Our 5 Pivotal Studies
Our 5 Pivotal Studies
Our disease-specific instruments are designed to detect and quantify clinically meaningful changes in symptomatic health in response to therapeutic interventions. In many instances, our instruments detect therapeutic benefit prior to traditional outcome measures. Below are select examples where our instruments have been shown to identify and support a therapeutic gain in the context of a clinical trial.
Huntington’s Disease (HD-HI)
Neurocrine Biosciences
In 2023, Neurocrine Biosciences published the results of their study evaluating the use of valbenazine as a potential treatment for patients with Huntington’s disease. In conjunction with the primary outcome measure, the total maximal chorea score of the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS-TMC), the HD-HI’s abnormal movement subscale detected a statistical and clinically-meaningful benefit over placebo.
In 2023, the FDA granted valbenazine a drug approval based on data from this study.
Related Publications
- Furr Stimming E, Claassen DO, Kayson E, Goldstein J, Mehanna R, Zhang H, Liang GS, Haubenberger D; Huntington Study Group KINECT-HD Collaborators. Safety and efficacy of valbenazine for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease (KINECT-HD): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2023 Jun;22(6):494-504. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00127-8. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2023 Sep;22(9):e10. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00279-X. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2023 Sep;22(9):e10. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00282-X. PMID: 37210099.
- Brumfield OS, Zizzi CE, Dilek N, Alexandrou DG, Glidden AM, Rosero S, Weinstein J, Seabury J, Kaat A, McDermott MP, Dorsey ER, Heatwole CR. The Huntington's Disease Health Index: Initial Evaluation of a Disease-Specific Patient Reported Outcome Measure. J Huntingtons Dis. 2022;11(2):217-226. doi: 10.3233/JHD-210506. PMID: 35527560.
- Furr Stimming E, Zhang H, Klepitskaya O, Haubenberger D, Hinton S, Heatwole C. Decreased Disease Burden in Motor-Related HD-HI Domains Among Adults With Huntington’s Disease Treated With Valbenazine [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2025; 40 (suppl 1). Accessed October 8, 2025.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA-HI)
Spinraza
During a study for Nusinersen in Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy, conducted at Washington University by Dr. Craig Zaidman, researchers found statistically and clinically significant patient improvements were detected by the SMA-HI prior to improvements with functional measures including the 6-minute walk distance, and revised Hammersmith scale highlighting the strength of well-crafted PROs as a therapeutic outcome measure. Such sensitivity has a usefulness given the regulatory need for efficient, short, and effect therapeutic trials.
Related Publications
- Zaidman CM, Proud C, Liao BM, Rad N, Ho D, Chu ML, Ladha S, Crawford TO, Nayar S, Genge A, Frey M, Heatwole C, Lew D. A prospective, multi-center, observational study of the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of nusinersen in adult patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Neuromuscular Disorders, (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2025.106256.
- Zizzi CE, Luebbe E, Mongiovi P, Hunter M, Dilek N, Garland C, Ciafaloni E, Zaidman CM, Kissel JT, McDermott MP, Johnson N, Sansone V, Heatwole CR. The Spinal Muscular Atrophy Health Index: A novel outcome for measuring how a patient feels and functions. Muscle Nerve. 2021 Jun;63(6):837-844. doi: 10.1002/mus.27223. Epub 2021 Mar 24. PMID: 33711174.
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD-HI)
STARFiSH Pier
In the STARFiSH study, the FSHD-HI subscale and total scores, as well as objective measures of ambulation, strength, lean body mass, and functional ability, demonstrated the effects of combination therapy in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients. In contrast, the PROMIS-57 physical function scale lacked an ability to detect a therapeutic gain in this study.
Related Publications
- Study of Testosterone and Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
- Varma A, Weinstein J, Seabury J, Rosero S, Engebrecht C, Wagner E, Zizzi C, Luebbe EA, Dilek N, McDermott MP, Kissel J, Sansone V, Heatwole C. The Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy-Health Index: Development and evaluation of a disease-specific outcome measure. Muscle Nerve. 2023 Oct;68(4):422-431. doi: 10.1002/mus.27951. Epub 2023 Aug 23. PMID: 37610084.
Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT-HI)
Applied Therapeutics
In 2024, Applied Therapeutics announced positive results from a 12-month interim analysis of Govorestat (AT 007) in the ongoing INSPIRE phase 3 trial in sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) deficiency. In this announcement, the CMT-HI was reported to demonstrat a treatment effect involving lower limb function, mobility, fatigue, pain, sensory function, and upper limb function.
Related Publications
- Johnson NE, Heatwole C, Creigh P, McDermott MP, Dilek N, Hung M, Bounsanga J, Tang W, Shy ME, Herrmann DN. The Charcot-Marie-Tooth Health Index: Evaluation of a Patient-Reported Outcome. Ann Neurol. 2018 Aug;84(2):225-233
- T. Rehbein, J. Purks, N. Dilek, S. Behrens-Spraggins, J. E. Sowden, K. J. Eichinger, the ACT-CMT Study Group , J. Burns, D. Pareyson, S. S. Scherer, M. M. Reilly, M. E. Shy, M. P. McDermott, C. R. Heatwole, D. N. Herrmann. Patient-reported disease burden in the Accelerate Clinical Trials in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Study. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2024; 1-7. doi:10.1111/jns.12662.
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (MDHI)
Dyne Therapeutics
In 2025, Dyne Therapeutics announced meaningful and sustained improvement from baseline in the MDHI, including 6 MDHI subscales assessing central nervous system disease manifestations (cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, fatigue, communication, emotional issues and pain) in the ACHIEVE Trial of Zeleciment Basivarsen (DYNE-101) for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1).
From their press release: Dyne Therapeutics Announces Additional One-Year Clinical Data Demonstrating Functional Improvement from Phase 1/2 ACHIEVE Trial of Zeleciment Basivarsen (DYNE-101) for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1)
Related Publications
- Heatwole, C, Bode, R, Johnson, N, Dekdebrun, J; Dilek, N; Heatwole, M; Hilbert, J, Luebbe, E; Martens, W; McDermott, M; Rothrock, N; Thornton, C; Vickrey, B; Victorson, D; Moxley, R. The Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index: Initial Evaluation of a New Outcome Measure. Muscle and Nerve. 2014 Jun;49(6):906-14.
- Heatwole, C; Bode, R; Johnson, N; Dekdebrun, J; Eichinger, K; Hilbert, J; Logigian, E; Luebbe, E, Martens, W; McDermott, M; Pandya, S; Puwanant, A, Rothrock, N; Thornton, C; Vickrey, B; Victorson, D; Moxley, R. The Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index: Correlations with clinical tests and patient function. Muscle and Nerve. 2016 Feb;53(2):183-90.
- Heatwole C, Johnson N, Dekdebrun J, Dilek N, Eichinger K, Hilbert J, Luebbe E, Martens W, McDermott MP, Thornton C, Moxley R. Myotonic Dystrophy Patient Preferences in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Muscle and Nerve. 2018;58(1):49-55.