Kidney Biopsy

What Is a Kidney Biopsy?

A kidney biopsy (also called a renal biopsy) is a procedure used to diagnose kidney problems. It involves taking a small sample of kidney tissue, which is examined under a microscope.

At UR Medicine, our nephrology team uses this test to better understand the cause of kidney disease and guide treatment decisions.

Your doctor may recommend a kidney biopsy if:

You have blood or protein in your urine
Your kidney function is declining without a known cause
You have a known kidney condition like glomerulonephritis
A kidney transplant isn’t working as expected

Biopsies can help diagnose inflammation, scarring, or specific diseases affecting the kidneys.

Schedule an appointment with a UR Medicine provider.

Call (585) 275-4517

UR Medicine's Approach

What to Expect

A biopsy of the kidney is usually an outpatient procedure. Patients are typically able to go home after a few hours of observation and are rarely ever observed overnight.

In most cases, a nephrologist will perform the biopsy. However, in specific circumstances, interventional radiologists may perform kidney biopsies.

You will be asked to fast for at least 8 hours before arriving at the hospital. Patients are encouraged to arrange a ride home after their biopsy.

What Happens During a Kidney Biopsy?

You will first be directed to a waiting area and an IV will be placed. If your blood pressure is elevated, you may receive oral or IV medication to reduce the blood pressure to reduce your risk of any complications.
Once you are checked in and your vital signs are stable, you will be moved the ultrasound suite.
An ultrasound is used to locate the best approach for the biopsy. Then, your skin will be cleaned and a numbing agent will be applied.
You will be asked to lay still while your provider uses an ultrasound to guide a needle into the kidney and remove a very small piece of tissue.
After the biopsy is completed, you will be asked to lay flat on your back for two to three hours.

You will typically be allowed to eat and drink normally after the biopsy. You may have repeat blood work a few hours after the biopsy to make sure that your blood counts are stable.

A kidney pathologist will examine the tissue sample and look for signs of disease or damage. Your UR Medicine nephrologist will discuss the results with you and explain what they mean for your treatment plan.

What Sets Us Apart?

UR Medicine's Nephrology division provides the most advanced and comprehensive services in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region. We offer our patients a unique combination: world-class treatments, in a center that is highly personal and accessible.

We use real-time imaging tools—such as ultrasound or CT guidance—to ensure accurate needle placement and reduce the risk of complications. This level of precision helps us get high-quality tissue samples, leading to faster, more accurate diagnoses.

Our patients also benefit from a collaborative approach. Kidney tissue samples are reviewed by specially trained kidney pathologists who work closely with your nephrologist. Together, they interpret your results and create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.

Because we’re part of an academic medical center, UR Medicine offers access to the latest research, clinical trials, and advanced therapies. We’re committed to delivering high-quality care that combines innovation, safety, and compassion.