Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain-based, or neurodevelopmental, disorder. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a term that was used in the past, but currently ADHD is the single diagnosis used, with specified subtypes when appropriate.

ADHD is typically first diagnosed in childhood. There are three types:

ADHD, combined—This is the most common type of ADHD. An individual with this type has symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity. They typically have trouble sustaining attention to unstimulating tasks and are easily distracted.
ADHD, impulsive/hyperactive—This is the least common type of ADHD. An individual with this type has symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity, but doesn’t have clincally significant trouble paying attention.
ADHD, inattentive and distractible—Someone with this type mostly struggles with inattentive symptoms and their consequences.

The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but research suggests there is a genetic contribution. Studies show that brain metabolism in people with ADHD is lower in the parts of the brain that control attention, social judgment, and movement.

Symptoms can vary and may be different in children and adults. The most common symptoms are:

Inattention

Short attention span
Difficulty with attention to detail
Distraction
Forgetfulness
Disorganization

Impulsivity

Interrupting others
Risk taking
Difficulty with waiting and patience

Hyperactivity

Always moving
Difficulty sitting still
Fidgeting
Forgetful
Difficulty completing tasks

If you think you or your child may have ADHD, it's important to first see a primary care healthcare provider. They will discuss the symptoms, interview you and your child, and collect necessary information to come to conclusion about diagnosis. A key part of diagnosis is that the symptoms must greatly affect how the individual functions in most settings: at home, at work, or in school.

UR Medicine's Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

UR Medicine offers state-of-the-art care for both adults and children with ADHD. Treatment will vary, but may include:

Medications—The class of medications referred to as stimulants or psychostimulants are considered part of the first line treatment for ADHD and using these medications for treatment of ADHD is the best studied pharmacological intervention in children through randomized controlled trials.
- Non-stimulant medications—can help decrease the symptoms of ADHD and are often used in conjunction with stimulant medicines
Behavior management techniques—consideration of behavioral interventions should be part of developing a plan, details and how critical this may be to a care plan depends on multiple factors.

What Sets Us Apart?

UR Medicine is a world-class medical center and leading academic institution. Our providers offer outstanding patient-centered care and conduct breakthrough research in both neurology and mental health and wellness.

UR Medicine Mental Wellness and Health offers expert psychiatric services to adults and UR Medicine Neurology offers advanced treatment for those with neurological disorders.

The Pediatric Behavioral Health & Wellness program at Golisano Children’s Hospital provides quality mental health assessment and the most advanced treatment options to infants, children, and adolescents, and those who care for them.