URMC / Encyclopedia / Content Search Encyclopedia Congenital and Hereditary Neurological Disorders There are many congenital (present at birth) and hereditary neurological disorders that require clinical care by a doctor or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Anencephaly Cerebral Palsy Chiari Malformation Craniosynostosis Hydrocephalus Microcephaly Spina Bifida