Take the Antibiotics Quiz

Antibiotics kill only bacteria. They don’t have any effect on viruses. Sometimes when you take an antibiotic, the bacteria may be resistant or become resistant. Resistant bacteria don’t respond to the antibiotic. They continue to cause infection. You should take antibiotics only when you need to. Each time you take an antibiotic when you don’t need to, you raise your chances of having drug-resistant bacteria. This can happen if you take an antibiotic for a viral infection. It can also happen if you don’t take all of your prescription. Resistant bacteria have made certain diseases harder to treat. These diseases include tuberculosis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Once a certain type of bacteria is resistant to a drug, it can pass on that resistance to other types of bacteria.

Viruses cause all colds and flu. They also cause most coughs and most sore throats. Antibiotics can’t kill viruses. Taking an antibiotic for a cold or the flu will not affect how fast you get better. It may also make some bacteria resistant. This also can happen in children. Children often play together and can easily pass resistant bacteria onto others. This makes the problem worse. Your health care provider will probably prescribe an antibiotic if you have an ear infection, a chronic sinus infection, strep throat, or a urinary tract infection. Many of these infections are caused by bacteria.

These antibiotics are called "narrow-spectrum" antibiotics. The other major category of antibiotics is "broad-spectrum." These antibiotics are used to treat more serious infections that don't respond to the narrow-spectrum type. Unfortunately, more and more doctors prescribe the broad-spectrum antibiotics for less serious infections. Experts worry that using these broad-spectrum antibiotics too often will cause more bacterial resistance. These broad-spectrum antibiotics also cost more than narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

It's important to take all of the medicine prescribed for your illness. If you stop taking the medicine before you have finished it all, some of the bacteria that caused your illness may still be in your body. If the bacteria are exposed to only a small dose of an antibiotic or if an antibiotic is not given enough time to kill the bacteria, the remaining bacteria will develop resistance to the antibiotic. The next time you take the antibiotic, the bacteria will not respond to it. They can then grow in number and cause your illness to come back. They can pass on their drug resistance to the next generation of bacteria.

You should not take antibiotics left over from an earlier illness. These antibiotics would make up only part of a dose. This would not be enough to fight off a bacterial infection and could create bacterial resistance. More important, your current illness may not be caused by bacteria. This would make the antibiotics useless. Always check with your health care provider before taking any antibiotic.

That's why taking an antibiotic can cause symptoms that mean you don’t have enough good bacteria. These symptoms include diarrhea, vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, and an inflammation of the small intestine and colon (enterocolitis). If you have any of these side effects, be sure to tell your health care provider.

Using antibiotics when you don’t need them helps bacteria become resistant. Many of the prescriptions written each year aren’t needed. That’s because they are prescribed for the common cold and other viral infections. Ask your health care provider why an antibiotic was not prescribed for your illness, but don't demand one. Your provider is the best source of information on using antibiotics.

Many antibiotics are safe to take if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. But some are not. Some of these drugs can affect your growing fetus. Your health care provider will make the correct choice of medicine for you. Be sure to tell your health care provider if you are breastfeeding.

Although hospitals and other medical facilities use antibacterial soaps, they follow strict guidelines for their use. Some health experts worry that using antibacterial soaps at home can make bacteria resistant to these soaps. Studies have not proved that these soaps work any better than ordinary soaps to get rid of bacteria.

Many people believe this, but it's not true. It is the bacteria themselves that become resistant to antibiotics.