic behavior of a microtube pulled out of an aspirated vesicle.

Svetina S, Zeks B, Waugh RE, Raphael RM

European biophysics journal : EBJ.. 1998 27 (3):197-209. Epub 1900 01 01.

Energy of dissociation of lipid bilayer from the membrane skeleton of red blood cells.

Hwang WC, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1997 June 72 (6):2669-78. Epub 1900 01 01.

Surface area and volume changes during maturation of reticulocytes in the circulation of the baboon.

Waugh RE, McKenney JB, Bauserman RG, Brooks DM, Valeri CR, Snyder LM

The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.. 1997 May 129 (5):527-35. Epub 1900 01 01.

Effects of lost surface area on red blood cells and red blood cell survival in mice.

Waugh RE, Sarelius IH

The American journal of physiology.. 1996 December 271 (6 Pt 1):C1847-52. Epub 1900 01 01.

Accelerated interleaflet transport of phosphatidylcholine molecules in membranes under deformation.

Raphael RM, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1996 September 71 (3):1374-88. Epub 1900 01 01.

Cell cycle-dependence of HL-60 cell deformability.

Tsai MA, Waugh RE, Keng PC

Biophysical journal.. 1996 April 70 (4):2023-9. Epub 1900 01 01.

Elastic energy of curvature-driven bump formation on red blood cell membrane.

Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1996 February 70 (2):1027-35. Epub 1900 01 01.

Remodeling the shape of the skeleton in the intact red cell.

Khodadad JK, Waugh RE, Podolski JL, Josephs R, Steck TL

Biophysical journal.. 1996 February 70 (2):1036-44. Epub 1900 01 01.

Disregulated expression of leukosialin (CD43) in the erythroid lineage of transgenic mice results in microcytosis

Ostberg, J. R.; Dragone, L. L.; Waugh, R. E.; Ryan, D.; Frelinger, J. G.; Barth, R. K.;.

Transgenics. 1996; 2(3): 41-51.

Combined use of fluorescence microscopy and micromechanical measurement to assess cell and membrane properties.

Waugh RE, Hwang WC, Sarelius IH

Pflu?gers Archiv : European journal of physiology.. 1996 431 (6 Suppl 2):R271-2. Epub 1900 01 01.

Changes in HL-60 cell deformability during differentiation induced by DMSO.

Tsai MA, Waugh RE, Keng PC

Biorheology. 1996 33 (1):1-15. Epub 1900 01 01.

A piconewton force transducer and its application to measurement of the bending stiffness of phospholipid membranes.

Heinrich V, Waugh RE

Annals of biomedical engineering.. 1996 24 (5):595-605. Epub 1900 01 01.

Physical measurements of bilayer-skeletal separation forces.

Waugh RE, Bauserman RG

Annals of biomedical engineering.. 1995 23 (3):308-21. Epub 1900 01 01.

Passive mechanical behavior of human neutrophils: effect of cytochalasin B.

Tsai MA, Frank RS, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1994 June 66 (6):2166-72. Epub 1900 01 01.

Passive mechanical behavior of human neutrophils: power-law fluid.

Tsai MA, Frank RS, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1993 November 65 (5):2078-88. Epub 1900 01 01.

Bending rigidity of SOPC membranes containing cholesterol.

Song J, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1993 June 64 (6):1967-70. Epub 1900 01 01.

Role of lamellar membrane structure in tether formation from bilayer vesicles.

Bozic B, Svetina S, Zeks B, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1992 April 61 (4):963-73. Epub 1900 01 01.

Local and nonlocal curvature elasticity in bilayer membranes by tether formation from lecithin vesicles.

Waugh RE, Song J, Svetina S, Zeks B

Biophysical journal.. 1992 April 61 (4):974-82. Epub 1900 01 01.

Rheologic properties of senescent erythrocytes: loss of surface area and volume with red blood cell age.

Waugh RE, Narla M, Jackson CW, Mueller TJ, Suzuki T, Dale GL

Blood.. 1992 March 179 (5):1351-8. Epub 1900 01 01.

Red cell deformability in different vertebrate animals

Waugh, R. E.;.

Clin. Hemorheol. 1992; 12(3): 649-656.

Reticulocyte rigidity and passage through endothelial-like pores.

Waugh RE

Blood.. 1991 December 178 (11):3037-42. Epub 1900 01 01.

Measurements of membrane bending stiffness: contributions from intrinsic monolayer stiffness and monolayer coupling

Waugh, R. E.; Song, J.;.

Periodicum Biologorum. 1991; 93(3): 217-219.

Bilayer membrane bending stiffness by tether formation from mixed PC-PS lipid vesicles.

Song J, Waugh RE

Journal of biomechanical engineering.. 1990 August 112 (3):235-40. Epub 1900 01 01.

Electric fields induce reversible changes in the surface to volume ratio of micropipette-aspirated erythrocytes.

Katnik C, Waugh R

Biophysical journal.. 1990 April 57 (4):865-75. Epub 1900 01 01.

Alterations of the apparent area expansivity modulus of red blood cell membrane by electric fields.

Katnik C, Waugh R

Biophysical journal.. 1990 April 57 (4):877-82. Epub 1900 01 01.

Flexural rigidity of marginal bands isolated from erythrocytes of the newt.

Waugh RE, Erwin G

The Journal of cell biology.. 1989 May 108 (5):1711-6. Epub 1900 01 01.

Determination of bilayer membrane bending stiffness by tether formation from giant, thin-walled vesicles.

Bo L, Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1989 March 55 (3):509-17. Epub 1900 01 01.

Structural alterations affect the mechanical behavior of erythrocyte membranes

Waugh, R. E.;.

Stud. Biophys. 1989; 134(3): 155-160.

Reductions of erythrocyte membrane viscoelastic coefficients reflect spectrin deficiencies in hereditary spherocytosis.

Waugh RE, Agre P

The Journal of clinical investigation.. 1988 January 81 (1):133-41. Epub 1900 01 01.

Effects of intracellular Ca2+ and proteolytic digestion of the membrane skeleton on the mechanical properties of the red blood cell membrane.

Shields M, La Celle P, Waugh RE, Scholz M, Peters R, Passow H

Biochimica et biophysica acta.. 1987 November 27905 (1):181-94. Epub 1900 01 01.

Mechanical equilibrium of thick, hollow, liquid membrane cylinders.

Waugh RE, Hochmuth RM

Biophysical journal.. 1987 September 52 (3):391-400. Epub 1900 01 01.

Effects of inherited membrane abnormalities on the viscoelastic properties of erythrocyte membrane.

Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1987 March 51 (3):363-9. Epub 1900 01 01.

Erythrocyte membrane elasticity and viscosity.

Hochmuth RM, Waugh RE

Annual review of physiology.. 1987 49 :209-19. Epub 1900 01 01.

Measurement of the extensional and flexural rigidities of a subcellular structure: marginal bands isolated from erythrocytes of the newt.

Waugh RE, Erwin G, Bouzid A

Journal of biomechanical engineering.. 1986 August 108 (3):201-7. Epub 1900 01 01.

Effects of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on the mechanical properties of erythrocyte membrane.

Waugh RE

Blood.. 1986 July 68 (1):231-8. Epub 1900 01 01.

An in vitro model of erythroid egress in bone marrow.

Waugh RE, Sassi M

Blood.. 1986 July 68 (1):250-7. Epub 1900 01 01.

Analysis of cell egress in bone marrow.

Waugh RE, Hsu LL, Clark P, Clark A

Kroc Foundation series.. 1984 16 :221-36. Epub 1900 01 01.

Effects of abnormal cytoskeletal structure on erythrocyte membrane mechanical properties.

Waugh RE

Cell motility. 1983 3 (5-6):609-22. Epub 1900 01 01.

Temperature dependence of the yield shear resultant and the plastic viscosity coefficient of erythrocyte membrane. Implications about molecular events during membrane failure.

Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1982 September 39 (3):273-8. Epub 1900 01 01.

Surface viscosity measurements from large bilayer vesicle tether formation. I. Analysis.

Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1982 April 38 (1):19-27. Epub 1900 01 01.

Surface viscosity measurements from large bilayer vesicle tether formation. II. Experiments.

Waugh RE

Biophysical journal.. 1982 April 38 (1):29-37. Epub 1900 01 01.

Abnormalities in the membrane material properties of hereditary spherocytes

Waugh, R.; La Celle, P. L.;.

J. Biomechan. Engr. 1980; 102(33): 240-246.

Thermoelasticity of red blood cell membrane.

Waugh R, Evans EA

Biophysical journal.. 1979 April 26 (1):115-31. Epub 1900 01 01.

Experimental observations on the thermal fragility of erythrocytes including the effects of storage and anticoagulant

Lloyd, J. R.; Meuller, T. J.; Waugh, R. E.;.

J. Biomechan. Engr. 1978; 100(3): 223-228.

Osmotic correction to elastic area compressibility measurements on red cell membrane.

Evans EA, Waugh R

Biophysical journal.. 1977 December 20 (3):307-13. Epub 1900 01 01.

Mechano chemistry of closed vesicular membrane systems

Evans, E. A.; Waugh, R.;.

J. Coll. Int. Sci. 1977; 60(3): 286-298.

Elastic area compressibility modulus of red cell membrane.

Evans EA, Waugh R, Melnik L

Biophysical journal.. 1976 June 16 (6):585-95. Epub 1900 01 01.

Viscoelastic properties of erythrocyte membranes of different vertebrate animals

Waugh, R.; Evans, E. A.;.

Microvascular Res. 1976; 12(3): 291 304.