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Traumatic Brain Injuries 

model of a human brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs due to a sudden external physical force, which causes damages to the brain.  TBI is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults. TBIs have many different types which affect the brain in different ways.  The damage can be focal (confined to one area of the brain) or diffuse (happens in more than one area of the brain). The severity of a brain injury can range from a mild concussion to a severe injury that results in coma or even death.

Common causes include motor vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle accidents, falls, assaults, gunshot wounds. 

People Living with TBI may have difficulties with:

  • Attention / Concentration
  • Memory
  • Processing and understanding information
  • Expressive language
  • Planning and organization
  • Reasoning / problem-solving / judgement
  • Behavior changes and impulsivity

Speech Language and Cognitive Evaluations for People living with TBI 

Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP) have specialty training in evaluating individuals after a traumatic brain injury. a Speech-Language Pathologist, will be completed. Using this information, your SLP will identify your areas of cognitive strength and weakness and develop a tailored therapy plan to help you meet your personal goals. A person-centered approach and focus on life participation will be used to maximize your communication and function across your daily environment.

This assessment will evaluate:

  • Attention
  • Memory
  • Executive functioning
  • Language
  • Visuospatial skills

Speech-Language Pathology Evaluation & Therapy

Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP) have specialty training in evaluating individuals after a concussion or traumatic brain injury. Most patients with these types of deficits are evaluated through the Integrative Cognitive Rehabilitation Program.  For those who do not meet the ICRP inclusion criteria, an individual assessment with a Speech-Language Pathologist, will be completed.  This assessment will evaluate:

  • Attention
  • Memory
  • Executive functioning
  • Language
  • Visuospatial skills

Using this information, your SLP will identify your areas of cognitive strength and weakness, and develop a tailored therapy plan to help you meet your personal goals. A person-centered approach and focus on life participation will be used to maximize your communication and function across your daily environment.

Additional Information

American Speech-Language Hearing Association  American Speech-Language-Hearing Association | ASHA

American Association of Neurological Surgeons Traumatic Brain Injury - AANS

Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center  Living with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | MSKTC

Project Learn Net  New York State LEARNet (Living Education and Resource Network) | BrainLine 

CDC – Severe Brain Injury https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/about/severe-brain-injury-basics.html 

Brain Injury Association of America – Brain Injury Guide for Families & Caregivers: https://biaia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Mayo-Clinics-Understanding-Brain-Injury-A-Guide-for-the-Family.pdf 

Family Caregiver Alliance: https://www.caregiver.org/resource/traumatic-brain-injury/

Mayo Clinic – Understanding Brain Injury

Brain Injury Association of America – Brain Injury Guide for Families & Caregivers

Brain Injury Association of NYS: https://bianys.org/