URMC / Libraries / Edward G. Miner Library / Resources / Abbreviation Glossary Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols Type or paste in your term - matches will immediately display below Clear Search Abbreviation/ Acronym/ Symbol Definition αalpha; first in a series Aaccommodation; acetum; anode; anterior aartery; before; absorption; acidity; area; arterial; asymmetric A2aortic second sound Åangstrom unit A-a gradientalveolar to arterial gradient α-hright handed helical form assumed by many proteins αΤαtocopherol (Vitamin E) aaof each; arteries AAamino acid AAAabdominal aortic aneurysm A&Oalert and oriented AASacute abdominal series ABantibody; abortion AADantibiotic-associated diarrhea AAOalert, awake, and oriented Abantibody ABabortion abdabdominal/abdomen ABGarterial blood gas ABIankle-brachial index ablAbelson murine leukemia virus ABLBalternate binaural loudness balance (test) ABOthree basic blood groups ABPAallergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis ABRabortus Bang ring (test); auditory brainstem response ABVDadriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine ABXantibiotics ACadrenal cortex; air conduction; alternating current; axiocervical a.c., acante cibum, before a meal acaceytl acc.accommodation A/CAaccommodative/convergence accommodation ratio ACEangiotensin-converting enzyme ACEIangiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor AcGaccelerator globulin AChacetylcholine AChEacetylcholinesterase AChRacetylcholine receptor ACLanterior cruciate ligament ACLSadvanced cardiac life support ACPacyl carrier protein ACSacute coronary syndrome ACTHadrenocorticotropic hormone ADadvance directive adto; up to ADAAmerican Diabetes Association ADDAttention Deficit Disorder ADEadverse drug effect ADHantidiuretic hormone ADHDattention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADL, ADLsactivities of daily living ad lib.freely; as desired admov.apply ADPadenosine 5' diphosphate ADRadverse drug reaction ad sat.to saturation ADTPalcohol and drug treatment program AEabove the elbow (amputation) AECBacute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis AEDantiepileptic drug; automated external defibrillator AFatrial fibrillation AFBacid-fast bacillus AFPalpha-fetoprotein AFOankle foot orthosis A/G; A-Galbumin/globulin ratio Agsilver; antigen AGCatypical glandular cells AgNO3silver nitrate ahhypermetropic astigmatism AHFantihemophilic factor AHGantihemophilic globulin AIaortic incompetence; aortic insufficiency AICDautomatic implantable cardiac defibrillator AIDartificial insemination donor AIDSacquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIHartificial insemination by husband AKabove the knee AKAabove knee amputation Alaluminum Alaalanine Albalbumin ALAaminolevulinic acid ALDalcoholic liver disease ALLacute lymphocytic leukemia ALPalkaline phosphatase ALSamyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALTalanine aminotransferase alt. dieb.every other day alt. hor.every other hour alt. noc.every other night AMmorning Ammixed astigmatism a.m.a.against medical advice ambambulate AMDaging macular degeneration AMIacute myocardial infarction AMLacute myelogenous (myeloblastic) leukemia AMLSAdvanced Medical Life Support AMPadenosine monophosphate (adenylic acid) ampampule; amputation AMSaltered mental status; acute mountain sickness ANAantinuclear antibody anatanatomy or anatomic ANCabsolute neutrophil count ANDaxillary node dissection ANFantinuclear factor ANGIOangiography ANNAanti-neuronal nuclear antibody ANOVAanaylsis of variance anuricnot producing urine ANPatrial natriuretic peptide ANSautonomic nervous system ant.anterior anti-CCPanticyclic citrullinated peptide ANUGacute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Ao.aorta AOBalcohol on breath AODMadult onset diabetes mellitus A-Panterior-posterior; abdominal-perineal A&Pauscultation and percussion apbefore dinner APAantipernicious anemia (factor) APAPacetaminophen APCatrial premature contraction; antigen presenting cell A-P-Cadenoidal pharyngeal conjunctival (virus) APDafferent pupillary defect APPYappendectomy APSadult protective services; antiphospholipid antibody syndrome aPTTactivated partial thromboplastin AQ, aqwater aq. dest.distilled water aq. frig.cold water arargon ARBangiotensin receptor blocker ARC AIDSrelated complex ARDSacute respiratory distress syndrome ARFacute renal failure Argarginine ARMDage-related macular degeneration AROMactive range of motion ASankylosing spondylitis; aortic stenosis; auris sinistra (left ear) As.astigmatism; arsenic ASAacetylsalicylic acid ASAPas soon as possible ASCatypical squamous cells asc.ascending ASCAanti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody ASC-USatypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ASCVDatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASDatrial septal defect AsHhypermetropic astigmatism ASHDarteriosclerotic heart disease ASIAAmerican Spinal Injury Association AsMmyopic astigmatism Asnasparagine ASTaspartate aminotransferase Astastigmatism ASUambulatory surgery unit Atastatine ATCCAmerican Type Culture Collection at. wt.atomic weight ATFLanterior talofibular ligament ATLadult T cell leukemia; adult T cell lymphoma atmatmosphere ATNacute tubular necrosis ATPadenosine 5' triphosphate ATPDambient temperature and pressure, dry ATPSambient temperature and pressure, saturated Augold AUCarea under the curve A-V; AV; A/Varteriovenous; atrioventricular av.avoirdupois AVMarteriovenous malformation AVNavascular necrosis; atrio-ventricular AV02arteriovenous oxygen AVParginine vasopressin AVRaortic valve replacement AVSSafebrile, vital signs stable AWatomic weight axaxis AZPazidothymidine (zidovudine) Bboron; bacillus; bilateral; barometric �second in a series bblood; bone B&Cboard and care Babarium BACblood alcohol concentration bandemiaslang for elevated level of band forms of white blood cells BADLsbasic activities of daily living BAEbarium enema BAERbrainstem auditory evoked response BALbronchoalveolar lavage BALBbinaural alternate BBBblood-brain barrier; bundle branch block BCCbasal cell carcinoma BBTbasal body temperature BCbowel care BCAAbranched chain amino acids BCGbacille Calmette-Gu�rin BCLSbasic cardiac life support BCPbirth control pills BDBuerger disease BDRbackground diabetic retinopathy BEbacterial endocarditis; barium enema Beberyllium BEEbasal energy expenditure BETbenign essential tremor BHSbeta-hemolytic streptococci Bibismuth BIBbrought in by bib.drink bibasilarat the bases of both lungs b.i.d., bidtwice a day BIDSbrittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility, and short stature bilat.bilateral b.i.n.twice a night bipapbilevel positive airway pressure BIVADbi-ventribular assist device BKbelow the knee; berkelium BKAbelow the knee amputation BL CXblood culture BLSbasic life support BMbone marrow; bowel movement BMDbone mineral density BMIbody mass index BMRbasal metabolic rate BMSbone marrow suppression BMPbasic metabolic panel BMTbone marrow transplantation BNEdBachelor of Nursing Education BNPbrain natriuretic peptide BNScBachelor of Nursing Science bol.pill BOMbilateral otis media BPblood pressure; base pair B.P.British Pharmacopeia BPDborderline personality disorder; bi-polar disorder; broncho-pulmonary dysplasia BPFBachelor of Public Health BPHbenign prostatic hyperplasia bpmbeats per minute BPVbenign positional vertigo BRbed rest; bromine BRAObranch retinal artery occlusion BRAT (diet)banana, rice cereal, applesauce, toast BRBbright red blood BRBPRbright red blood per rectum BRMbiologic response modifier BROWbarley, rye, oats, and wheat BRPbathroom privileges BRVObranch retinal vein occlusion BSbowel or breath sounds; Bachelor of Science BSAbody surface area BSEbreast self-examination BSERbrainstem evoked response BSNBachelor of Science in Nursing BSObilateral salpingo oophorectomy - removal of both ovaries and Fallopian tubes BTbleeding time BTPSbody temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (with water vapor) BTUBritish thermal unit BTXbotulinum toxin BUNblood urea nitrogen BUSBartholin glands, urethra, Skene glands BWbirth weight; body weight Bxbiopsy CCalorie (kilocalorie); Celsius ccalorie (small calorie) cwith CAcoronary artery; cancer; carcinoma; cardiac arrest; contrast angiography Cacalcium ca.about; approximately; cancer c-acardioarterial CAAcrystalline amino acids CABGcoronary artery bypass graft CaCO3calcium carbonate CADcoronary artery disease CAHchronic active hepatitis Callarge calorie CAMcomplimentary and alternative medicine cAMPcyclic adenosine monophosphate CAOconscious, alert, and oriented CAPcatabolite (gene) activator protein; community acquired pneumonia cap.capsule CAPDcontinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis CARDScardiology C&Sculture and sensitivity, performed to detect infection CATcomputerized axial tomography; cataract cathcatheter CBcerebellar C/Bcomplicated by CBCcomplete blood count CBDcommon bile duct; closed bag drainage CBGcapillary blood gas; corticosteroid binding globulin CBIcontinuous bladder irrigation CBRNEchemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive agents CBTcognitive behavioral therapy Cbzcarbobenzoxy (chloride) CCchief complaint cccubic centimeter CCBcalcium channel blocker CCCcentral corneal clouding CCEclubbing, cyanosis, edema CCl 4carbon tetrachloride CCKcholycystectomy CCNUchloroethylcyclo-hexylnitrosourea (lomustine) CCUcoronary care unit; critical care unit CCVcritical closing volume cdcandela Cdcadmium CDcompact disc C/Dcup to disk ratio CD4 Thelper cells CD8cytotoxic cells CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention CDIclean dry intact Cdifclostridium difficile cDNAcomplimentary DNA CDPcytidine 5' diphosphate Cecerium CEAcarcinoembryonic antigen CELOchicken embryo lethal orphan (virus) CEPcongenital erythropoietic porphyria CEUcontinuing education unit Cfcalfornium CFcystic fibrosis; complement fixation; coupling factor; Christmas factor CFTRcystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator cgcentigram CGchorionic gonadotropin CGAcatabolite gene activator CGLchronic granulocytic leukemia cGMPcyclic guanosine monophosphate Ch1Christchurch (chromosome) ChBBachelor of Surgery ChDDoctor of Surgery CHDcongenital heart disease; coronary heart disease ChEcholinesterase chem panelchemistry panel, a comprehensive screening blood test that indicates status of liver, kidneys, and electrolytes chemochemotherapy CHFcongestive heart failure CHIclosed head injury ChMMaster of Surgery CHOcarbohydrate CIcardiac index; color index; confidence interval Cicurie CICclean intermittent catheterization CIDPchronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy CIEcounterimmunoelectrophoresis CINcervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIQcognitive laterality quotient CIUchronic idiopathic urticaria CIScarcinoma in situ CJDCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease CKcreatine kinase CK-MBserum creatine kinase, myocardial-bound Clchlorine CLcardiolipin CLAclinical laboratory assistant CLIAClinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments CLLchronic lymphocytic leukemia cmcentimeter cMcentimorgan CMcardiomegaly Cmcurium CMACertified Medical Assistant CMCcarpometacarpal CMEcontinuing medical education CMIcell mediated immunity CMLchronic myelogenous leukemia CMOChief Medical Officer CMPcardiomyopathy; cytidine 5' phosphate CMRchief medical resident c.m.s.to be taken tomorrow morning CMTcertified medication technician; certified medical transcriptionist CMVcytomegalovirus; controlled mechanical ventilation c.n.tomorrow night CNcranial nerves CNIScarotid non-invasive study CNMCertified Nurse Midwife CNPCommunity Nurse Practitioner CNScentral nervous system c.n.s.to be taken tomorrow night COcarbon monoxide; cardiac output CO2carbon dioxide Cocobalt c/ocomplains of CoAcoenzyme A COGcenter of gravity COLDchronic obstructive lung disease comp.compound; compounded of COMTcatechol-O-methyltransferase conAconcanavalin A COPDchronic obstructive pulmonary disease COSChief of Staff COX-2cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors CPcerebral palsy; cleft palate; chest pain; costophrenic CPAPcontinuous positive airway pressure CPCclinicopathologic conference CPDcephalopelvic disproportion CPHSSCincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale CPKcreatine phosphokinase CPMcontinuous passive motion CPPcerebral perfusion pressure CPPBcontinuous (or constant) positive pressure breathing CPPDcalcium pyrophosphate disease CPPVcontinuous positive pressure ventilation CPRcardiopulmonary resuscitation cpscycles per second CPSchild protective services CPTcurrent procedureal terminology CPUchest pain unit Crchromium; creatinine CRChief Resident; conditioned reflex; controlled release; crown-rump length CRAOcentral retinal artery occlusion CRCLcreatinine clearance CRDchronic respiratory disease CRESTcalcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (cluster of features of systemic sclerosis scleroderma) CRFchronic renal failure CRFscardiac risk factors CRHcorticotropin releasing hormone CRIchronic renal insufficiency CRNACertified Registered Nurse Anesthetist CRNPCertified Registered Nurse Practitioner CRPc. reactive protein CRS-RConners Rating Scales-Revised CRSTcalcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia (syndrome) CRTCertified Respiratory Therapist CRTSCertified Recreational Therapy Specialist CRVOcentral retinal vein occlusion Cscesium CScardiogenic shock; cesarean section; culture and sensitivity; Chief of Staff CSDcatscratch disease CSFcerebrospinal fluid; colony-stimulating factor CSHcombat support hospital CSWcertified social worker CTcomputed/computerized tomography CTPcytidine 5' triphosphate CTRcardiothoracic ratio Cucopper CVcardiovascular CVAcardiovascular accident; cerebrovascular accident (stroke); costovertebral angle CVATCVA tenderness CVCcentral venous catheter CVPcentral venous pressure CVRBcritical value read back CVScardiovascular system; chorionic villi sampling c/wconsistent with; compared with CXculture CXRchest x-ray Cydcytidine cylcylinder; cylindric (lens) CYPcytochrome P-450 (enzyme) Cyscysteine Cytcytosine Δdelta; change; heat δdelta; heavy chain class corresponding to IgD Ddiopter; dose; diarrhea; disk; Dalton; deuterium; vitamin D potency of cod liver oil D5/0.9 NaCl 5%dextrose and normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) D5/� /NS 5%dextrose and half-normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl) D5W 5%dextrose in water ddensity; right; deci-; day /dper day dadeca dA; dAdodeoxyadenosine DaDalton DAdevelopmental age D & Cdilatation and curettage D&Edilatation and evacuation daMPdeoxyadenylic acid DANS1-dimethylaminonaphthalene 5 sulfonic acid DATdiet as tolerated DAWdispense as written dBdecibel DBdirect bilirubin DBPdiastolic blood pressure DCdirect current; Doctor of Chiropractic dcdiscontinue; discharge DCGdacryocystography DChDoctor of Surgery DCISductal carcinoma in situ dCMPdeoxycytidylic acid DDSDoctor of Dental Surgery DDxdifferential diagnosis DDTdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (chlorophenothane) defdecayed, extracted, or filled (deciduous teeth) Dermdermatology DESdiethylstibestrol det.let it be given DETdiethyltryptamine DEVduck embryo vaccine; duck embryo virus DEXAdual-energy x-ray absorptiometry dfdecayed and filled (deciduous teeth) DFdorsiflexion; decayed and filled (permanent teeth) Dfdeficiency DFAdirect fluorescent antibody DFEdilated fundus examination DFVDoppler flow velocimetry dGMPdeoxyguanosine monophosphate DHDental Hygienist DHEAdehydro-3-epiandrosterone DHTdihydrotestosterone DIdiabetes insipidus DICdisseminated intravascular coagulation dieb. alt.every other day dieb. tert.every third day DIFdifferential; direct immunofluorescence dil.dilute; diluted dim.halved DIPdistal interphalangeal joint; desquamative interstitial pneumonia DISIDA(scan) diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid (cholescintigraphy) DJDdegenerative joint disease dkdeca-, deka DKAdiabetic ketoacidosis dLdeciliter DMdiabetes mellitus DMARDdisease-modulating antirheumatic drug DMDDoctor of Dental Medicine; Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMEDirector of Medical Education dmfdecayed, missing, or filled (deciduous teeth) DMSOdimethyl sulfoxide DMTdimethyltryptamine DNdibucaine number DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid DNBDiplomate of the National Board (of Medical Examiners) DNCdilation and curettage DNEDirector of Nursing Education; Doctor of Nursing Education DNHdo not hospitalize DNIdo not intubate DNPdeoxyribonucleoprotein; 2,4 dinitrophenol DNRdo not resuscitate DNSDirector of Nursing Service DODoctor of Osteopathy D/Odisorder DOAdead on arrival DOBdate of birth DOCdeoxycholic acid; deoxycorticosterone DOEdyspnea on exertion DOM2,5 dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine DONDirector of Nursing DOTdirectly observed therapy DOUdirect observation unit DPdorsalis pedis; Doctor of Pharmacy; Doctor of Podiatry Dpduplication of a gene or chromosomal segment DPatdiphtheria-acellular pertussis tetanus (vaccine) DPHDoctor of Public Health; Doctor of Public Hygiene DpharmDoctor of Pharmacy DPIdry powder inhaler DPLdiagnositc peritoneal lavage DPMDoctor of Physical Medicine; Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DPNdiphosphopyridine nucleotide DPOAdurable power of attorney DPTdiphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine) DRdiabetic retinopathy; degeneration reaction, reaction of degeneration dr.dram Dr. MedDoctor of Medicine DREdigital rectal examination DRGdiagnosis-related group DrPHDoctor of Public Health; Doctor of Public Hygiene DRVVTdilute Russell viper venom test DSM-IV-TRDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision D-SDoerfler Stewart (test) DSAdigital subtraction angiography DScDoctor of Science DSDdry sterile dressing dsDNAdouble-stranded DNA D/Tdue to dTDPdeoxythymidine 5 diphosphate dThdthymidine DTICdimethyltrizenoimidazole carboxamide (dacarbazine) dTMPdeoxythymidylic acid DTPdiphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; distal tingling on percussion (Tingel sign) DTPAdiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid DTRdeep tendon reflex(es) DTsdelirium tremens dTTPdeoxythymidine 5� triphosphate dTdeoxythymidine DUduodenal ulcer dur.dolor while pain lasts DVMDoctor of Veterinary Medicine DVTdeep vein thrombosis D5Wdextrose 5% in water DWIdriving while intoxicated Dxdiagnosis Dydysprosium eepsilon; molar absorption coefficient; heavy chain class corresponding to IgE Eeye; Escherichia; exa; extraction (ratio) EAAessential amino acids EBEpstein-Barr virus EBLestimated blood loss EBMevidence-based medicine EBRTexternal beam radiation therapy EBVEpstein-Barr virus ECDexternal continence device ECFextended care facility; extracellular fluid ECF-Aeosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis ECGelectrocardiogram, electrocardiograph ECHOechocardiography ECMerythema chronicum migrans ECMOextracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECSelectrocerebral silence ECTelectroconvulsive therapy EDemergency department; effective dose; erythema dose; erectile dysfunction; eating disorder EDCexpected date of confinement; (the first word on a prescription), take; prescription; treatment EDDestimated date of delivery (formerly EDC: estimated date of confinement) EDTAethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edathamil, editic acid) EEGelectroencephalogram EENTeye, ear, nose, and throat EFejection fraction EFADessential fatty acid deficiency EGDesophagogastroduodenoscopy EIAenzyme immunosorbent assay EICepidermal inclusion cyst EJexternal jugular EKGelectrocardiogram; electrocardiograph EKYelectrokymogram ELISAenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay elix.elixir Ememmetropia; electron microscopy EMAIgA immunoglobulin A antiendomysial EMCencephalomyocarditis EMFelectromotive force EMGelectromyogram, electromyography; exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism (syndrome) EMSemergency medical service; eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome EMTEmergency Medical Technician EMVeyes, motor, verbal response (Glasgow coma scale) Endoendocrine ENGelectronystagmography ENTear, nose, and throat E/Oevidence of EOGelectrooculography Eoseosinophils EOMextraocular muscles EPextrapyramidal EPAPexpiratory positive airway pressure EPOerythropoeitin EPSextrapyramidal symptoms EREmergency Room; extended-release; endoplasmic reticulum Ererbium ERBPeffective renal blood flow ERCPendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERGelectroretinogram ERPFeffective renal plasma flow ERTestrogen replacement therapy ERVexpiratory reserve volume Eseinsteinium ESEPextreme somatosensory evoked potential ESIepidural steroid injection ESLDend stage liver disease ESPextrasensory perception ESRerythrocyte sedimentation rate; electron spin resonance ESRDend-stage renal disease ESTelectroshock therapy ESWLextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ETendotracheal ETTendotracheal tube ET-1endothelin-1 ETOH, EtOHethyl alcohol Eueuropium EUAexamination under anesthesia ev; eVelectron volt EWCLextended wear contact lens EX FIXexternal fixation EX LAPexploratory laparotomy ext.extensor; external; extremities FFahrenheit; faraday (constant); fertility (factor); field (of vision) flourine ffemale; frequency F1first filial generation F1.2(prothrombin) fragment 1.2 FAfatty acid FAANFellow of the American Academy of Nursing Fabfragment of antibody molecule involved in antigen binding FACAFellow of the American College of Anesthesiology FACALFellow of the American College of Allergy FACCFellow of the American College of Cardiologists FACDFellow of the American College of Dentists FACFPFellow of the American College of Family Physicians FACOFellow of the American College of Otolaryngology FACOGFellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists FACOSFellow of the American College of Orthopaedic Surgeons FACPFellow of the American College of Physicians FACRFellow of the American College of Radiology FACSFellow of the American College of Surgeons FADFlavine adenine dinucleotide; familial Alzheimer disease F & Efluid and electrolyte FAMAFellow of the American Medical Association FANAflourescent antinuclear antibody (test) F&Nfebrile and neutropenic FAPfamilial adenomatous polyposis FBforeign body F/Bfollowed by FBSfasting blood sugar Fcconstant fragment of an antibody molecule FDfatal dose; focal distance FDA(U.S.) Food and Drug Administration Feiron FEFforced expiratory flow FEMfemoral FENAfractional excretion of sodium FESfunctional electrical stimulation FETforced expiratory time FEVforced expiratory volume FFfiltration fraction FFDfocus film distance FFPfresh frozen plasma FHRfetal heart rate FHTfetal heart tone FIAflourescent immunoassay FISHfluorescence in situ hybridization fl.flexor Fldfluid flex sigflexible sigmoidoscopy FLUinfluenza Fmfermium FMGforeign medical graduate FMNflavin(e) mononucleotide FNAfine needle aspiration FOBTfecal occult blood test FOSfull of stool; force of stream FPfamily practice; family practitioner fps; FPSfoot pound second (system, unit) Frfrancium; French (gauge scale) FRCfunctional residual capacity French(catheter gauge) FRFfollicle stimulating hormone releasing factor FRSfirst rank symptom Frufructose FSGfinger stick glucose FSHfollicle-stimulating hormone FSH-RFfollicle stimulating hormone releasing factor FSH-RHfollicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone FTA-ABSfluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (test) FTTfailure to thrive FU; F/Ufluorouracil; follow-up FUOfever of unknown origin FVCforced vital capacity Fxfracture γgamma; Ostwald solubility coefficient; the third in a series; heavy chain class corresponding to IgG G, g, gmgiga; gram; glucose; gravitation (newtonian constant of) Gguaiac (followed by + or -) G 1gap 1 G 2gap 2 G6Pglucose 6 phosphate GAgeneral anesthesia Gagallium GABAgamma-aminobutyric acid GABABgamma-aminobutyric acid type B GABHSgroup- �-hemolytic Streptococcus GABRB3GABAA receptor gene GADgeneralized anxiety disorder garggargle Galgalactose GASgroup A Strep; guaiac all stools GBgallbladder; Guillain-Barr� GBMglioblastoma multiforme GBSgroup B Strep GCgonococcus or gonorrheal GCSGlasgow coma scale GCSFgranulocyte colony stimulating factor GDMgestational diabetes mellitus GDPmannose 1 phosphate guanylyltransferase GDSGeriatric Depression Scale Gegermanium GERDgastroesophageal reflux disease GERIgeriatrics GETTgeneral by endotracheal tube GFRglomerular filtration rate GGTgamma-glutamyl transferase GHgrowth hormone GHBgamma hydroxybutyrate GHRF; GH-RFgrowth hormone releasing factor GHRH; GH-RHgrowth hormone releasing hormone GIgastrointestinal; Gingival Index GIBgastrointestinal bleeding GIPgastric inhibitory polypeptide GLCglaucoma; glass liquid chromatography Glnglutamine; glutaminyl Gluglutamicacid; glutamyl Glyglycine; glycyl GMOGeneral Medical Officer GMPguanosine monophosphate (guanylic acid) GMRgallups, murmurs, rubs GMSGomori (or Grocott) methenamine silver (stain) GNglomerulonephritis; Graduate Nurse GNRgram negative rod GnRHgonadotropin-releasing hormone GOOgastric outlet obstruction GOTglutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) GPgeneral practitioner GPIGingival Periodontal Index G#P#gravida# para# GP 2b3aglycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor GPCgram positive coccus G6PDglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase grgrain; 1 grain = 65mg gradby degrees GRASgenerally recognized as safe GSgram stain GSHreduced glutathione GSRgalvanic skin response GSSGoxidized glutathione GSWgunshot wound GTPguanosine5' triphosphate GTTglucose tolerance test Gt, gttdrops G-tubegastric feeding tube GUgenitourinary; gastric ulcer Guoguanosine guttat.drop by drop GVHDgraft-versus-host disease GXTgraded exercise tolerance (Stress test) Gygray (unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation) GYNgynecology hhecto hPlanck constant 1Hhydrogen-1 (protium, light hydrogen) 2Hhydrogen-2 (deuterium, heavy hydrogen) 3Hhydrogen-3 (tritium, radioactive hydrogen) Hhydrogen; henry; hyperopia; hyperopic H+hydrogen ion h, hrhour Hahahnium HAhyaluronic acid; hemogglutinin H&Ehematoxylin and eosin H&Hhematocrit and hemoglobin H&Phistory and physical examination H1N1hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 H2histamine 2 H fluhaemophilus influenza HAARThighly active antiretroviral therapy HAheadache HACEhigh altitude cerebral edema HAVhepatitis A virus HAPEhigh altitude pulmonary edema HbAadult hemoglobin HbA1major component of adult hemoglobin HbA2minor fraction of adult hemoglobin HbASheterozygosity for hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S (sickle cell trait) HBcAgHepatitis B core antigen HbCOcarboxyhemoglobin HBcHepatitis B early antigen HBcAbHepatitis B early antibody HBcAgHepatitis B early antigen HbFfetal hemoglobin Hbghemoglobin HBIGhepatitis B immune globulin HBOhyperbaric oxygen HbO2oxyhemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin HbSsicle cell hemoglobin HBsAbhepatitis B surface antibody HBsAghepatitis B surface antigen HBPhigh blood pressure HBVhepatitis B virus HCChepatocellular carcinoma HCFAHealth Care Financing Administration HCGhuman chorionic gonadotropin HCIhydrochloric acid; hydrochloride HCLhard contact lens HCMhealth care maintenance HCPhealth care professional HCShuman chorionic somatomammotropin HCT, Hcthematocrit HCVhepatitis C virus h.d.at bedtime HDhearing distance HDLhigh-density lipoprotein HDRVhuman diploid (cell strain) rabies vaccine HDVhepatitis D Hehelium HEENThead, eye, ear, nose, and throat HELLPhemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets HEME/ONChematology/oncology HEMPAShereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity associated with positive acidified serum HEPAhigh-efficiency particulate air HER2human EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor 2 HEVhepatitis E HFhafnium HFheart failure HFJVhigh frequency jet ventilation Hgmercury hgbhemoglobin HEhuman granulocytic ehrlichiosis HGHhuman (pituitary) growth hormone HGSILhigh-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion H/HHenderson-Hasselbach equation or hemoglobin/hematocrit HIhomicidal ideation; hemagglutination inhibition (test, titer) 5-HIAAhepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (scan) HibHaemophilus influenzae type B HIDAhepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (cholescintigraphy) HIPAAHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act His; -His; His-histidine; histidino; histidyl HITheparin induced thrombocytopenia HIVhuman immunodeficiency virus HJRhepatojugular reflex HLheparin lock; hyperopia latent HLAhuman leukocyteantigen; histocompatibility locus antigen Hmhyperopia, manifest (hypermetropia) HMEhuman monocytic ehrlichiosis HMGCoA 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A HMOHealth Maintenance Organization HMWKhigh molecular weight kininogen (Fletcher factor) hoholmium h/ohistory of HOBhead of bed HOCMhypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy HOHhard of hearing HONKhyperosmolar non-ketotic state H2Owater H2O2hydrogen peroxide hor. decub.bedtime hor. som, h.s.bedtime HPFhigh power field HPIhistory of present illness HPLhuman placental lactogen HPLChigh performance liquid chromatography HPVhuman papillomavirus HRheart rate HRCThigh-resolution computed tomography HRThormone replacement therapy HSat bedtime HSILhigh-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion HSMhepatosplenomegaly HSVherpes simplex virus 5-HT5-hydroxytryptamine (seratonin) Hthyperopia, total HTLV-IIIhuman T lymphotropic virus type III HTNhypertension HUholding unit HUShemolytic uremic syndrome HVLhalf value layer hx, Hxhistory Hyhyperopia Hyphydroxyproline Hzhertz (cycles per second) Iiodine I+with ionic contrast (in reference to a CAT scan) I-without ionic contrast (in reference to a CAT scan) 131Iradioactive isotope of iodine (atomic weight 131) 132Iradioactive isotope of iodine (atomic weight 132) IAintra-articular I&Dincision and drainage I&Ointake and output IABPintra-aortic balloon pump IADLsinstrumental activities of daily living IAPintermittent acute porphyria IBDinflamatory bowel disease IBSinflamatory bowel syndrome IBWideal body weight ICinspiratory capacity ICAinternal carotid artery ICDimplantable cardioverter defibrillator; International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization ICDA International Classification of Diseases Adapted for use in the United States ICFintracellular fluid ICHintracranial hemorrhage ICPintracranial pressure ICSintercostal space ICSHinterstitial cell-stimulating hormone ICUintensive care unit Id.the same IDinfectious disease or identification IDDMinsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDMinfants of diabetic mothers IDUidoxuridine; injection/injection drug user IEDimprovised explosive device IFinitiation factor; intrinsic factor IFNinterferon Igimmunoglobulin IgEimmunoglobulin E IGFinsulinlike growth factor IgGimmunoglobulin G IHinguinal hernia (usually preceded by L or R) IHSSidiopathic hypertropic subaortic stenosis IJinternal jugular ILinterleukin; indirect laryngoscopy IL-1interleukin 1 IL-8interleukin 8 ILAinsulinlike activity ILDinterstitial lung disease Ileisoleucine IMintramuscular; internal medicine; infectious mononucleosis IMIinferior myocardial infarction IMPimpression; inosine monophosphate (inosinic acid) IMVintermittent mandatory ventilation Inindium in d.daily INDinvestigational new drug INFinterferon inf.inferior inj.injection Inoinosine INRinternational normalized ratio instill.instillation int.internal in vitroin the laboratory in vivoin the body IOLintraocular lens IOMLinfraorbitomeatal line IOPintraocular pressure IPinterphalangeal; intraperiotoneal(ly) IPAPinspiratory positive airway pressure IPFidiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPPBintermittent positive pressure breathing IPPVintermittent positive pressure ventilation IPVinactive poliovirus vaccine IQintelligence quotient Iriridium IRinterventional radiology; internal rotation IRBBBincomplete right bundle branch block IRBindications risks benefits; institutional review board IRDMinsulin resistant diabetes mellitus IRVinspiratory reserve volume ISIInternational Sensitivity Index ITinterthecal; information technology ITPidiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura I.U.a international unit IUCDintrauterine contraceptive device IUDintrauterine device IUFDintrauterine fetal death IUPintrauterine pregnancy IVintravenous IVCintravenous cholangiogram or inferior vena cava IVDAintravenous drug abuse IVDUintravenous drug use IVFintravenous fluids; in vitro fertilization IVPintravenous pyelogram Jflux (density) Jjoule JMSJunior Medical Student JNC 7The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JODMjuvenile onset diabetes mellitus JPJackson Pratt drain JRAjuvenile rheumatoid arthritis jt.joint J-tubejejunal feeding tube JVDjugular venous distention JVPjugular venous pressure Kpotassium; kelvin kkilo KAFOknee ankle foot orthosis katkatal kbkilobase kckilocycle Kcalkilocalories KCLpotassium chloride KCTkaolin clotting time kgkilogram KIpotassium iodine KJknee jerk KmMichaelis constant KOHpotassium hydroxide KORkeep open rate KPkeratic precipitate Krkrypton 17-KS17-ketosteroid KSKaposi sarcoma KTkinesio therapy or kinesiotherapist KUBkidney, ureter, and bladder kvkilovolt KVOkeep vein open kVpkilovolt peak KWKimmelstiel Wilson (disease); Keith Wagener (retinal changes) Lliter; left L:S Rlecithin: spingomyelin ratio Lalanthanum LAleft atrium LADleft anterior descending (coronary artery) L&Dlabor and delivery lablaboratory LAClaceration LADleft axis deviation or left anterior descending LAEleft atrial enlargement LAHBleft anterior hemiblock LAOleft anterior oblique (coronary artery) LAPleft atrial pressure; leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; leucine aminopeptidase LARlow anterior resection latlateral LATSlong acting thyroid stimulator lbpound LBBBleft bundle branch block LBOlarge bowel obstruction LBPlow back pain LBTlupus band test LBWlow birth weight LClethal concentration LCAleft coronary artery LCATlecithin cholesterol acyltransferase LCLlateral collateral ligament LCMleft costal margin; lymphocytic choriomeningitis (virus) LCXleft circumflex (coronary artery) LD50lethal dose, median LDHlactate dehydrogenase LDLlow-density lipoprotein LElower extremity; lupus erythematosus LEEPloop electrosurgical excision procedure LENISlower extremity non-invasive study LESlower esophageal sphincter LETSlarge external transformation sensitive (fibronectin) Leuleucine LFAleft frontoanterior (fetal position) LFPleft frontoposterior (fetal position) LFTliver function test LGAlarge for gestational age LGSILlow grade squamous intraepithelial lesion LGVlymphogranuloma venereum LHluteinizing hormone LH-RFluteinizing hormone releasing factor LH-RHluteinizing hormone releasing hormone LHCleft heart cath Lilithium LIHleft inguinal hernia ligligament LIMAleft internal mammary artery liq.liquid; fluid LLEleft lower extremity LLLleft lower lobe LLQleft lower quadrant LMleft main coronary artery LMAlaryngeal mask airway LMDlocal medical doctor LMNlower motor neuron LMPlast menstrual period LMTleft mentotransverse (fetal position) LMWHlow molecular weight heparin LNlymph node; liquid nitrogen LNDlymph node dissection LNMPlast normal menstrual period LNPFlymph node permeability factor LOAlysis of adhesions LOClevel/loss of consciousness LOPleft occipitoposterior (fetal position) LOTleft occipitotransverse (fetal position) LPlumbar puncture LPFlow power field LPHlipotropic pituitary hormone (lipotropin) LPNlicensed practical nurse Lrlawrencium LRlactated Ringer (solution) LRCPLicentiate of the Royal College of Physicians LRCSLicentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons LRHluteinizing hormone releasing hormone LSlumbro-sacral LSAleft sacroanterior (fetal position) LSDlysergic acid diethylamide LSILlow-grade squamous epithelial lesion LSPleft sacroposterior (fetal position) LSTleft sacrotransverse (fetal position) LTlight touch LTDlowest tolerated dose LTHluteotropic hormone LTMlong-term memory LTRlong terminal repeat Lulutetium LUEleft upper extremity LULleft upper lobe LUQleft upper quadrant LUTSlower urinary tract symptoms LVleft ventricle LVADleft ventricular assist device LVEDPleft ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEFleft ventricular ejection fraction LVETleft ventricular ejection time LV FXNleft ventricular function LVHleft ventricular hypertrophy LVNlicensed vocational nurse Lyslysine (or its radicals in peptides) LYTESelectrolytes �mu; micro; heavy chain class corresponding to IgM �Cimicrocurie �Eqmicroequivalent �gmicrogram �Lmicroliter �mmicrometer ��micromicro Mmaster; medicine; mega; molar; thousand; muscle; myopic mmale; mass; meter; minim; mole; meta; muscle M + AMcompound myopic astigmatism M&Mmorbidity and mortality mAmilliampere MAmental age; Master of Arts; Medical Assistant MAAmacroaggregated albumin Mabmonoclonal antibody MACmonitored anesthesia care; Mycobacterium avium complex MAIMycobacterium avium-intracellulare MAOmonoamine oxidase MAOBmonoamine oxidase-B MAOImonoamine oxidase inhibitor man. prim.first thing in the morning MAPmean arterial pressure; morning after pill mA-Smilliampere second MASTmedical/military antishock trousers MATMiller Analogies Test Mbmyoglobin MBCmaximum breating capacity MbCOcarbon monoxided myglobin MBDminimal brain dysfunction MbO2oxymyoglobin MBTmaternal blood type mc; mCimillicurie MCMedical Corp mcgmicrogram MCHmean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHCmean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCLmedial collateral ligament MCPmetacarpal-phalangeal MCVmean corpuscular volume MDDoctor of Medicine; muscular dystrophy Mdmendelevium MDImetered-dose inhaler MDRmulti-drug resistant MDRTBmulti-drug resistant tuberculosis MEMedical Examiner Memethyl MEDminimum effective dose medmedial Med TechMedical Technician; Medical Technologist MEDLARSMedical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System MEDSmedicines MELDModel for End-Stage Liver Disease mEqmilliequivalent mEq/Lmilliequivalent per liter ME ratiomyeloid/erythroid ratio MEPmaximal expiratory pressure MeSHMedical Subject Headings Metmethionine METmetabolic equivalent of task metHbmethemoglobin metMbmetmyoglobin MEVmillion electron volts (106 ev) MFNmaternal-fetal medicine MGmyasthenia gravis Mgmagnesium MgSO4magnesium sulfate mgmilligram MHCmajor histocompatibility complex mhosiemens unit MHzmegahertz MImyocardial infarction; mitral insufficiency MICUmedical intensive care unit MIDminimum infective dose MIDCABminimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass MIPmaximum inspiratory pressure mist.a mixture MKmenaquinone (vitamin K2) mks, MKSmeter kilogram second (system unit) mlmilliliter MLDminimum lethal dose MLEmidline episiotomy MLFmedial longitudinal fasciculus MMmucous membrane; multiple myeloma mmmillimeter mm Hgmillimeters of mercury MMEFmaximal mid expiratory flow mMolmillimole MMPmultiple medical problems MMPIMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (test) MMRmeasles-mumps-rubella (vaccine) MMSEMini-Mental Status Examination Mnmanganese Momolybdenum MOCMedical Officer on Call MODMedical Officer of the Day molmole mol wtmolecular weight MOMmilk of magnesia MOPPMustargen (mechlorethamine hydrocholoride), Oncovin (vincristine sulfate), procarbazine hydrochloride, and prednisone mor. dict.as directed mor. sol.as accustomed MPCmaximum permitted concentration MPDmaximal permissible dose MPHMaster of Public Health MPNmost probable number MPSmononuclear phagocyte system mrmilk ring (test); milliroentgen; mitral regurgitation Mrmolecular (weight) ratio MRAmagnetic resonance angiography MRCPmagnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography mrd; MRDminimal reacting dose MRgFUSMR-guided focused ultrasound surgery MRImagnetic resonance imaging MRSAmethicillin resistant staph aureus MSmitral stenosis; multiple sclerosis; Master of Science MS I, II, III, IVmedical student: first, second, third, and fourth year msecmillisecond m/secmeters per second MSHmelanocyte stimulating hormone MSMmen who have sex with men MSNMaster of Science in Nursing MSSAmethicillin-sensitive staph aureus MTMedical Technologist; Medical Transcriptionist; Monitor Technician MTPmetatarsalphalangeal (joint) MuMache unit MUGAmultiple gated acquisition (imaging) MUSEmedicated urethral system erection MVmitral valve mVmillivolt MVAmotor vehicle accident MVEMurray Valley encephalitis (virus) MVImultivitamin injection MVPmitral valve prolapse MVRmitral valve replacement MVVmaximum voluntary ventilation MWmolecular weight Mymyopia νnu; kinematic viscosity NNewton; nitrogen; normal (concentration) nnerve; nausia; index of refraction; nano N/Anot applicable Nasodium NAAnucleic acid amplification NABSnormal active bowel sounds NADnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; no apparent (acute) distress NAD+nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) NADHnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) NADPnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP+nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form) NADPHnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) NAMEnevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephelides (syndrome) NANDANorth American Nursing Diagnosis Association NASno added salt n.b.note well nbniobium NCATnormocephalic atraumatic NCVnerve conduction velocity nCinanocurie NCSnerve conduction study NCVnerve conduction velocity Ndneodymium NDCNational Drug Code Nd:YAGneodymium:yttriium-aluminum-garnet (laser) NDANew Drug Application Neneon NEnorepinephrine; not examined NEBnebulizer NEDno evidence of recurrent disease NEEPnegative end expiratory pressure NFNational Formulary NG, ngnasogastric; nanogram NGFnerve growth factor (antigen) NGTnasogastric tube NGUnon-gonoccocal urethritis NHnursing home NH3ammonia NHLnon-Hodgkin's lymphoma Ninickel NICUneonatal intensive care unit NIDDMnoninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIFnegative inspiratory force NIHNational Institutes of Health NKnatural killer NKAno known allergies NKDAno known drug allergies NLMNational Library of Medicine nmnanometer NMDAN-methyl D-aspartate NMJneuromuscular junction NMNnicotinamide mononucleotide NMRnuclear magnetic resonance NMSneuroleptic malignant syndrome nnnerves Nonobelium noct.in the night noct. maneq.night and morning non rep; n.r.do not repeat NOSnot otherwise specified NPnurse practitioner Npneptunium NPNnonprotein nitrogen NPO; n.p.o.nothing by mouth NRCnormal retinal correspondence NREMnonrapid eye movement (sleep) NRMno regular medications nRNAnuclear RNA NSnormal saline NSAIDnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSBGPnon-specific bowel gas pattern NSCLCAnon-small cell lung cancer NSRnormal sinus rhythm NTnasotracheal NTDnothing to do NUCSnuclear medicine NUGnecrotizing ulcerative gingivitis N&V, N/Vnausea and vomiting NYHANew York Heart Association Ωomega; ohm o-ortho Oeye; opening; oxygen; pint O2oxygen OAosteoarthritis O&Povum and parasites OAVoculoauriculovertebral (dysplasia, syndrome) OBobstetrics; occult blood (followed by + or -) OB/GYNobstetrics and gynecology OBSorganic brain syndrome OCoral contraceptive OCDobsessive-compulsive disorder OCGoral cholecystogram OCPoral contraceptive pill ODDoctor of Optometry; Officer of the Day; overdose O.D.right eye; overdose ODDoculodentodigital (dysplasia, syndrome) Oeoersted (centimeter gram second unit of magnetic field strength) OEotitis externa OFDorofaciodigital (dysostosis, syndrome) OKTOrtho-Kung T (cell) ol.oil OLTorthotopic liver transplant OMotitis media OMLorbitomeatal line om. mane vel noc.every morning or night OMMophthalmomandibulomelic (dysplasia syndrome) omn. hor.every hour omn. noct.every night OmPCouter membrane porin C OMSorganic mental syndrome ONoptic nerve; over night OOBout of bed OOPout of plaster OPopening pressure; osmotic pressure; outpatient O/Poropharynx OPDoutpatient department OPVoral polio vaccine ORoperating room ORDoptical rotatory dispersion ORIFopen reduction with/and internal fixation ORLoto-rhino laryngology Ornornithine (or its radical) Oroorotate; orotic acid Ososmium O.S.left eye OSAobstructive sleep apnea OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administration OToccupational therapy OTCover-the-counter OTDout the door OUeach eye; both eyes O/Wotherwise OXToxytocin ozounce P, pmelting point pafter; pulse; pending; pico; pupil P2pulmonic second sound Ppara; partial; peta; phosphorus; plasma; pressure 32Pphosphorus-32 P1first parental generation P-A; PA; pa; Paplacenta abruption; posteroanterior; Physician's Assistant; pulmonary artery; pascal; protactinium PABApara-aminobenzoic acid (vitamin B10) Paco2partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveolar gas PACpremature atrial contraction PACUpostanesthesia care unit PADperipheral arterial disease PAFplatelet-aggregating (or platelet-activating) factor PAHparaaminohippuric (acid) PALSpediatric advanced life support P-ANCAperinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody PAO 2alveolar oxygen partial pressure PaO2 peripheral arterial oxygen content; partial pressure of arterial oxygen Pap, Pap testPapanicolaou smear PAPpulmonary artery pressure part. vicin divided doses PASpara aminosalicylic (acid), periodic acid Schiff (reagent) PASApara aminosalicylic acid PATparoxysymal atrial tachycardia P&PDpercussion and postural drainage Pblead PBCprimary billiary cirrhosis PBGporphobilinogen PBIprotein-bound iodine p.c.after meals PCApatient-controlled analgesia PCBpolychlorinated biphenyl PCIpercutaneous coronary intervention PCKDpolycystic kidney disease PCLposterior cruciate ligament PCMpacemaker PCODpolycystic ovarian disease Pco 2carbon dioxide pressure PCOSpolycystic ovarian syndrome PCPphyncyclidine; plasma cell pneumonia; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; primary care physician; primary care provider PCRpolymerase chain reaction PCTpercutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PCWPpulmonary capillary wedge pressure Pdpalladium PDinterpupillary distance; Parkinson disease; peritoneal dialysis pdprism diopter; pupillary distance PDApatent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending artery PDGFplatelet derived growth factor PDLLpoorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma PDRPhysicians' Desk Reference PEphysical examination; pulmonary embolism PEEPpositive end expiratory pressure PEFRpeak expiratory flow rate PEGpercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy perthrough or by PERRLApupils equal, regular, react to light and accommodation PETpositron emission tomography PFpeak flow; plantar flexion PF4platelet factor 4 PFOpatent foramen ovale PFP, P4Ppay for performance PFTpulmonary function test pgpicogram PGprostaglandin PGAprostaglandin A PGBprostaglandin B PGEprostaglandin E PGFprostaglandin F pHhydrogen ion concentration PHpin hole Phphenyl Ph1Philadelphia (chromosome) PHAphytohemagglutinin (antigen) Pharm; Phar.pharmacy Pharm DDoctor of Pharmacy PhDDoctor of Philosophy Phephenylalanine (or its radical) PHGGerman Pharmacopeia PhGGraduate in Pharmacy PHNPublic Health Nurse; postherpetic neuralgia PIpresent illness; previous illness; pulmonic insufficiency disease PICCperipherally inserted central catheter PIDpelvic inflammatory disease PIFprolactin inhibiting factor PIHpregnancy-induced hypertension pil.pill PIPproximal interphalangeal PIPDA (scan) 99mTc-para-isopropylacetanilido-iminodiaacetic acid (cholescintigraphy) pKnegative logorithm of the ionization constant (Ka) of an acid PKUphenylketonuria PLTplatelets pmpicometer PMafternoon/evening; post mortem PMDprimary medical doctor PMHpast medical history PMIpoint of maximal impulse; point of maximum intensity PMNpolymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes PMRSphysical medicine and rehabilitation service PMSpremenstrual syndrome PNprogress note; Practical Nurse PNApneumonia PNBXprostate needle biopsy PNDparoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea PNHparoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria PNSperipheral nervous system PNPplatelet neutralization procedure PNPBpositive negative pressure breathing PNSperipheral nervous system Popolonium PO; p.o.orally, by mouth PO2partial pressure of oxygen PODpost op day POEMSpolyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes (syndrome) POLSTphysician orders for life-sustaining therapy POMPprednisone, Oncovin (vincristine sulfate), methotrexate, and Purinethol (6-mercaptopurine) POPpopliteal PORproblem-oriented (medical) record post.posterior PPplacenta previa; postprandial or pulsus paradoxus; pyrophosphate PPDpurified protein derivative (TB test) PPIproton pump inhibitor PPLOpleuropneumonia like organism ppmparts per million PPMSprimary progressive multiple sclerosis PPNperipheral parenteral nutrition PPPPPpain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis PPO2,5-diphenyloxazole PPSpost-polio syndrome PPTLpost partum tubal ligation PPVpositive pressure ventilation Prpraseodymium; presbyopia p.r.through the rectum PRAplasma renin activity PRBCspacked red blood cells PRFprolactin releasing factor PRLprolactin p.r.n.as needed Proproline (or its radicals) pro time/PTprothrombin time PROMpassive range of motion; premature rupture of membranes PSpulmonic stenosis PSAprostate-specific antigen PSCprimary sclerosing cholangitis PSHpast surgical history psipounds per square inch PSVprostate-specific antigen PTprothrombin time; physical therapy Ptplatinum; patient ptpint PTAprior to admission; peritonsilar abscess; plasma thromboplastin antecedent PTAHphosphotungstic acid hematoxylin PTCApercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTHparathyroid hormone Pthalpersantine thallium PTHCpercutanous transhepatic cholangiogram PTSDpost-traumatic stress disorder PTTpartial thromboplastin time PTUprophylthiouracil PTXpneumothorax Puplutonium PUOpyrexia of unknown origin PUBSpercutaneous umbilical blood sampling PUPPpruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy PUDpeptic ulcer disease PUVA(oral administration of) psoralen (and subsequent exposure to ) ultraviolet light of A wavelength p.v.through the vagina; polycythemia vera; portal vein Pvaxpneumococcal vaccination PVCpremature ventricular contraction; polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone) PVDperipheral vascular disease PVRperipheral vascular resistance qevery Qcoulomb; volume of blood flow qAMeach morning Qco2microliters CO2 given off per milligram of dry weight of tissue per hour q.d.every day QFT-GQuantiFERON-TB Gold q.h.every hour q.2h.every 2 hours q.3h.every 3 hours q.4h.every 4 hours QHSevery night q.i.d. afour times a day q.l.as much as wanted qnsquantity not sufficient Qo; Qo2oxygen consumption q.o.d. aevery other day q.p.as much as desired qPMeach evening q.s.as much as needed; quantity sufficient Qs/Qtshunt fraction Qttotal cardiac output qtquart q.v.as much as you please Rright; gas constant (8.315 joules); (organic) radical; Reamur (scale); resistance; resolution; respiration; respiratory rracemic; roentgen RArheumatoid arthritis; right atrium Raradium RADright atrial axis deviation radradiation absorbed dose RAEright atrial enlargement RAIradioactive iodine RAIUradioactive iodine uptake RAPright atrial pressure RASreticular activating system RASTradioallergosorbent test RAVRous-associated virus RAWresistance, airway Rbrubidium R/Breferred by; relieved by RBBBright bundle branch block RBCred blood cell; red blood count RBFrenal blood flow RBPretinol-binding protein RCAright coronary artery RCCrenal cell cancer RCMright costal margin RCTrandomized controlled trial; rotator cuff tear RDRaynaud disease; reaction of degeneration; reaction of denervation; Registered Dietitian RDArecommended daily/dietary allowance RDHRegistered Dental Hygienist RDIrespiratory disturbance index rDNAribosomal DNA RDSrespiratory distress syndrome RDWred cell distribution width REright eye; right ear Rerhenium REBrebound remroentgen equivalent, man REMrapid eye movement; reticular erythematous mucinosis reproentgen equivalent, physical RFrelease factor; rheumatoid factor; risk factor RFAradio frequency ablation; right femoral artery; right frontoanterior (fetal position) RFLPrestriction fragment length polymorphism RFPright frontoposterior (fetal position) RFTrenal function test; right frontotransverse (fetal position) Rhrhesus factor; rhodium RHreleasing hormone RHCright heart cath RHDrheumatic heart disease Rheumrheumatology R/Irule in RIAradioimmunoassay Ribribose RIGrabies immunoglobulin RIHright inguinal hernia RIMAright internal mammary artery RLEright lower extremity RLLright lower lobe RLQright lower quadrant RMAright mentoanterior (fetal position) RMLright middle lobe of lung RMPright mentposterior (fetal position) RMTright mentotransverse (fetal position) Rnradon RNRegistered Nurse RNAribonucleic acid; Registered Nurse Anesthetist Rnaseribonuclease RNCRegistered Nurse Certified RNEFradionuclide ejection fraction RNPRegistered Nurse Practitioner; ribonucleoprotein R/Orule out ROAright occipitoanterior (fetal position) ROMrange of motion ROMIrule out myocardial infarction ROPright occipitoposterior (fetal position) ROSreview of systems ROTright occipitotransverse (fetal position) RPRegistered Pharmacist; retinitis pigmentosa RPGretrograde pyelogram RPFrenal plasma flow RPGNrapidly progressive glomerulonephritis RPhRegistered Pharmacist RPLNDretroperitoneal lymph node dissection RPMrevolutions per minute RPMSrelapsing-progressive multiple sclerosis RPRrapid plasma reagin RQrespiratory quotient RRrecovery room; respiratory rate; relative risk RRMSrelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rRNAribosomal RNA RRPradical retropubic prostatectomy RRRregular rate and rhythm; relative risk reduction Rsresolution RSrespiratory synctial (virus) RSAright sacroanterior (fetal position) RSDreflex sympathetic dystrophy RSPright sacroposterior (fetal positon) RSTright sacrotransverse (fetal position) RSVrespiratory syncytial virus; Rous sarcoma virus RTradiation therapy; respiratory therapy; Radiologic Technologist; Registered Technologist; Respiratory Therapist R/Trelated to RTArenal tubular acidosis RTCreturn to clinic RTErenal tubular epithelium rTMPribothymidylic acid Ruruthenium RUresin uptake RUEright upper extremity RUGretrograde urethogram RULright upper lobe RUQright upper quadrant RVresidual volume; right ventricle RVADright ventricular assist device RVEFright ventricular ejection fraction RVGright ventriculogram RVHright ventricular hypertrophy RVRrapid ventricular response Rxtreatment ssigma; reflection coefficient; standard deviation; 1 millisecond; half; steady state Smark; saturation of hemoglobin (percentage of) (followed bysubscript o2 or co2); siemens; spheric; sulfur ssine; without S.sacral S1first selfing generation S-A; S/A; SAsinoatrial SAAsynthetic amino acid SAAGserum ascites albumin gradient S&Esugar and acetone SABspontaneous abortion SADseasonal affective disorder SAHsub-arachnoid hemorrhage Sao2oxygen saturation (of) arterial (oxyhemoglobin) SARSsevere acute respiratory syndrome SBsmall bowel Sbantimony SBEsubacute bacterial endocarditis SBFTsmall bowel follow through SBOsmall bowel obstruction SBPsystolic blood pressure SBSshort bowel syndrome SC, sc, s.c.subcutaneous(ly); sternoclavicular Scscandium SCCAsquamous cell cancer SCIspinal cord injury SCLsoft contact lens SCLCAsmall cell lung cancer SCrserum creatinine ScDDoctor of Science SCIDsevere combined immunodeficiency SDstandard deviation; streptodornase SDAspecific dynamic action SDATsenile dementia of the Alzheimer type S.E.standard error Seselenium SEMsystolic ejection murmur Sed ratesedimentation rate semih.half an hour Serserine SERMselective estrogen receptor modulator SfSvedberg flotation (constant, unit) SFAsuperficial femoral artery SFVsuperficial femoral vein SGSwan Ganz SGAsmall for gestational age SGGTserum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase SGOTserum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase SGPTserum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase SIinternational system of units Sisilicon SIADHsyndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone SIDsource-to-image (-receptor) distance SIDSsudden infant death syndrome Sig.write on label; affix a label, inscribe SIMVspontaneous/sychronous intermittent mandatory ventilation SIRDsourct-to-image-receptor distance SIRSsystemic inflammatory response syndrome SISIsmal increment (or short increment) sensitivity index (test) SJSStevens-Johnson syndrome SKseborrheic keratosis; streptokinase slsublingual SLEsystemic lupus erythematosus SLPspeech-language pathology SLRstraight leg raise Smsamarium SMOslips made out SMSSenior Medical Student Sntin SNStudent Nurse SNFskilled nursing facility SNRIserotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SNSsympathetic nervous system SOAPsubjective, objective, assessment plan (problem oriented medical record) SOBshortness of breath sol; solnsolution, dissolved s.o.s.if necessary SPSpeech Pathologist S/Pno change after; status post SPAsingle proton absorptiometry SPCAserum prothrombin conversion accelerator (factor VII) SPECTsingle-photon emission computed tomography SPEPserum protein electro-pheresis sp grspecific gravity SPFskin protection factor sphspherical spmsuppression and mutation SPMSsecondary progressive multiple sclerosis spp.species spt.spirit s.q.; SQsubcutaneous(ly) Srstrontium SRFsomatotropin releasing factor SRF-Aslow reacting factor of anaphylaxis SRIFsomatotropin-release-inhibiting factor sRNAsoluble RNA SRSslow-reacting substance (of anaphylaxis) SRS-Aslow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis ssa half s/ssigns and symptoms ssDNAsingle stranded DNA SSIsliding scale insulin ssp.subspecies SSRIselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSSsick sinus syndrome st.let it/them stand STscapulothoracic StaphStaphylococcus stat.immediately STDsexually transmitted disease STELshort term exposure limit STHsomatotropic hormone STIsexually transmitted infection STMshort-term memory STPDstandard temperature (0� C) and pressure (760 mmHg absolute), dry StrepStreptococcus STSserologic test for syphilis STUskin test unit STXstricture sup.superior supf.superficial SVstroke volume; supraventricular; sievert (unit) SVCsuperior vena cava SVDspontaneous vaginal delivery SVGsaphenous vein graft SVTsupraventricular tachycardia SWsocial worker Sxsymptoms syr.syrup Sz; SZRseizure tmetric ton ttemperature (Celcius); tritium Ttemperature; absolute (Kelvin); tension (intraocular); tera; tesla; tetanus (toxoid); tidal (volume); tocopherol; transverse (tubule); tritium; tumor (antigen) T!decreased tension (pressure) T+increased tension (pressure) T3triiodothyronine T4tetraiodothyronine; thyroxine T6thoracic nerve pair 6 TAtoxin-antitoxin Tatantalum TAAthoracic aortic aneurysm T&Atonsillectomy and adenoidectomy T&Ctype and cross T&Htype and hold T&Stype and screen TABthreatened abortion; therapeutic abortion; tablet TACtransient aplastic crisis TADtransient acantholytic dermatosis TAFtumor angiogenesis factor TAHtotal abdominal hysterectomy TARthrombocytopenia with absent radii (syndrome) TATthematic apperception test T.A.T.toxin-antitoxin TBtuberculin; tuberculosis; tubercle bacillus Tbterbium TBGtotal binding globulin; thyroid-binding globulin TBPthyroxine-binding protein TBVtotal blood volume Tctechnetium 99mTMtechnetium 99m TCcurrent temperature TCAtricarboxylic acid; trichloracetic acid; tricyclic antidepressant TCCtransitional cell cancer TCNtalocalcaneonavicular (joint) Tdtetanus-diptheria toxoid; tardive dyskinesia TDPribothymidine 5' diphosphate t.d.s.to be taken three times daily TDWBATtouch down weight bearing as tolerated Tetellurium; tetanus TEDDtotal end-diastolic diameter TEEtransesophageal echocardiogram TENtoxic epidermal necrolysis TENStranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TESDtotal end-systolic diameter TFCItransient focal cerebral ischemia TFstube feeds TGthyroglobulin; tryglycerides Ththorium THAtotal hip arthroplasty THCtetrahydrocannabinol Thrthreonine (or its radicals) THRtotal hip replacement Tititanium TIAtransient ischemic attack TIBCtotal iron-binding capacity t.i.d.three times a day TIGtetanus immune globulin t.i.n. three times a night tinct., trtincture TIPStransvenous intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt ti/ttotduty cycle TKAtotal knee arthroplasty TKOto keep open TKRtotal knee replacement Tlthallium TLC, tlctender loving care; thin layer chromatography; total lung capacity; triple lumen catheter TLVthreshold-limit value tmtemperature midpoint (Celsius) Tmthulium; tubular maximal (excretory capacity of kidneys) TMtympanic membrane; transport maximum TMJtemporomandibular joint TMNtumor metastases nodes (universal tumor staging system) TMPribothymidine 5' monophosphate TMTtarsometatarsal TMVtobacco mosaic virus Tn(ocular) tension; (intraoccular) tension normal TNtrigeminal nerve TNFtumor necrosis factor TNF-Itumor necrosis factor inhibitor TNF-αtumor necrosis factor alpha TNMtumor-node-metastasis (tumor staging) TNTtrinitrotoluene TNTCtoo numerous to count TNTMtoo numerous to mention TOtelephone order TOAtubo-ovarian abscess top.topically TOPVtrivalent oral polio vaccine TORBtelephone order read back TORCHtoxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex (maternal infections) TOXtoxicology TOXOtoxoplasmosis TPtotal protein TPA; t-PAtissue plasminogen activator TPHATreponema pallidum hemagglutination (test) TPITreponema pallidum immobilization test for syphilis TPNtotal parenteral nutrition TPOthyroid peroxidase TPRtemperature, pulse, and respiration TRtricuspid regurgitation tr, tinct.tincture TRAPcriteria tremor, rigidity, akinesia or postural instablity bradykinesia, and postural instability Tregregulatory T cell TRHthyrotropin releasing hormone (stimulation test) TRICtrachoma inclusion conjunctivitis (organism) trit.triturate, grind tRNAtransfer RNA Trptryptophan (and its radicals) TRUStransrectal ultrasound TSDtime since death TSEtesticular self-examination TSHthyroid-stimulating hormone TSStoxic shock syndrome TSTAtumor-specific transplantation antigen TTthrombin time TTEtrans-thoracic echocardiogram TTPthrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura tTGantitransglutaminase TUtoxic unit; toxin unit; Tuberculin units TUMAtransurethral microwave antenna TURtransurethral resection TURBTTUR bladder tumors TURPtransurethral resection of the prostate TVtidal volume TVCtrue vocal cord TVHtotal vaginal hysterectomy TVUStransvaginal ultrasound twtwice a week Txtreatment; transplant; transfusion Tyrtyrosine (and its radicals) Uuranium; uridine (in polymers); urinary (concentration) U auranium; unit a UAurinalysis; uric acid UACuric acid UAOupper airway obstruction UBDuniversal blood donor UCulcerative colitis UCCurgent care center UCXurine culture uduse as directed UDPuridine diphosphate UDPGuridine diphosphate glucose UDSurodynamic study UEupper extremity UFultra filtration UFHunfractionated heparin UGIupper gastrointestinal UGISupper gastrointestinal series UHFultrahigh frequency ult. praes.the last ordered Umb; umb; umboumbilicus UMNupper motor neuron UMPuridine monophosphate (uridylic acid) ung.ointment UNSAunstable angina UOurine output u-PAurokinase UPEPurine protein electropheresis UPJureteropelvic junction UPPPuvulopalatopharyngeoplasty Urduridine URIupper respiratory infection URQupper right quandrant USultrasonic, ultrasound USANUnited States Adopted Name USPUnited States Pharmacopeia USPHSUnited States Public Health Service ut. dict.as directed UTDUp to date UTIurinary tract infection UTPuridine triphosphate UUNurinary urea nitrogen UVultraviolet UVAultraviolet A light UVBultraviolet B light UVJureterovesical junction vvein; vomiting; venous; volt Vvanadium; vision; visual (acuity); volt; volume Vventilation; gas flow VAalveolar ventilation VAvisual acuity; viral antigen V-Aventriculoatrial VADvenous access device Valvaline (and its radicals) V&Pvagotomy and pyloroplasty Va/Qventilation/perfusion ratio VATERvertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, and radial and renal dysplasia VATSvideo assisted thoracoscopic surgery VAXvaccine VBACvaginal birth after Cesarean section VBGvenous blood gas VCvision, color; vital capacity; vocal cord VCEvagina, (ecto)cervix, endocervical canal VCUGvoiding cystourethrogram V1CV6unipolar precordial electrocardiogram chest leads VDvenereal disease VD(physiologic) dead space VDRLVenereal Disease Research Laboratories VFventricular fibrillation Vffield of vision VHDLvery high density lipoprotein VIPvasoactive intestinal peptide VLBWvery low birth weight VLDLvery low density lipoprotein VMAvanillylmandelic acid Vmaxmaximal velocity VNVisiting Nurse, Vocational Nurse VOverbal or voice order VOEVistA-Office Electronic Health Record vol.volume vol %volume percent VORBverbal order read back VPventriculo-peritoneal; vasopressin V/Qventilation/perfusion VRvocal resonance VREvancomycin-resistant enterococcus VSvolumetric solution; vesicular sound; vital signs VSDventricular septal defect VSSvital signs stable VTtidal volume VTventricular tachycardia VVvaricose veins VWvessel wall VWFVon Willebrand factor VZIGvaricella zoster immune globulin VZVvaricella zoster virus Wtungsten wwatt WAISWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAPwritten action plan WBwhole blood WBATweight bearing as tolerated WBCwhite blood cell; white blood count WCWard Clerk WDwell developed WDLLwell-differentiated lymphocytic (or lymphatic) lymphoma WDWNwell-developed, well-nourished WEEwestern equine encephalomyelitis WF/BFwhite female/black female WHwell-hydrated WHOWorld Health Organization WIAwounded in action WIDwidow, widower WM/BMwhite male/black male WNwell-nourished WNLwithin normal limits WNVWest Nile virus W/Owithout WOwritten order; weeks old; wide open WOPwithout pain W.P.whirlpool WPWWolf-Parkinson-White wt.weight W-T-Dwet to dry W/Uwork-up w/v.weight in volume xmultiplied by; except X; Xaoxanthosine X2Dtimes two days Xexenon 133Xexenon 133 XIeleven XIItwelve XLextended release; extra large XLRcrossed leg raise XMcrossmatch XMMxeromammography XOMextraocular movements XSexcessive XRTX-ray therapy XUexcretory urogram XULNtimes upper limit of normal yyocto- Yyttrium YAGyttrium-aluminum-garnet (laser) Ybytterbium YFyellow fever YLCyoungest living child yoyears old yobyear of birth yryear ytdyear to date Zatomic number; carbobenzoxy (chloride) ZDVzidovudine ZEZollinger-Ellison ZEEPzero end-expiratory pressure ZESZollinger-Ellison syndrome Z-ESRzeta erythrocyte sedimentation rate Znzinc 65Znzinc 65 ZnOzinc oxide Zrzirconium ZSBzero stools since birth ZSRzeta sedimentation ratio